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Parveez B, Jamal NA, Aabid A, Baig M. Microstructure and Strengthening Effect of Coated Diamond Particles on the Porous Aluminum Composites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:3240. [PMID: 37110076 PMCID: PMC10141200 DOI: 10.3390/ma16083240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this work, porous Al alloy-based composites with varying Ti-coated diamond contents (0, 4, 6, 12 and 15 wt.%) were prepared, employing the powder metallurgy route and using a fixed amount (25 wt.%) of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) as a space holder. The effects of the varying wt.% of diamond particles on the microstructure, porosities, densities and compressive behaviors were systematically evaluated. The microstructure study revealed that the porous composites exhibited a well-defined and uniform porous structure with good interfacial bonding between the Al alloy matrix and diamond particles. The porosities ranged from 18% to 35%, with an increase in the diamond content. The maximum value of plateau stress of 31.51 MPa and an energy absorption capacity of 7.46 MJ/m3 were acquired for a composite with 12 wt.% of Ti-coated diamond content; beyond this wt.%, the properties declined. Thus, the presence of diamond particles, especially in the cell walls of porous composites, strengthened their cell walls and improved their compressive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisma Parveez
- Department of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 53100, Malaysia
| | - Nur Ayuni Jamal
- Department of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 53100, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Aabid
- Department of Engineering Management, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muneer Baig
- Department of Engineering Management, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
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Mohanavel V, Ravichandran M, Ashraff Ali KS, Sathish T, Karthick A, Arungalai Vendan S, Velmurugan P, Salmen SH, Alfarraj S, Sivakumar S, Gebrekidan AM. Synthesis and Workability Behavior of Cu-X wt.% TiC ( x = 0, 4, 8, and 12) Powder Metallurgy Composites. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:8101680. [PMID: 35637640 PMCID: PMC9148246 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8101680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, copper (Cu) matrix composite reinforced with titanium carbide (TiC) was fabricated by powder metallurgy (PM) method with the varying TiC content from 0% to 12% by weight in the step of 4%. The required weight percentage of powders was milled in an indigenously developed ball milling setup. Green compacts were made using a computer-controlled hydraulic press (400 kN) and sintered in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 950°C. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to analyze the distribution of TiC particles in Cu matrix in as-sintered conditions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis resulted in the existence of respective phases in the produced composites. The structural characteristics such as stress, strain, dislocation density, and grain size of the milled composites were evaluated. Cold upsetting was conducted for the sintered composites at room temperature to evaluate the axial (σ z ), hoop (σ ө ), hydrostatic (σ m ), and effective (σ eff ) true stresses. These stresses were analyzed against true axial strain (ε z ). Results showed that the increase in the inclusion of weight percentage of TiC into the Cu matrix increases density, hardness, (σ z ), (σ ө ), (σ m ), (σ eff ), and stress ratio parameters such as (σ z /σ eff ), (σ θ /σ eff ), (σ m /σ eff ), and (σ z /σ θ ) of the composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Mohanavel
- Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, 600073 Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India
| | - M. Ravichandran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. Ramakrishnan College of Engineering, Trichy-621112, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India
| | - K. S. Ashraff Ali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, C. Abdul Hakeem College of Engineering and Technology, Vellore 632509, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T. Sathish
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alagar Karthick
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore 641407, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Arungalai Vendan
- Department of Electronics and Communication, Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Palanivel Velmurugan
- Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, 600073 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saleh H. Salmen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alfarraj
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - S. Sivakumar
- Department of Bioenvironmental Energy, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang-si 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Atkilt Mulu Gebrekidan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Arba Minch Institute of Technology (AMIT), Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
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Güler O, Varol T, Alver Ü, Biyik S. The wear and arc erosion behavior of novel copper based functionally graded electrical contact materials fabricated by hot pressing assisted electroless plating. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2021.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Microstructure and Properties of Copper–Graphite Composites Fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering Based on Two-Step Mixing. METALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/met10111506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The microstructure and properties of Copper-Graphite Composites (CGC) prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) based on two-step mixing and wet milling were investigated. The results showed that Cu powders were rolled into Cu flakes during milling, and their size significantly decreased from 23.2 to 10.9 μm when the graphite content increased from 1.0 wt.% to 2.5 wt.%. The oxidation of Cu powder was avoided during two-step mixing and wet milling. After spark plasma sintering, the graphite powders of the composites were mainly distributed at Cu grain boundaries in granular and flake shapes. The mean size of Cu grains was 9.4 um for 1.0 wt.% graphite content and reduced slightly with the increasing of graphite content. Compared with other conventional methods, the composite prepared by two-step mixing and SPS achieved higher relative density, electrical conductivity, and micro-hardness, which, respectively, reduced from 98.78%, 89.7% IACS (International annealed copper standard), and 64 HV (Vickers-hardness) to 96.56%, 81.3% IACS, and 55 HV when the graphite content increased from 1.0 wt.% to 2.5 wt.%. As the graphite content increases, the friction coefficient and wear rate of the composite decreases. When the graphite content of CGC is 1.0 wt.%, the main wear mechanism was plastic deformation, delamination, adhesive, and fatigue wear. The adhesive and fatigue wear disappeared gradually with the increasing of graphite content.
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