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Jiang X, Wang M, Yang S, He D, Fang F, Yang L. The response of structure and nitrogen removal function of the biofilm on submerged macrophytes to high ammonium in constructed wetlands. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 142:129-141. [PMID: 38527879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The ammonium exceedance discharge from sewage treatment plants has a great risk to the stable operation of subsequent constructed wetlands (CWs). The effects of high ammonium shocks on submerged macrophytes and epiphytic biofilms on the leaves of submerged macrophytes in CWs were rarely mentioned in previous studies. In this paper, the 16S rRNA sequencing method was used to investigate the variation of the microbial communities in biofilms on the leaves of Vallisneria natans plants while the growth characteristics of V. natans plants were measured at different initial ammonium concentrations. The results demonstrated that the total chlorophyll and soluble sugar synthesis of V. natans plants decreased by 51.45% and 57.16%, respectively, and malondialdehyde content increased threefold after 8 days if the initial NH4+-N concentration was more than 5 mg/L. Algal density, bacterial quantity, dissolved oxygen, and pH increased with high ammonium shocks. The average removal efficiencies of total nitrogen and NH4+-N reached 73.26% and 83.94%, respectively. The heat map and relative abundance analysis represented that the relative abundances of phyla Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Bacteroidetes increased. The numbers of autotrophic nitrifiers and heterotrophic nitrification aerobic denitrification (HNAD) bacteria expanded in biofilms. In particular, HNAD bacteria of Flavobacterium, Hydrogenophaga, Acidovorax, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, and Azospira had higher abundances than autotrophic nitrifiers because there were organic matters secreted from declining leaves of V. natans plants. The analysis of the nitrogen metabolic pathway showed aerobic denitrification was the main nitrogen removal pathway. Thus, the nitrification and denitrification bacterial communities increased in epiphytic biofilms on submerged macrophytes in constructed wetlands while submerged macrophytes declined under ammonium shock loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shunqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Di He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fei Fang
- School of Resources and Environment, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, China
| | - Liuyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Chen H, Zhang L, Shen C. Stress Responses and Ammonia Nitrogen Removal Efficiency of Oocystis lacustris in Saline Ammonium-Contaminated Wastewater Treatment. TOXICS 2024; 12:353. [PMID: 38787132 PMCID: PMC11125631 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12050353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The increasing concern over climate change has spurred significant interest in exploring the potential of microalgae for wastewater treatment. Among the various types of industrial wastewaters, high-salinity NH4+-N wastewater stands out as a common challenge. Investigating microalgae's resilience to NH4+-N under high-salinity conditions and their efficacy in NH4+-N utilization is crucial for advancing industrial wastewater microalgae treatment technologies. This study evaluated the effectiveness of employing nitrogen-efficient microalgae, specifically Oocystis lacustris, for NH4+-N removal from saline wastewater. The results revealed Oocystis lacustris's tolerance to a Na2SO4 concentration of 5 g/L. When the Na2SO4 concentration reached 10 g/L, the growth inhibition experienced by Oocystis lacustris began to decrease on the 6th day of cultivation, with significant alleviation observed by the 7th day. Additionally, the toxic mechanism of saline NH4+-N wastewater on Oocystis lacustris was analyzed through various parameters, including chlorophyll-a, soluble protein, oxidative stress indicators, key nitrogen metabolism enzymes, and microscopic observations of algal cells. The results demonstrated that when the Oocystis lacustris was in the stationary growth phase with an initial density of 2 × 107 cells/L, NH4+-N concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 mg/L achieved almost 100% removal of the microalgae on the 1st, 2nd, and 4th days of treatment, respectively. On the other hand, saline NH4+-N wastewater minimally impacted photosynthesis, protein synthesis, and antioxidant systems within algal cells. Additionally, NH4+-N within the cells was assimilated into glutamic acid through glutamate dehydrogenase-mediated pathways besides the conventional pathway involving NH4+-N conversion into glutamine and assimilation amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yili Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Germplasm Resources Mining and Environmental Regulation of Ningbo City, College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Cixi 315302, China;
| | - Lisha Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Chensi Shen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.)
