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Yılmaz D, Mathavan N, Wehrle E, Kuhn GA, Müller R. Mouse models of accelerated aging in musculoskeletal research for assessing frailty, sarcopenia, and osteoporosis - A review. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 93:102118. [PMID: 37935249 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal aging encompasses the decline in bone and muscle function, leading to conditions such as frailty, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia. Unraveling the underlying molecular mechanisms and developing effective treatments are crucial for improving the quality of life for those affected. In this context, accelerated aging models offer valuable insights into these conditions by displaying the hallmarks of human aging. Herein, this review focuses on relevant mouse models of musculoskeletal aging with particular emphasis on frailty, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia. Among the discussed models, PolgA mice in particular exhibit hallmarks of musculoskeletal aging, presenting early-onset frailty, as well as reduced bone and muscle mass that closely resemble human musculoskeletal aging. Ultimately, findings from these models hold promise for advancing interventions targeted at age-related musculoskeletal disorders, effectively addressing the challenges posed by musculoskeletal aging and associated conditions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Yılmaz
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Esther Wehrle
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; AO Research Institute Davos, Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - Gisela A Kuhn
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Müller
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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2
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Xie K, Ehninger D. Ageing-associated phenotypes in mice. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 214:111852. [PMID: 37454704 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is a continuous process in life featuring progressive damage accumulation that leads to physiological decline, functional deterioration and ultimately death of an organism. Based on the relatively close anatomical and physiological similarity to humans, the mouse has been proven as a valuable model organism in ageing research over the last decades. In this review, we survey methods and tools currently in use to assess ageing phenotypes in mice. We summarize a range of ageing-associated alterations detectable at two major levels of analysis: (1) physiology and pathophysiology and (2) molecular biomarkers. Age-sensitive phenotypes provided in this article may serve to inform future studies targeting various aspects of organismal ageing in mice. In addition, we discuss conceptual and technical challenges faced by previous ageing studies in mice and, where possible, provide recommendations on how to resolve some of these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Xie
- Translational Biogerontology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dan Ehninger
- Translational Biogerontology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
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3
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de Jong JCBC, Caspers MPM, Keijzer N, Worms N, Attema J, de Ruiter C, Lek S, Nieuwenhuizen AG, Keijer J, Menke AL, Kleemann R, Verschuren L, van den Hoek AM. Caloric Restriction Combined with Immobilization as Translational Model for Sarcopenia Expressing Key-Pathways of Human Pathology. Aging Dis 2023; 14:937-957. [PMID: 37191430 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of sarcopenia is increasing while it is often challenging, expensive and time-consuming to test the effectiveness of interventions against sarcopenia. Translational mouse models that adequately mimic underlying physiological pathways could accelerate research but are scarce. Here, we investigated the translational value of three potential mouse models for sarcopenia, namely partial immobilized (to mimic sedentary lifestyle), caloric restricted (CR; to mimic malnutrition) and a combination (immobilized & CR) model. C57BL/6J mice were calorically restricted (-40%) and/or one hindleg was immobilized for two weeks to induce loss of muscle mass and function. Muscle parameters were compared to those of young control (4 months) and old reference mice (21 months). Transcriptome analysis of quadriceps muscle was performed to identify underlying pathways and were compared with those being expressed in aged human vastus lateralis muscle-biopsies using a meta-analysis of five different human studies. Caloric restriction induced overall loss of lean body mass (-15%, p<0.001), whereas immobilization decreased muscle strength (-28%, p<0.001) and muscle mass of hindleg muscles specifically (on average -25%, p<0.001). The proportion of slow myofibers increased with aging in mice (+5%, p<0.05), and this was not recapitulated by the CR and/or immobilization models. The diameter of fast myofibers decreased with aging (-7%, p<0.05), and this was mimicked by all models. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the combination of CR and immobilization recapitulated more pathways characteristic for human muscle-aging (73%) than naturally aged (21 months old) mice (45%). In conclusion, the combination model exhibits loss of both muscle mass (due to CR) and function (due to immobilization) and has a remarkable similarity with pathways underlying human sarcopenia. These findings underline that external factors such as sedentary behavior and malnutrition are key elements of a translational mouse model and favor the combination model as a rapid model for testing the treatments against sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle C B C de Jong
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martien P M Caspers
