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Raimalani J, Kotadiya R. Separation and quantification of azelnidipine and chlorthalidone in a synthetic mixture using optimized HPTLC method. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2024; 82:53-63. [PMID: 37541616 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A simple, accurate, and reliable high-performance thin-layer chromatographic technique has been developed and validated for the simultaneous quantitation of azelnidipine and chlorthalidone in bulk and synthetic mixtures. MATERIAL AND METHODS The procedure was carried out using a precoated silica gel 60 F254 TLC plate with a mobile phase of chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol in the ratio of 6.5:3.5:0.6 (by volume). Thin-layer chromatographic densitometry at 240nm was used to quantify medicines chromatographically. RESULTS Over concentration ranges of 250.0 to 1000.0ng/band for chlorthalidone and 160.0 to 640.0ng/band for azelnidipine, the high-performance thin-layer chromatography technique was quantitated. This technique produced a tight and well-resolved band at retention factors of 0.67±0.02 and 0.24±0.02 for azelnidipine and chlorthalidone, respectively. Data from a linear regression study calibrating this method revealed a strong linear correlation between the two approaches, with regression coefficients of r2>0.99 for both. According to The International Conference for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use requirements, the procedures were validated for precision, robustness, accuracy, and specificity. CONCLUSION The developed method was also used to simultaneously estimate azelnidipine and chlorthalidone in a synthetic mixture. The results were found to be in exemplary % assay with label claims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhi Raimalani
- Department of Quality assurance, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, CHARUSAT Campus, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), 388421 Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajendra Kotadiya
- Department of Quality assurance, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, CHARUSAT Campus, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), 388421 Anand, Gujarat, India.
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Chanduluru HK, Sugumaran A, Kannaiah KP. Multiple spectrophotometric determinations of Chlorthalidone and Cilnidipine using propylene carbonate - As a step towards greenness. Anal Biochem 2022; 657:114890. [PMID: 36096183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Analyzing a drug based on its overlapping spectra requires the use of sophisticated equipment and more hazardous solvents, which is detrimental to ecological sustainability. There is a critical need to create a simple, unique, and cost-effective approach for detecting a mixture of compounds in a safer environment. The aim was to develop an eco-friendly, stability-indicating assay method to determine Chlorthalidone (CLD) and Cilnidipine (CIL) in bulk and tablet dosage form using four different Ultra-Violet (UV) spectrophotometric methods. The ratio difference method showed absorbance peaks at 256.01 nm, 220.87 nm, first ratio difference spectra at 267.21 nm, 288.03 nm, and second ratio difference spectra at 309.2 nm, 280.03 nm. The area under curve techniques showed an absorbance range of around 224-232 nm for CIL and 218-227 nm for CLD. Further, the spectral changes have been assessed at various conditions like acid, base, oxidation, and UV radiation, and it has been found that CLD tends to lose its spectral property by more than 45%. The method developed for two drugs has obeyed Beers law with the selected concentration range of 7-13 μg/mL for CLD and 8.75-16.25 μg/mL for CIL. The developed method was finally evaluated using four tools, and the results showed green pictographically representation in the GAPI and score near to 100 for AES and closer to 1 for AGREE indicated that the method was found to be most eco-friendly. The findings were easy to replicate, adoptive with major regulatory requirements, environmentally friendly, fast, and inexpensive to perform. This approach does not require any specific expensive equipment, and it might be inexpensive to use in the future to assess laboratory and commercial mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abimanyu Sugumaran
- SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, India.
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Chaudhari SR, Shirkhedkar AA. Exploration of 1, 2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate derivatizing reagent for determination of chlorthalidone in tablets: a spectrophotometric investigation. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00180-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Chlorthalidone is a diuretic medicinal agent used to treat hypertension. Lowering hypertension results in the prevention of strokes, heart attacks and kidney-related problems.
Results
In this work, the spectrophotometric investigation was employed to examine the reaction between chlorthalidone and 1, 2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate. A reaction is performed at the alkaline environment (pH 9.2) and heated at a moderate temperature of 60 ± 1 °C using a water bath. The red colour product was produced, and it displayed a maximum absorbance at 440.50 nm. Further, the advancement of response conditions was explored by UV/visible spectrophotometer. The stoichiometric of the reaction was considered by using Job’s plot and the reaction mechanism of the proposed work was drawn. The established approach obeyed the calibration curve in the concentration range of 2–12 μg/mL with a regression coefficient superior to 0.994. The accuracy of the method, assessed by employing the % recovery, was in the range of 99.06–99.60% with the % relative standard deviation being less than 2%. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.58 μg/mL and 1.72 μg/mL, respectively.
Conclusion
A UV/visible spectrophotometric investigation for the analysis of the chlorthalidone in the tablet matrix was successfully established and validated. The established investigation was found to be simple and accurate, and because of its ease of use, the proposed strategy could be applied for quality control investigation of chlorthalidone in pharmaceutical matrices.
