Amelioration of oxidative stress, inflammation and tumor promotion by Tin oxide-Sodium alginate-Polyethylene glycol-Allyl isothiocyanate nanocomposites on the 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine induced colon carcinogenesis in rats

Exploring the astonishing beneficial effects of round gourd (Praecitrullus fistulosus) and plant lectins towards cancer: A comprehensive review

Praecitrullus fistulosus, commonly known as round gourd or tinda, is a remarkable source of bioactive substances like polyphenols, antioxidants, carotene, magnesium, and vitamin C. It is considered one of the Cucurbitaceae family due to its medicinal features. Plant lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that can bind and identify the carbohydrate moieties upon cancerous cells demonstrated some anticancer potentials. Several plant lectins are helpful as cancer biomarkers because they can find cancer cells and contribute to cell death initiation via apoptosis and autophagy, suggesting the possible role of cancer-inhibiting pathways. Therefore, round gourd and lectins might be useful in the controlling of cancer. This study compiled the most recent scientific literature regarding the round gourd and numerous plant lectins, and the clinical trials of lectins exploring their effects on cancer were examined. Research according to the literature, round gourd, and lectins demonstrated pharmacological alterations not only in cancer but in many other disorders as well. Thus, clinical investigations proved the beneficial impacts of round gourd and lectins on cancer due to their antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic properties. Further studies are required to fully comprehend the potential applications of these plant-derived compounds against cancer, as well as to identify the round gourd components and clarify their mode of action.

Ginger mitigated the health risks associated with arsenic-contamination of rats feed via inflammatory and apoptosis regulation

Millions of people around the world are inadvertently exposed to arsenic through drinking water and food. However, food spices possess antioxidants and anti-inflammatory potentials. Therefore, this study evaluated the protective potentials of Zingiber officinale (ginger) against the toxic effects of arsenic in male Wistar rats. Thirty-six Wistar rats were assigned into 6 groups (n = 6); group A1 and A2 (control), group B1 and B2 were fed with arsenic-contaminated feed (3.45x10-3 mg/kg), group C1 and C2 were feed with arsenic-contaminated feed (3.45x10-3 mg) supplemented with ginger respectively for 12 and 24 weeks. The blood, bone marrow, and liver of rats were harvested and prepared for various analyses. Micronucleus and Comet analysis were performed for the genotoxicity assessment every 4 weeks. Activities of AST, ALT, GGT, and SOD, and the concentration of GSH, MDA, protein carbonyl, protein thiol, and total protein, were measured by spectrophotometric methods. Quantification of IL-10, 1 L-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β NF-Ƙβ, and 8-oxodeoxyguanosine was done by ELISA method while Bax, Bcl2, and Erk 1/2 were quantified by immuno-histochemical staining. mRNA expression of cyclin D1 was quantified using qRT-PCR. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS and statistical significance was accepted when p<0.05. Result showed significant (p<0.05) decrease in the haemoglobin concentration, red blood cell, lymphocyte counts, tail DNA and MnPCE of rats fed arsenic-contaminated feed compared with control. The supplementation with ginger significantly reduced serum activities of AST and GGT (p<0.05). Ginger supplementation also lowered the arsenic indued increases in liver MDA, protein carbonyl and 8-OXdG levels. Ginger restores to near normal the histological changes due to arsenic exposure. In the arsenic-exposed group, liver IL-10, IL-1β and TNF-α decreased significantly (p<0.05) at week 24 whereas, NF-Ƙβ and TGF-β increased significantly (p 0.05) at weeks 12 and 24 and TNF-α, Bcl2 at week 24. mRNA expression of cyclin D1 was significantly (p<0.05) downregulated in the arsenic and ginger-supplemented groups. This study showed that long-term consumption of arsenic resulted in immunosuppression, anaemia and activated anti-apoptotic process that was mitigated due to ginger supplementation.

Nanocomposites of iron oxide, sodium alginate, and eugenol induce apoptosis via PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in Hep3 cells and in vivo hepatotoxicity in the zebrafish model

Hepatic cancer is among the most recurrently detected malignancies worldwide and one of the main contributors to cancer-associated mortality. With few available therapeutic choices, there is an instant necessity to explore suitable options. In this aspect, Nanotechnology has been employed to explore prospective chemotherapeutic approaches, especially for cancer treatment. Nanotechnology is concerned with the biological and physical properties of nanoparticles in the therapeutic use of drugs. In the current work, formulation, and characterization of α-Fe2O3-Sodium Alginate-Eugenol nanocomposites (FSE NCs) using several approaches like SEM and TEM, UV-visible, FTIR, and PL spectroscopy, XRD, EDAX, and DLS studies have been performed. With an average size of 50 nm, the rhombohedral structure of NCs was identified. Further, their anticancer activity against Hep3B liver cancer cell lines has been performed by cell viability, dual staining, DCFH-DA, Annexin-V/-FITC/PI, cell cycle analysis methods, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling proteins were studied to assess the anticancer effects of the NCs in Hep3B cells. Also, anti-cancer activity on animal modeling in-vivo using zebra fishes to hematological parameters, liver enzymes, and histopathology study effectiveness was noticed. Moreover, the NCs reduced the viability, elevated the ROS accumulation, diminished the membrane integrity, reduced the antioxidants, blocked the cell cycle, and triggered the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling axis that eventually resulted in cell death. As a result, FSE NCs possess huge potential for use as a possible anticancer candidate.

In Vitro and In Vivo Antioxidant and Anticancer Potentials of Royal Jelly for Dimethylhydrazine-Induced Colorectal Cancer in Wistar Rats

Methods

This study was conducted among 60 rats, and groups consist of control, three separate groups for RJ, dimethylhydrazine (DMH), and vitamin E, and two separate treated groups with DMH + RJ and DMH + vitamin E. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of royal jelly was examined on HT-29 cell line. Findings. Based on the in vitro assessment using MTT assay, the LC50 of royal jelly was 1.781 mg/ml, and the highest cytotoxicity was observed at 25 mg/ml concentration after 48 hours. Meanwhile, in the in vivo study, after the 13th week, compared to the DMH group, the rats exposed to DMH + royal jelly experienced a significant less oxidative stress (P < 0.05) and a significantly greater total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level (P < 0.05). The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) proteins significantly decreased among the animals receiving DMH + royal jelly compared to the DMH group. The pathological examinations revealed less congestion, necrosis, inflammation, and cell proliferation in the colon tissue of the RJ-treated group than that of the DMH group. Overall, the biochemical indices were better in the treatment groups in comparison with the DMH group.

Conclusion

The results represented the clinical usability of royal jelly, as a substance with anticancer properties, to prevent and treat colorectal cancer. This issue is related to its effective antioxidant potential, which even exhibits more effectiveness than the vitamin E, which is known as a strong antioxidant.