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Jiang X, Wang M, He D, Zhu J, Yang S, Fang F, Yang L. Submerged macrophyte promoted nitrogen removal function of biofilms in constructed wetland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169666. [PMID: 38184255 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Biofilm is one of the important factors affecting nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands (CWs). However, the impact of submerged macrophyte on nitrogen conversion of biofilms on leaf of submerged macrophyte and matrix remains poorly understood. In this study, the CWs with Vallisneria natans and with artificial plant were established to investigate the effects of submerged macrophyte on nitrogen conversion and the composition of nitrogen-converting bacteria in leaf and matrix biofilms under high ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) loading. The 16S rRNA sequencing method was employed to explore the changes in bacterial communities in biofilms in CWs. The results showed that average removal rates of total nitrogen and NH4+-N in CW with V. natans reached 71.38% and 82.08%, respectively, representing increases of 24.19% and 28.79% compared with the control with artificial plant. Scanning electron microscope images indicated that high NH4+-N damaged the leaf cells of V. natans, leading to the cellular content release and subsequent increases of aqueous total organic carbon. However, the specific surface area and carrier function of V. natans were unaffected within 25 days. As a natural source of organic matters, submerged macrophyte provided organic matters for bacterial growth in biofilms. Bacterial composition analysis revealed the predominance of phylum Proteobacteria in CW with V. natans. The numbers of nitrifiers and denitrifiers in leaf biofilms reached 1.66 × 105 cells/g and 1.05 × 107 cells/g, as well as 2.79 × 105 cells/g and 7.41 × 107 cells/g in matrix biofilms, respectively. Submerged macrophyte significantly increased the population of nitrogen-converting bacteria and enhanced the expressions of nitrification genes (amoA and hao) and denitrification genes (napA, nirS and nosZ) in both leaf and matrix biofilms. Therefore, our study emphasized the influence of submerged macrophyte on biofilm functions and provided a scientific basis for nitrogen removal of biofilms in CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Di He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jinling Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shunqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Fei Fang
- School of Resources and Environment, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, PR China
| | - Liuyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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Ma L, Song T, Yu Y, Liu L, Qu M, Zhou S, Meng X, Fan H. Target of rapamycin (TOR) plays a role in regulating ROS-induced chloroplast damage during cucumber (Cucumis sativus) leaf senescence. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14124. [PMID: 38148210 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
In cucumber production, delaying leaf senescence is crucial for improving cucumber yield and quality. Target of rapamycin (TOR) is a highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinase in eukaryotes, which can integrate exogenous and endogenous signals (such as cell energy state levels) to stimulate cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. However, no studies have yet examined the regulatory role of TOR signalling in cucumber leaf senescence. In this study, the effects of TOR signalling on dark-induced cucumber leaf senescence were investigated using the TOR activator MHY1485 and inhibitor AZD8055 combined with transient transformation techniques. The results indicate that TOR responds to dark-induced leaf senescence, and alterations in TOR activity/expression influence cucumber leaf resistance to dark-induced senescence. Specifically, in plants with elevated TOR activity/expression, we observed reduced expression of senescence-related genes, less membrane lipid damage, decreased cell apoptosis, lower levels of reactive oxygen species production, and less damage to the photosynthetic system compared to the control. In contrast, in plants with reduced TOR activity/expression, we observed higher expression of senescence-related genes, increased membrane lipid damage, enhanced cell apoptosis, elevated levels of reactive oxygen species production, and more damage to the photosynthetic system. These comprehensive results underscore the critical role of TOR in regulating dark-induced cucumber leaf senescence. These findings provide a foundation for controlling premature leaf senescence in cucumber production and offer insights for further exploration of leaf senescence mechanisms and the development of more effective control methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Ma
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tiefeng Song
- Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongbo Yu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Linghao Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengqi Qu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiangnan Meng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Biology and Germplasm Enhancement, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiyan Fan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Biology and Germplasm Enhancement, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Ruan Z, Lu M, Lin H, Chen S, Li P, Chen W, Xu H, Qiu D. Different photosynthetic responses of haploid and diploid Emiliania huxleyi (Prymnesiophyceae) to high light and ultraviolet radiation. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2023; 10:40. [PMID: 38647570 PMCID: PMC10991182 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00660-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Solar radiation varies quantitatively and qualitatively while penetrating through the seawater column and thus is one of the most important environmental factors shaping the vertical distribution pattern of phytoplankton. The haploid and diploid life-cycle phases of coccolithophores might have different vertical distribution preferences. Therefore, the two phases respond differently to high solar photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400-700 nm) and ultraviolet radiation (UVR, 280-400 nm). To test this, the haploid and diploid Emiliania huxleyi were exposed to oversaturating irradiance. In the presence of PAR alone, the effective quantum yield was reduced by 10% more due to the higher damage rate of photosystem II in haploid cells than in diploid cells. The addition of UVR resulted in further inhibition of the quantum yield for both haploid and diploid cells in the first 25 min, partly because of the increased damage of photosystem II. Intriguingly, this UVR-induced inhibition of the haploid cells completely recovered half an hour later. This recovery was confirmed by the comparable maximum quantum yields, maximum relative electron transport rates and yields of the haploid cells treated with PAR and PAR + UVR. Our data indicated that photosynthesis of the haploid phase was more sensitive to high visible light than the diploid phase but resistant to UVR-induced inhibition, reflecting the ecological niches to which this species adapts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoxi Ruan
- STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Meifang Lu
- STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongmin Lin
- College of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332005, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shanwen Chen
- STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Li
- STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, Guangdong, China
| | - Weizhou Chen
- STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Huijuan Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China.
