Effect of functional groups of polystyrene nanoplastics on the neurodevelopmental toxicity of acrylamide in the early life stage of zebrafish

Synergistic Toxicity of Combined Exposure to Acrylamide and Polystyrene Nanoplastics on the Gut-Liver Axis in Mice

Acrylamide (AA) and nanoplastics (NPs) are common food toxicants. However, their combined toxicity and health risks call for further studies. This study aimed to investigate the combined toxicity of AA and polystyrene NPs (PS-NPs) in mice through drinking water exposure. Co-exposure to AA and PS-NPs aggravated colon and liver damage, including more severe inflammatory infiltration, higher levels of colonic and hepatic pro-inflammatory cytokines, and elevated serum content of lipopolysaccharide and activities of diamine oxidase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase compared to single exposures. Co-exposure also significantly downregulated the expression of colonic tight-junction genes ZO-1 and Claudin-5. Metabolomics revealed that co-exposure induced more profound metabolic disorders in the liver, particularly affecting amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism. 16S amplicon sequencing showed that co-exposure caused more drastic gut microbiota dysbiosis, characterized by a decrease in beneficial bacteria (unclassified_f__Oscillospiraceae, Roseburia, UCG-005, Ruminiclostridium, unclassified_o__Clostridia_UCG-014, Fournierella, and Acetatifactor) and an increase in pathogenic bacteria (Eubacterium_xylanophilum_group and Eubacterium_nodatum_group). Correlation analysis indicated a negative correlation between beneficial bacteria and intestinal-liver toxicity indicators and a positive correlation between pathogenic bacteria and these indicators. Overall, our findings showed that AA and PS-NPs exerted synergistic toxicity to the gut-liver axis in mammals, highlighting the higher health risks of their combined ingestion.

New Progress in Zebrafish Liver Tumor Models: Techniques and Applications in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Research

Liver tumors represent a serious clinical health problem that threatens human life. Previous studies have demonstrated that the pathogenesis of liver tumors is complex and influenced by various factors, highlighting limitations in both basic pathological research and clinical treatment. Traditional research methods often begin with the discovery of phenomena and gradually progress to the development of animal models and human trials. Among these, liver tumor animal models play a critical role in advancing related research. The zebrafish liver closely resembles the human liver in structure, function, and regenerative capacity. Additionally, the high transparency and rapid development of zebrafish embryos and larvae make them ideal model organisms for studying liver tumors. This review systematically summarizes recent methods for constructing zebrafish liver tumor models, including transplantation, transgenesis, induction, and gene knockout. Furthermore, the present paper explores the applications of these models in the study of liver cancer pathogenesis, metastasis, the tumor microenvironment, drug screening, and other related areas. By comparing the advantages and limitations of various models and integrating their distinct characteristics, this review provides insights for developing a novel liver tumor model that better aligns with clinical needs. This approach will offer valuable reference information for further in-depth studies of the pathological mechanisms of liver tumors and the development of new therapeutic drugs or strategies.