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Syandri H, Azrita A, Thamrin R, Zen D, D. Roza H, Chandra Eduard Orah J, Abdurahman M, Yuza A, Irvan I, Afriwan A. Broodstock development, induced spawning and larval rearing of the bilih, Mystacoleucus padangensis (Bleeker, 1852), a vulnerable species, and its potential as a new aquaculture candidate. F1000Res 2023; 12:420. [PMID: 37928170 PMCID: PMC10624952 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.132013.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Mystacoleucus padangensis living in Lake Singkarak, Indonesia, has high potential market demand but is threatened by overfishing and has not been successfully cultured. This study describes the first broodstock development, induced breeding, and larval rearing of M. padangensis. Methods: A total of 1,000 female and 1,000 male broodfish were collected from the wild and reared in two concrete ponds (128 m 2) at the Centre for Biodiversity Conservation, P.T. Semen Padang, Indonesia. The broodfish were fed commercial feed to satiation at 09:00 and 17:00 h. The females (average weight 7.56 ± 0.85 g) and males (4.86 ± 1.20 g) were selected at a ratio of 1:4 (female:male), and gonad maturation was induced with a single dose of GnRH analogue (Ovaprim) of 0.1 ml/fish. At 16 h after hormone injection, eggs were collected individually into a plastic vessel. Spermatozoa were collected with sterile syringes. Eggs were fertilized using the "dry" method, and 0.5 ml samples (equal to 100 eggs) were taken. The eggs were incubated in a plastic strainer with a water volume of 1.57 litres and placed in a tarpaulin pond with a volume of 150.72 litres. Results: The overall hatching rate was 78.93 ± 4.13%. The newly hatched larvae were 3900.81 µm long, with a yolk sac of 82881.480 µm 2. The mouth opened at 72 days post hatching (DPH) with a gape measuring approximately 61.880 µm. The protocol of larval feeding started with artificial feed, followed by Artemia nauplii up to 30 DPH. Weaning of larvae started at 4 DPH. Larvae started metamorphosis by 15 DPH and ended by 22 DPH when the larvae reached 7430.27 µm. Larval rearing resulted in an average survival rate of 28.4 ± 3.04%. Conclusions: Its successful spawning induction and high larval hatching and survival rates make M. padangensis an excellent aquaculture candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafrijal Syandri
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Bung Hatta, Padang, West Sumatera, 25133, Indonesia
| | - Azrita Azrita
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Bung Hatta, Padang, West Sumatera, 25133, Indonesia
| | - Rinold Thamrin
- Centre for Biodiversity Conservation, P.T. Semen Padang Indonesia, Padang, West Sumatera, 25237, Indonesia
| | - Deni Zen
- Centre for Biodiversity Conservation, P.T. Semen Padang Indonesia, Padang, West Sumatera, 25237, Indonesia
| | - Hendrik D. Roza
- Centre for Biodiversity Conservation, P.T. Semen Padang Indonesia, Padang, West Sumatera, 25237, Indonesia
| | - Jimmy Chandra Eduard Orah
- Centre for Biodiversity Conservation, P.T. Semen Padang Indonesia, Padang, West Sumatera, 25237, Indonesia
| | - Maman Abdurahman
- Centre for Biodiversity Conservation, P.T. Semen Padang Indonesia, Padang, West Sumatera, 25237, Indonesia
| | - Alif Yuza
- Centre for Biodiversity Conservation, P.T. Semen Padang Indonesia, Padang, West Sumatera, 25237, Indonesia
| | - Irvan Irvan
- Centre for Biodiversity Conservation, P.T. Semen Padang Indonesia, Padang, West Sumatera, 25237, Indonesia
| | - Afriwan Afriwan
- Centre for Biodiversity Conservation, P.T. Semen Padang Indonesia, Padang, West Sumatera, 25237, Indonesia
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Syandri H, Azrita A, Thamrin R, Zen D, D. Roza H, Chandra Eduard Orah J, Abdurahman M, Yuza A, Irvan I, Afriwan A. Broodstock development, induced spawning and larval rearing of the bilih, Mystacoleucus padangensis (Bleeker, 1852), a vulnerable species, and its potential as a new aquaculture candidate. F1000Res 2023; 12:420. [PMID: 37928170 PMCID: PMC10624952 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.132013.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Mystacoleucus padangensis living in Lake Singkarak, Indonesia, has high potential market demand but is threatened by overfishing and has not been successfully cultured. This study describes the first broodstock development, induced breeding, and larval rearing of M. padangensis. Methods: A total of 1,000 female and 1,000 male broodfish were collected from the wild and reared in two concrete ponds (128 m 2) at the Centre for Biodiversity Conservation, P.T. Semen Padang, Indonesia. The broodfish were fed commercial feed to satiation at 09:00 and 17:00 h. The females (average weight 7.56 ± 0.85 g) and males (4.86 ± 1.20 g) were selected at a ratio of 1:4 (female:male), and gonad maturation was induced with a single dose of GnRH analogue (Ovaprim) of 0.1 ml/fish. At 16 h after hormone injection, eggs were collected individually into a plastic vessel. Spermatozoa were collected with sterile syringes. Eggs were fertilized using the "dry" method, and 0.5 ml samples (equal to 100 eggs) were taken. The eggs were