| | - Dajun Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, Guangdong, China.
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Jorge MF, da Silva LDB, Silva JBG, Alves DG, Huther CM, Cecchin D, Guerra JGM, Dos Santos LMM, Francisco JP, de Melo ACF, Nascentes AL, Caletti RPK. Biological pilot treatment reduces physicochemical and microbiological parameters of dairy cattle wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:34775-34792. [PMID: 36520290 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24681-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of the present study were to characterize and evaluate a pilot treatment unit (PTU) for dairy cattle wastewater (DCW) in relation to its efficiency in reducing the physicochemical and microbiological parameters and possible application of this fertilizer in organic production. A PTU was set up, composed of the following elements: a dung pit of 7.8 m3, already in place; a septic tank; a set of anaerobic biological filters comprising an upflow filter and a downward-flow filter filled with fragments PVC corrugated conduit; and two constructed wetland systems (CWSs) of horizontal subsurface flow in two parallel routes (Routes 1 and 2), controlled by means of a flow rate divider box. Route 1 passed through CWS 1 cultivated with cattail (Typha domingensis) and Route 2 passed through CWS 2 cultivated with vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides). To evaluate the treatment stages, biweekly investigations were carried out to collect effluent samples. The results of monitoring, in absolute values, were evaluated by means of the medians and variation coefficients and compared by means of Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test followed by the Student Newman Keuls test. The treatment efficiencies of Routes 1 and 2 were calculated. The influence of vetiver on the removal of nutrients from the DCW was analyzed and the productivity estimate (t.ha-1) was performed. CWS 1 was not able to reduce the organic load indices, but it was able to retain fatty material and sodium. CWS 2 showed a reduction in nitrogenous forms and also for other nutrients, achieving the greatest removal of sodium and greatest decay of fecal contamination indicators, thermotolerant coliforms (56.13%), and E. coli (46.82%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Filgueiras Jorge
- Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR 465, Km 07, Seropédica, RJ, 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Duarte Batista da Silva
- Technology and Innovation in Agriculture, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 47, Seropédica, RJ, 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Jonathas Batista Gonçalves Silva
- Department of Environmental and Sanitary Engineering, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Dinara Grasiela Alves
- Engineering Department, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR 465, Km 47, Seropédica, RJ, 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Cristina Moll Huther
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), R. Passo da Pátria, 152, Niterói, RJ, 24210-240, Brazil.
