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Balasubramaniam S, Raju BP, Perumpallipatty Kumarasamy S, Ramasubramanian S, Srinivasan AK, Gopinath I, Shanmugam K, Kumar AS, Visakan Sivasakthi V, Srinivasan S. Lung Involvement Patterns in COVID-19: CT Scan Insights and Prognostic Implications From a Tertiary Care Center in Southern India. Cureus 2024; 16:e53335. [PMID: 38435896 PMCID: PMC10907113 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has presented an unparalleled challenge and a profound learning curve globally. Among the myriad of investigative tools, CT scans of the chest have become instrumental in assessing the magnitude of lung involvement in the pathogenesis of this disease. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the distribution and patterns of lung involvement depicted in the CT chest scans of COVID-19 patients admitted to a specialized tertiary care center located in a southern state of India. Methods With clearance secured from the Institutional Ethics Committee, an analytical cross-sectional study was conducted. It encompassed CT chest images from all symptomatic COVID-19 patients within the designated study center during the specified study timeline. Subsequent data analysis ensued. Results Among the 1066 COVID-19 patients evaluated, ground-glass opacities (GGO) were the predominant lung involvement pattern. Distinct patterns, such as GGOs combined with solid consolidation or atelectasis, were noted, with the highest mortality linked to GGOs paired with pneumomediastinum (PM). Data underscored a direct correlation between the extent of lung involvement and patient prognosis, with specific lung regions, namely the right apical, right posterior, right superior basal, left superior lingular, and left inferior lingular segments, showing frequent involvement. Conclusion Amidst the pandemic, our study emphasizes that ground-glass opacities on CT scans are robust indicators of COVID-19 in RT-PCR-positive patients. Early identification can enhance patient management, with findings highlighting a strong link between lung involvement and prognosis. This insight aids in refining patient triage, while further research is warranted to delve deeper into variations in lung involvement and guide treatment advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bharathi Priya Raju
- Radiodiagnosis, Government Stanley Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | | | | | | | - Ishwar Gopinath
- Radiodiagnosis, Government Medical College, Omandurar Government Estate, Chennai, IND
| | - Kamakshi Shanmugam
- Radiodiagnosis, Government Medical College, Omandurar Government Estate, Chennai, IND
| | - Aravind S Kumar
- Radiodiagnosis, Government Medical College, Omandurar Government Estate, Chennai, IND
| | - Varun Visakan Sivasakthi
- Orthopaedics, Kovai Medical Centre and Hospital Institute of Health Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, IND
| | - Srinidhi Srinivasan
- Radiodiagnosis, Alluri Sitarama Raju Academy of Medical Sciences College and Hospital, Eluru, IND
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Clofent D, Culebras M, Felipe-Montiel A, Arjona-Peris M, Granados G, Sáez M, Pilia F, Ferreiro A, Álvarez A, Loor K, Bosch-Nicolau P, Polverino E. Serial lung ultrasound in monitoring viral pneumonia: the lesson learned from COVID-19. ERJ Open Res 2023; 9:00017-2023. [PMID: 37583967 PMCID: PMC10423983 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00017-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lung ultrasound (LUS) has proven to be useful in the evaluation of lung involvement in COVID-19. However, its effectiveness for predicting the risk of severe disease is still up for debate. The aim of the study was to establish the prognostic accuracy of serial LUS examinations in the prediction of clinical deterioration in hospitalised patients with COVID-19. Methods Prospective single-centre cohort study of patients hospitalised for COVID-19. The study protocol consisted of a LUS examination within 24 h from admission and a follow-up examination on day 3 of hospitalisation. Lung involvement was evaluated by a 14-area LUS score. The primary end-point was the ability of LUS to predict clinical deterioration defined as need for intensive respiratory support with high-flow oxygen or invasive mechanical ventilation. Results 200 patients were included and 35 (17.5%) of them reached the primary end-point and were transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU). The LUS score at admission had been significantly higher in the ICU group than in the non-ICU group (22 (interquartile range (IQR) 20-26) versus 12 (IQR 8-15)). A LUS score at admission ≥17 was shown to be the best cut-off point to discriminate patients at risk of deterioration (area under the curve (AUC) 0.95). The absence of progression in LUS score on day 3 significantly increased the prediction accuracy by ruling out deterioration with a negative predictive value of 99.29%. Conclusion Serial LUS is a reliable tool in predicting the risk of respiratory deterioration in patients hospitalised due to COVID-19 pneumonia. LUS could be further implemented in the future for risk stratification of viral pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Clofent
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mario Culebras
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Almudena Felipe-Montiel
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Arjona-Peris
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Galo Granados
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Sáez
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Florencia Pilia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antía Ferreiro
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Álvarez
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karina Loor
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Bosch-Nicolau
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Polverino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
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Miravitlles M, Kawayama T, Dreher M. LABA/LAMA as First-Line Therapy for COPD: A Summary of the Evidence and Guideline Recommendations. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11226623. [PMID: 36431099 PMCID: PMC9692772 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhaled bronchodilators (alone or in combination) are the cornerstone of treatment for symptomatic patients with COPD, either as initial/first-line treatment or for second-line/treatment escalation in patients who experience persistent symptoms or exacerbations on monotherapy. The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2022 report recommends initial pharmacological treatment with a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) or a long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) as monotherapy for most patients, or dual bronchodilator therapy (LABA/LAMA) in patients with more severe symptoms, regardless of exacerbation history. The recommendations for LABA/LAMA are broader in the American Thoracic Society treatment guidelines, which strongly recommend LABA/LAMA combination therapy over LAMA or LABA monotherapy in patients with COPD and dyspnea or exercise intolerance. However, despite consistent guideline recommendations, real-world prescribing data indicate that LAMA and/or LABA without an inhaled corticosteroid are not the most widely prescribed therapies in COPD. This article reviews global and regional/national guideline recommendations for the use of LABA/LAMA in COPD, examines the evidence for the effectiveness and safety of LABA/LAMA versus other therapies and offers a practical guide for clinicians to help ensure appropriate use of LABA/LAMA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Miravitlles
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d′Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-(93)-274-6157
| | - Tomotaka Kawayama
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Michael Dreher
- Department of Pneumology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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