incubated in a plastic strainer with a water volume of 1.57 litres and placed in a tarpaulin pond with a volume of 150.72 litres. Results: The overall hatching rate was 78.93 ± 4.13%. The newly hatched larvae were 3900.81 µm long, with a yolk sac of 82881.480 µm 2. The mouth opened at 72 days post hatching (DPH) with a gape measuring approximately 61.880 µm. The protocol of larval feeding started with artificial feed, followed by Artemia nauplii up to 30 DPH. Weaning of larvae started at 4 DPH. Larvae started metamorphosis by 15 DPH and ended by 22 DPH when the larvae reached 7430.27 µm. Larval rearing resulted in an average survival rate of 28.4 ± 3.04%. Conclusions: Its successful spawning induction and high larval hatching and survival rates make M. padangensis an excellent aquaculture candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafrijal Syandri
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Bung Hatta, Padang, West Sumatera, 25133, Indonesia
| | - Azrita Azrita
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Bung Hatta, Padang, West Sumatera, 25133, Indonesia
| | - Rinold Thamrin
- Centre for Biodiversity Conservation, P.T. Semen Padang Indonesia, Padang, West Sumatera, 25237, Indonesia
| | - Deni Zen
- Centre for Biodiversity Conservation, P.T. Semen Padang Indonesia, Padang, West Sumatera, 25237, Indonesia
| | - Hendrik D. Roza
- Centre for Biodiversity Conservation, P.T. Semen Padang Indonesia, Padang, West Sumatera, 25237, Indonesia
| | - Jimmy Chandra Eduard Orah
- Centre for Biodiversity Conservation, P.T. Semen Padang Indonesia, Padang, West Sumatera, 25237, Indonesia
| | - Maman Abdurahman
- Centre for Biodiversity Conservation, P.T. Semen Padang Indonesia, Padang, West Sumatera, 25237, Indonesia
| | - Alif Yuza
- Centre for Biodiversity Conservation, P.T. Semen Padang Indonesia, Padang, West Sumatera, 25237, Indonesia
| | - Irvan Irvan
- Centre for Biodiversity Conservation, P.T. Semen Padang Indonesia, Padang, West Sumatera, 25237, Indonesia
| | - Afriwan Afriwan
- Centre for Biodiversity Conservation, P.T. Semen Padang Indonesia, Padang, West Sumatera, 25237, Indonesia
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Rahman MM, Lewis LS, Fangue NA, Connon RE, Hung TC. Effects of Salinity on Fertilization, Hatching, and Larval Performance of Longfin Smelt Spirinchus thaleichthys. AQUACULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 2023:1-11. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/9984382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the spawning and rearing habitats of fishes is critical to effective fisheries management and conservation. Longfin smelt Spirinchus thaleichthys is an imperiled migratory fish that is believed to spawn and rear in habitats of varying salinities; however, optimal conditions for each stage remain unknown. Here, we examined the effects of variation in salinity on egg fertilization, hatch success, and larval growth and survival. Eggs that were fertilized in freshwater (0.4 ppt) exhibited a significantly higher fertilization rate (81%) than those fertilized in brackish water (62% at 5 ppt), with no detectible effects of fish origin or female size. In contrast to fertilization rates, once the eggs were fertilized, their hatching rates were not affected by the fertilization salinity, incubation salinity, nor their interaction; however, hatching success and larval survival both increased with increasing maternal body mass. Larval growth rate appeared to be independent of salinity and maternal size. Taken together, the results indicate that fertilization is possible at a range of salinities, but optimal at lower salinities for longfin smelt; however, embryos and larvae can perform well across a range of salinities. Furthermore, results indicated that larger mothers produced high-quality offspring, a finding that supports the “bigger is better” paradigm in fisheries science and management. These results likely explain, in part, the spawning and rearing behaviors of wild longfin smelt and suggest that the conservation culture program would likely be optimized by utilizing freshwater fertilization and larger females as broodstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Moshiur Rahman
- Fish Conservation and Culture Laboratory, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California Davis, 17501 Byron Highway, Byron, CA 94514, USA
| | - Levi S. Lewis
- Otolith Geochemistry and Fish Ecology Laboratory, Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, 1088 Academic Surge, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Nann A. Fangue
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Richard E. Connon
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Tien-Chieh Hung
- Fish Conservation and Culture Laboratory, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California Davis, 17501 Byron Highway, Byron, CA 94514, USA
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Effects of parental age on offspring growth and survival in both wild and domesticated strains of bighead catfish (Clarias macrocephalus Günther, 1864). AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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