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Liu J, Wang P, Huang H, Xie X, Lin J, Zheng Y, Han L, Han X, Zhang D. Study on the mechanism of natural polysaccharides on the deastringent effect of Triphala extract. Food Chem 2024; 441:138340. [PMID: 38176146 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
This present study investigated the masking effect of high methoxyl pectin, xanthan gum, and gum Arabic on the astringency of the traditional herbal formula Triphala and further examined the mechanism of polysaccharide reducing astringency. Results of sensory evaluation and electronic tongue illustrated that 0.6 % pectin, 0.3 % xanthan gum, and 2 % gum Arabic had a substantial deastringent effect. The polyphenols in Triphala are basically hydrolysable tannins, which with high degree of gallic acylation may be the main astringent component of Triphala. Moreover, the three polysaccharides can combine with β-casein through CO and NH groups to form soluble binary complexes and decrease the secondary structure of β-casein. When polysaccharides were added to the Triphala-protein system, polyphenol-protein precipitation was also diminished, and they were capable of forming soluble ternary complexes. Consequently, the competition between polysaccharides and polyphenols for binding salivary proteins and the formation of ternary complexes help decrease the astringency of Triphala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Pinhu Wang
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Haozhou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | | | - Junzhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Youde Zheng
- Sanajon Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xue Han
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Innovative Re-development of Famous Classical Formulas, Tianfu TCM Innovation Harbour, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611930, China.
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Lin J, Li M, Pei Z, Zhang Y, Yu Q, Zhong J, Han L, Zhang D, Huang H. Study on the white frost formation mechanism during storage of Phyllanthus emblica Linn. fruit based on component analysis and spatial metabolomics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 241:115960. [PMID: 38237545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The Phyllanthus emblica Linn. fruit (PEF) is a well-known medicinal and food homologous item in tropical Southeast Asian. During the drying and storing processes, some PEF will grow white frost on its surface, which is typically taken as a sign of greater quality. However, the material basis and formation mechanism of white frost on PEF surfaces are currently unclear, and there is no sufficient evidence to support the correlation between white frost on PEF surfaces and their quality. In this paper, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to study the differences in active ingredient content of PEF medicinal materials with and without frost. The microstructure and elemental composition of white frost were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to analysis the main functional groups in white frost. The ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) combined with UNIFI database, EDS and FT-IR results, and reference materials were used to identify the chemical composition of white frost. The exocarp of PEF before and after drying and storage was analyzed by spatial metabolomics using desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry imaging system to reveal the formation mechanism of white frost on the surface of PEF. The results found that the PEF with frost have higher levels of active ingredients than those without frost. EDS and FT-IR results show that white frost is mainly composed of C, O, K elements, and contains a large number of phenolic hydroxyl, carboxyl etc. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS results found that the main components of white frost were organic acids, fatty acids, and tannins, including quality markers such as gallic acid and ellagic acid etc. Spatial metabolomics research found that the white frost formation mechanism mainly involved in the ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, cutin, suberin and wax biosynthesis, citrate cycle (TCA cycle) and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid. This study reveals the material basis, formation mechanism, and relationship between the surface white frost of PEF and the quality of medicinal materials, providing valuable information for the quality evaluation of PEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Mengqi Li
- Pharmacy department, Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Zhaoqing Pei
- Tianfu TCM Innovation Harbour, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pengzhou 611930, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jingping Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- Tianfu TCM Innovation Harbour, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pengzhou 611930, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Haozhou Huang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy and Meishan Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Zhang L, Lin L, Hu Y, Wu D, Zhang Z, Chen C, Wang L, Li J. Debittering of Emblica ( Phyllanthus emblica L.) fruit powder: Preparation and biological activity. Food Chem X 2024; 21:100853. [PMID: 38282828 PMCID: PMC10818184 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Emblica, also known as Phyllanthus emblica L., is a drug homologous food that is rich in polyphenols with various biological activities. However, its bitterness and astringency pose a significant challenge to its utilization in food products. In this study, we aimed to identify the optimal conditions for debittering Emblica. Our findings revealed that the best debittering conditions were: temperature = 50 °C, pH = 4, α-l-rhamnosidase concentration 200 U/g, and time = 5 h. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and molecular docking analysis revealed that enzymatic hydrolysis partially removed bitterness compounds. The results of antioxidant activity, xanthine oxidase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity assays confirmed that the Emblica fruit powder still exhibited good biological activity after enzymatic debitterization. Moreover, gastric fluids treatment might contribute to the above enhancing effect of enzymatic hydrolysates of Emblica. This study provided a theoretical basis for promoting the processing and utilization of Emblica fruit powder, as well as understanding its biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Zhang