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Prajapati P, Patel M, Shah S. A robust high-performance thin-layer chromatography method for the simultaneous estimation of chlorthalidone and metoprolol succinate using quality risk assessment and design of experiments-based enhanced analytical quality by design approach. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00764-021-00107-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Badshah SF, Akhtar N, Minhas MU, Khan KU, Khan S, Abdullah O, Naeem A. Porous and highly responsive cross-linked β-cyclodextrin based nanomatrices for improvement in drug dissolution and absorption. Life Sci 2020; 267:118931. [PMID: 33359243 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Aim of the study was to enhance the solubility of Chlorthalidone by developing beta-cyclodextrin cross-linked hydrophilic nanomatrices. MAIN METHODS Nine different formulations were fabricated by free radical polymerization technique. All formulations were characterized through different studies. FTIR spectroscopy of unloaded and loaded nanomatrices was processed to determine compatibility of constituents and that of the drug with the system. Surface morphology of the nanomatrices was studied by SEM. The size of the optimized formulation was determined by zeta sizer. Swelling, in-vitro release and solubility studies were carried out in different media and results of in-vitro release profiles of nanomatrices and commercially available tablet of Chlorthalidone were compared. For determination of biocompatibility, toxicity studies were proclaimed in rabbits. KEY FINDINGS Main peaks of corresponding functional groups of individual constituents and that of drug were depicted in FTIR spectra of unloaded and loaded nanomatrices. Porous and fluffy structure was visualized through SEM images. Particle size of the optimized formulation was in the range of 175 ± 5.27 nm. Percent loading of optimized formulation showed the best result. Comparing the in-vitro drug release profiles of nanomatrices and commercially available tablet, the results of the synthesized nanomatrices were quite satisfactory. Solubility profiles were also high as compared to the drug alone. Moreover, toxicity studies confirmed that nanomatrices were biocompatible and no sign of any toxic effect was found. SIGNIFICANCE We concluded that our developed nanomatrices had successfully enhanced the solubility of Chlorthalidone and can also be used for other poorly aqueous soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Faisal Badshah
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, the Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Akhtar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, the Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman Minhas
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, University Road Sargodha City, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Kifayat Ullah Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, the Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Samiullah Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Gujrat Campus, Pakistan
| | - Orva Abdullah
- Hamdard Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hamdard University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abid Naeem
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
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Elkady EF, Fouad MA, Faquih AAE. A Versatile Stability-indicating Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Atenolol, Hydrochlorothiazide and Chlorthalidone. CURR PHARM ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412915666190523122525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Atenolol is a selective beta 1 blocker that can be used alone or in combination
with hydrochlorothiazide or with chlorthalidone for the treatment of hypertension and prevention from a
heart attack.
Objective:
The main target of this work was to improve modern, easy, accurate and selective liquid
chromatographic method (RP-HPLC) for the determination of these drugs in the presence of their degradation
products. These methods can be used as analytical gadgets in quality control laboratories for a
routine examination.
Methods:
In this method, the separation was accomplished through an Inertsil® ODS-3V C18 column
(250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μm), the mobile phase used was 25 mM aqueous potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate
solution adjusted to pH 6.8 by using 0.1M sodium hydroxide and acetonitrile (77 : 23, v/v),
the flow rate used was 1 ml/min and detection was achieved at 235 nm using UV.
Results:
All peaks were sharp and well separated, the retention times were atenolol degradation (ATN
Deg.) 2.311 min, atenolol (ATN) 2.580 min, hydrochlorothiazide degradation (HCT Deg.) 5.890 min,
hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) 7.016 min, chlorthalidone degradation CTD Deg 8.018 min and chlorthalidone
(CTD) 14.972 min. Linearity was obtained and the range of concentrations was 20- 160 μg/ml for
atenolol, 10-80 μg/ml for hydrochlorothiazide and 10-80 μg/ml for chlorthalidone. According to ICH
guidelines, method validation was accomplished, these methods include linearity, accuracy, selectivity,
precision and robustness.
Conclusion:
The optimized method demonstrated to be specific, robust and accurate for the quality
control of the cited drugs in pharmaceutical dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Farouk Elkady
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Marwa Ahmed Fouad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Abdulgabar A. Ezzy Faquih
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, Hodeida University, Hodeida, Yemen
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Jagadeesh K, Annapurna N. Stability Indicating Method to Analyze Benidipine and Chlorthalidone Using HPLC Technique: Establishment, Validation and Application to Tablets. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.34172/ps.2019.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
: The combination of chlorthalidone and benidipine was used to manage hypertension. The mixture of chlorthalidone and benidipine in tablet dosage form has not been previously determined by any method. A stability indicating HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of benidipine and chlorthalidone in bulk and tablets. Methods: Chromatographic separation was accomplished in a reverse phase system using an isocratic elution with a mobile phase composed of methanol-0.1M dipotassium hydrogen phosphate buffer (40:60, v/v), at 1 ml/min flow rate. The photodiode array (PDA) detector set at 260 nm was used to detect and quantify benidipine and chlorthalidone. Benidipine and chlorthalidone tablet samples were subjected to degradation under acid, neutral, alkali, thermal, photo and oxidative. The proposed method was effectively adapted to quantify benidipine and chlorthalidone in the combined tablet formulation. Results: The elution times for benidipine and chlorthalidone were approximately 4.573 min and 6.422 min, respectively. The method was validated within a concentration range of 2 - 6 μg/ml (R2 = 0.9997) for benidipine and 6.25 - 18.75 μg/ml (R2 = 0.9998) for chlorthalidone. Adequate results were obtained for precision (RSD% = 0.106% for benidipine and RSD% = 0.031% for chlorthalidone) and accuracy (99.95 - 100.25 % mean recovery for benidipine and 99.60 - 99.63% mean recovery for chlorthalidone). Robustness has also been found to be acceptable. During the degradation study, interference was not noticed in the analysis of studied drugs. Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that the method could be useful for determination of the selected drug combination in routine analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadali Jagadeesh
- Basic Science Department, Shri Vishnu Engineering College for Women, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India- 534201
- Department of Engineering Chemistry, AU College of Engineering (A), Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India -530003
| | - Nowduri Annapurna
- Department of Engineering Chemistry, AU College of Engineering (A), Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India -530003
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Sversut RA, Alcântara IC, Rosa AM, Baroni AC, Rodrigues PO, Singh AK, Amaral MS, Kassab NM. Simultaneous determination of gatifloxacin and prednisolone acetate in ophthalmic formulation using first-order UV derivative spectroscopy. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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