| | - Daiane Cecchin
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), R. Passo da Pátria, 152, Niterói, RJ, 24210-240, Brazil
| | - José Guilherme Marinho Guerra
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) National Agrobiology Research Center, Solos Laboratory, Seropédica, RJ, 23891-000, Brazil
| | | | - João Paulo Francisco
- Department of Agronomic Sciences, State University of Maringá, Estrada da Paca, Umuarama, PR, 87502-970, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Lioi Nascentes
- Technology and Innovation in Agriculture, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 47, Seropédica, RJ, 23890-000, Brazil
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Kong L, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Li H, Wang Z, Si J, Fan S, Feng B. Does energy cost constitute the primary cause of ammonium toxicity in plants? PLANTA 2022; 256:62. [PMID: 35994155 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03971-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) are the main nitrogen (N) sources and key determinants for plant growth and development. In recent decades, NH4+, which is a double-sided N compound, has attracted considerable amounts of attention from researchers. Elucidating the mechanisms of NH4+ toxicity and exploring the means to overcome this toxicity are necessary to improve agricultural sustainability. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge concerning the energy consumption and production underlying NH4+ metabolism and toxicity in plants, such as N uptake; assimilation; cellular pH homeostasis; and functions of the plasma membrane (PM), vacuolar H+-ATPase and H+-pyrophosphatase (H+-PPase). We also discuss whether the overconsumption of energy is the primary cause of NH4+ toxicity or constitutes a fundamental strategy for plants to adapt to high-NH4+ stress. In addition, the effects of regulators on energy production and consumption and other physiological processes are listed for evaluating the possibility of high energy costs associated with NH4+ toxicity. This review is helpful for exploring the tolerance mechanisms and for developing NH4+-tolerant varieties as well as agronomic techniques to alleviate the effects of NH4+ stress in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingan Kong
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongyebei Road, Jinan, 250100, China
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yunxiu Zhang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongyebei Road, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongyebei Road, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Huawei Li
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongyebei Road, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Zongshuai Wang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongyebei Road, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jisheng Si
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongyebei Road, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Shoujin Fan
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Bo Feng
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongyebei Road, Jinan, 250100, China.
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Yu Q, Wang H, Wang H, Xu C, Liu M, Ma Y, Li Y, Ma S, Hamilton DP, Jeppesen E. Effects of High Ammonium Loading on Two Submersed Macrophytes of Different Growth Form Based on an 18-Month Pond Experiment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:939589. [PMID: 35909745 PMCID: PMC9330597 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.939589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium (NH4-N) produces a paradoxical effect on submersed macrophytes because it is not only the preferred nitrogen source for the growth of plants but also threatens the growth of plants at high concentration. Whether short-term and small-scale physiological toxicity experiments at an individual level can reflect the effects of high ammonium on populations of submersed macrophytes in natural conditions is still unclear. In this study, an 18-month experiment was conducted in six 600 m2 ponds subjected to different levels of ammonium loading. The effects of high ammonium on populations of canopy-forming Myriophyllum spicatum and rosette-forming Vallisneria natans were explored. The results showed that M. spicatum and V. natans populations can develop high cover and height at high ammonium concentration (7 mg/L) at short-term exposures, and V. natans may be tolerant to 18 mg/L ammonium concentration. However, the cover of M. spicatum and the height of both species were inhibited at 2.4 mg/L at long-term exposures. The height of M. spicatum was two to six times higher than that of V. natans across all treatments and control by the end of the experiment, and the cover of M. spicatum was 7-11 times higher than that of V. natans in most NH4-N loading treatments, except the cover of M. spicatum in the highest NH4-N loading treatment with 18 mg/L NH4-N. The rosette-forming V. natans resists ammonium stress by slow growth (shoot elongation) to reduce consumption, while canopy-forming species resist ammonium stress by shoot elongation and canopy development to capture light. Although increasing ammonium concentration may induce severe stress on M. spicatum, the morphological characteristics of this species may, to some extent, release the plants from this stress. Our present study indicates that the negative effects of ammonium stress on the development of populations increased with exposure duration, and the submersed macrophyte community with stronger ability for light capture and dispersal may resist high ammonium stress. Nevertheless, in strongly ammonium-enriched systems, competition and succession cannot be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Hongzhu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Miao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuonan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - David P. Hamilton
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Department of Ecoscience, WATEC, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, China
- Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
- Centre for Ecosystem Research and Implementation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Erdemli, Turkey