- College of Marine Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Liting Lin
- College of Marine Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yunxuan Hu
- College of Marine Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Dazhou Xinyan (Xiamen) Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Daren Wu
- College of Marine Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zhengxiao Zhang
- College of Marine Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Chaoxiang Chen
- College of Marine Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Marine Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Marine Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Xiamen 361021, China
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Zhang D, Deng X, Li M, Qiu M, Zhang Y, Li G, Jiang Y, Tan P, Fan S, Zheng Y, Lin J, Han L, Huang H. Thermal treatment enhances the resisting exercise fatigue effect of Phyllanthus emblica L.: novel evidence from tannin conversion in vitro, metabolomics, and gut microbiota community analysis. Chin Med 2023; 18:127. [PMID: 37779204 PMCID: PMC10544184 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00835-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are the main component of Phyllanthus emblica (PE). However, polyphenols are so easy to transform that it is unknown that how drying methods driven by heating affect the anti-fatigue effect of PE. This manuscript investigated the effects of five drying methods on the chemical composition transformation and anti-fatigue of PE, and discussed the action mechanism. The results suggested that the anti-fatigue effect of PE with hot-air-dried at 100 °C was the best, which was as 1.63 times as that with freeze-drying. Ellagic acid (EA) may be a key component of PE in anti-fatigue, and its mechanism of action may be related to regulating intestinal microbiota, protecting mitochondria, and regulating energy metabolism. This study first revealed the thermal transformation of polyphenols in PE, found the most effective strategy for enhancing the anti-fatigue function, and explores its action mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Mengqi Li
- Pharmacy Department, Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, Chengdu, 610100, China
| | - Min Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Gefei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yurou Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Peng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Sanhu Fan
- Sanajon Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Youde Zheng
- Sanajon Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Junzhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Haozhou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
- Meishan Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Meishan, 620010, China.
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Li G, Yu Q, Li M, Zhang D, Yu J, Yu X, Xia C, Lin J, Han L, Huang H. Phyllanthus emblica fruits: a polyphenol-rich fruit with potential benefits for oral management. Food Funct 2023; 14:7738-7759. [PMID: 37529983 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01671d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The fruit of Phyllanthus emblica Linn., which mainly grows in tropical and subtropical regions, is well-known for its medicine and food homology properties. It has a distinctive flavor, great nutritional content, and potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and immunoregulatory effects. According to an increasing amount of scientific and clinical evidence, this fruit shows significant potential for application and development in the field of oral health management. Through the supplementation of vitamins, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and other nutrients reduce virulence expression of various oral pathogens, prevent tissue and mucosal damage caused by oxidative stress, etc. Phyllanthus emblica fruit can promote saliva secretion, regulate the balance of the oral microecology, prevent and treat oral cancer early, promote alveolar bone remodeling and aid mucosal wound healing. Thus, it plays a specific role in the prevention and treatment of common oral disorders, producing surprising results. For instance, enhancing the effectiveness of scaling and root planing in the treatment of periodontitis, relieving mucosal inflammation caused by radiotherapy for oral cancer, and regulating the blood glucose metabolism to alleviate oral discomfort. Herein, we systematically review the latest research on the use of Phyllanthus emblica fruit in the management of oral health and examine the challenges and future research directions based on its chemical composition and characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gefei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Qiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Mengqi Li
- Pharmacy department, Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Ji Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Xiaohan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Chenxi Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Junzhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China.
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Haozhou Huang
- State key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
- Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan, 620010, China
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Li G, Jiang Y, Zhang D, Han L, Mo T, Fan S, Huang H, Lin J. Phyllanthi Fructus: A modal medicinal and food homologous item in quality evaluation. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2023; 15:360-368. [PMID: 37538854 PMCID: PMC10394321 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phyllanthi Fructus is a highly unique medicine and food homologous item, which exhibits distinctive flavor, notable nutritional value, and abundant pharmacological activity. It has enormous potential in the creation of health products and pharmaceuticals. However, due to the unique laws of quality formation and transfer of Phyllanthi Fructus, its appearance, shape, chemical compositions, nutrients, and sensory flavors are frequently greatly influenced by botanical resources, the processing and storage conditions. As a result, the current quality evaluation model is difficult to meet the needs of Phyllanthi Fructus as a medicine and food homologous item in the development of diversified products. This paper constructs the hierarchical utilization mode of Phyllanthi Fructus based on its unique quality formation and transmission laws, explores the quality evaluation model for food-oriented use and medicinal-oriented use, respectively, and systematically describes the quality evaluation idea under diversified application scenarios. This paper aims to serve as a reference for the construction of a quality evaluation model suitable for the medicine and food homologous item of Phyllanthi Fructus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gefei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yurou Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Taigang Mo
- Sanajon Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu 610045, China
| | - Sanhu Fan
- Sanajon Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu 610045, China
| | - Haozhou Huang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Junzhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
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Liu J, Xie J, Lin J, Xie X, Fan S, Han X, Zhang DK, Han L. The Material Basis of Astringency and the Deastringent Effect of Polysaccharides: A Review. Food Chem 2022; 405:134946. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lin JH, Shiu BC, Hsu PW, Lou CW, Lin JH. PVP/CS/ Phyllanthus emblica Nanofiber Membranes for Dry Facial Masks: Manufacturing Process and Evaluations. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:4470. [PMID: 36365465 PMCID: PMC9657772 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In the wake of increasing demands on skin health, we propose simple, natural, and safe dry facial masks that restrict melanin synthesis. Phyllanthus emblica (P. emblica) is made into powders via a low-temperature extraction and freeze-drying process to serve as a natural agent. Next, it is added to mixtures containing Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and Chitosan (CS), after which the blends are electrospun into PVP/CS/P. emblica nanofiber membrane dry facial masks using the electrospinning technique. The dry facial masks are evaluated using the calibration analysis method, extraction rate test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), release rate test, tyrosinase inhibition assay, biocompatibility test, and anti-inflammatory capacity test. Test results indicate that when the electrospinning mixture contains 29.0% P. emblica, the nanofibers have a diameter of ≤214.27 ± 74.51 nm and a water contact angle of 77.25 ± 2.21. P. emblica is completely released in twenty minutes, and the tyrosinase inhibition rate reaches 99.53 ± 0.45% and the cell activity ≥82.60 ± 1.30%. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory capacity test results suggest that dry facial masks confine inflammatory factors. PVP/CS/P. emblica nanofiber dry facial masks demonstrate excellent tyrosinase inhibition and are hydrophilic, biocompatible, and inflammation-free. The dry facial masks are a suitable material that is worthwhile exploring and applying to the cosmetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hong Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Novel Functional Fibers and Materials, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Laboratory of Fiber Application and Manufacturing, Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Chiuan Shiu
- Laboratory of Fiber Application and Manufacturing, Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Po-Wen Hsu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Novel Functional Fibers and Materials, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Laboratory of Fiber Application and Manufacturing, Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Lou
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Novel Functional Fibers and Materials, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Advanced Medical Care and Protection Technology Research Center, College of Textile and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy-Saving Textiles, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 413305, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Horng Lin
- Laboratory of Fiber Application and Manufacturing, Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Advanced Medical Care and Protection Technology Research Center, College of Textile and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy-Saving Textiles, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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Visual authentication of steroidal saponins in Allium macrostemon Bge. and Allium chinense G. Don using MALDI-TOF imaging mass spectrometry and their structure activity relationship. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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