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9
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Kaya C, Sarıoglu A, Ashraf M, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad P. The combined supplementation of melatonin and salicylic acid effectively detoxifies arsenic toxicity by modulating phytochelatins and nitrogen metabolism in pepper plants. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 297:118727. [PMID: 34973379 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of the study was to assess if joint application of melatonin (MT, 0.1 mM) and salicylic acid (SA 0.5 mM) could improve tolerance of pepper plants to arsenic (As) as sodium hydrogen arsenate heptahydrate (0.05 mM). The imposition of arsenic stress led to accumulation of As in roots and leaves, and increased contents of leaf proline, phytochelatins, malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2, but it reduced plant biomass, chlorophylls (Chl), PSII maximum efficiency (Fv/Fm) and leaf water potential. Melatonin and SA applied jointly or alone enhanced nitrogen metabolism by triggering the activities of glutamate synthase, glutamine synthetase, and nitrite reductases and nitrate. In comparison with a single treatment of MT or SA, the joint treatment of MT and SA had better impact on enhancing growth and key biological events and decreasing tissue As content. This clearly shows a cooperative function of both agents in enhancing tolerance to As-toxicity in pepper plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Kaya
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Ali Sarıoglu
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Yang D, Zhao J, Bi C, Li L, Wang Z. Transcriptome and Proteomics Analysis of Wheat Seedling Roots Reveals That Increasing NH 4 +/NO 3 - Ratio Induced Root Lignification and Reduced Nitrogen Utilization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:797260. [PMID: 35095967 PMCID: PMC8792948 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.797260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wheat growth and nitrogen (N) uptake gradually decrease in response to high NH4 +/NO3 - ratio. However, the mechanisms underlying the response of wheat seedling roots to changes in NH4 +/NO3 - ratio remain unclear. In this study, we investigated wheat growth, transcriptome, and proteome profiles of roots in response to increasing NH4 +/NO3 - ratios (N a : 100/0; N r1: 75/25, N r2: 50/50, N r3: 25/75, and N n : 0/100). High NH4 +/NO3 - ratio significantly reduced leaf relative chlorophyll content, Fv/Fm, and ΦII values. Both total root length and specific root length decreased with increasing NH4 +/NO3 - ratios. Moreover, the rise in NH4 +/NO3 - ratio significantly promoted O2 - production. Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing and tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteome analyses identified 14,376 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 1,819 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis indicated that glutathione metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were the main two shared enriched pathways across ratio comparisons. Upregulated DEGs and DEPs involving glutathione S-transferases may contribute to the prevention of oxidative stress. An increment in the NH4 +/NO3 - ratio induced the expression of genes and proteins involved in lignin biosynthesis, which increased root lignin content. Additionally, phylogenetic tree analysis showed that both A0A3B6NPP6 and A0A3B6LM09 belong to the cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase subfamily. Fifteen downregulated DEGs were identified as high-affinity nitrate transporters or nitrate transporters. Upregulated TraesCS3D02G344800 and TraesCS3A02G350800 were involved in ammonium transport. Downregulated A0A3B6Q9B3 is involved in nitrate transport, whereas A0A3B6PQS3 is a ferredoxin-nitrite reductase. This may explain why an increase in the NH4 +/NO3 - ratio significantly reduced root NO3 --N content but increased NH4 +-N content. Overall, these results demonstrated that increasing the NH4 +/NO3 - ratio at the seedling stage induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which in turn enhanced root glutathione metabolism and lignification, thereby resulting in increased root oxidative tolerance at the cost of reducing nitrate transport and utilization, which reduced leaf photosynthetic capacity and, ultimately, plant biomass accumulation.
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Interactive Effects of Light and Nitrogen on Pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.) Growth and Soil Enzyme Activity in an Underground Environment. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10111772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Light conditions and nitrogen fertilizer are crucial for plant growth, especially in the underground situations without sunlight and nitrogen deposition. In this paper, the effects of photoperiod (12 h and 16 h lighting time per day), light intensity (200, 300 and 400 μmol m−2 s−1) and nitrogen addition (0, 0.15, 0.3 and 0.45 g N kg−1 soil) on pakchoi growth and specific soil enzyme activity were investigated. The results demonstrated that there were strong interactive effects of light intensity and nitrogen addition on plant yield. The plant yield changed parabolically with increasing nitrogen addition when a light intensity was given between 200 and 300 μmol m−2 s−1, while the yield decreased linearly with increasing nitrogen application under the light intensity of 400 μmol m−2 s−1. The combination of 16 h photoperiod, 300 μmol m−2 s−1 light intensity and 0.3 g N kg−1 soil nitrogen addition was the best for pakchoi growth. The investigation of soil enzyme showed that the activity of urease responded negatively to nitrogen addition, whereas the activity of phosphatase had positive correlation with light intensity but was not affected by nitrogen addition. Our results suggested that the toxic effect of excessive nitrogen was a better explanation for the interactive effects of light and nitrogen than the plant-microbe interaction framework. The critical toxicity level of nitrogen for pakchoi was determined and showed negative correlation with light intensity.
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