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Nanda Keijzer
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Worms
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joline Attema
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christa de Ruiter
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Serene Lek
- Clinnovate Health UK Ltd, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Aswin L Menke
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Kleemann
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Verschuren
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Anita M van den Hoek
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
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4
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Dijk FJ, Hofman Z, Luiking YC, Furber MJW, Roberts JD, van Helvoort A, van Dijk M. Muscle Protein Synthesis with a Hybrid Dairy and Plant-Based Protein Blend (P4) Is Equal to Whey Protein in a Murine Ageing Model after Fasting. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112569. [PMID: 37299532 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
P4, a specific combination of dairy proteins (whey and casein) and plant-based protein isolates (pea and soy), has been shown to provide a more balanced amino acid (AA) profile than its single constituent proteins; however, less is known about how this translates to muscle protein synthesis (MPS). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of P4 compared to whey or casein against fasted control on MPS. C57BL/6J mice, aged 25 months, were fasted overnight, followed by oral gavage of either whey, P4, casein, or water as a fasted control. Thirty minutes after ingestion, puromycin (0.04 µmol∙g-1 bodyweight) was subcutaneously injected; 30-min thereafter, mice were sacrificed. MPS was measured by the SUnSET method, and signalling proteins were determined in the left-tibialis anterior (TA) muscle by the WES technique. AA composition was determined in plasma and right-TA muscle. Dried blood spots (DBS) were analysed for postprandial AA dynamics at 10, 20, 45, 60 min. MPS was 1.6-fold increased with whey (p = 0.006) and 1.5-fold with P4 compared to fasted (p = 0.008), while no change was seen with casein. This was confirmed by a significant increase of phosphorylated/total ratio of 4E-BP1 for both whey (p = 0.012) and P4 (p = 0.001). No changes were observed in p70S6K and mTOR phosphorylation/total ratio with whey or P4. Intramuscular leucine levels were lower for P4 (0.71 µmol∙g dry weight-1) compared to whey (0.97 µmol∙g dry weight-1) (p = 0.0007). Ten minutes postprandial, DBS showed significantly increased blood AA levels of BCAAs, histidine, lysine, threonine, arginine, and tyrosine for P4 versus fasted. In conclusion, a hybrid mix of dairy and plant-based proteins (P4) resulted in a MPS response that was similar to whey protein in aged mice after fasting. This suggests that other anabolic triggers beyond leucine or the well-balanced amino acid profile and bioavailability of the blend benefit stimulation of MPS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zandrie Hofman
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Justin D Roberts
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK
| | - Ardy van Helvoort
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
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5
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Liang S, Liu D, Xiao Z, Greenbaum J, Shen H, Xiao H, Deng H. Repurposing Approved Drugs for Sarcopenia Based on Transcriptomics Data in Humans. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040607. [PMID: 37111364 PMCID: PMC10145476 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, characterized by age-related loss of muscle mass, strength, and decreased physical performance, is a growing public health challenge amid the rapidly ageing population. As there are no approved drugs that target sarcopenia, it has become increasingly urgent to identify promising pharmacological interventions. In this study, we conducted an integrative drug repurposing analysis utilizing three distinct approaches. Firstly, we analyzed skeletal muscle transcriptomic sequencing data in humans and mice using gene differential expression analysis, weighted gene co-expression analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis. Subsequently, we employed gene expression profile similarity assessment, hub gene expression reversal, and disease-related pathway enrichment to identify and repurpose candidate drugs, followed by the integration of findings with rank aggregation algorithms. Vorinostat, the top-ranking drug, was also validated in an in vitro study, which demonstrated its efficacy in promoting muscle fiber formation. Although still requiring further validation in animal models and human clinical trials, these results suggest a promising drug repurposing prospect in the treatment and prevention of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- Center for System Biology, Data Sciences, and Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Danyang Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Zhengwu Xiao
- Center for System Biology, Data Sciences, and Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jonathan Greenbaum
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 999039, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 999039, USA
| | - Hongmei Xiao
- Center for System Biology, Data Sciences, and Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Hongwen Deng
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 999039, USA
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6
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Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Di-Alanine Supplementation in Aged Mice: A Translational Study on Sarcopenia. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020330. [PMID: 36678201 PMCID: PMC9861351 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In age-related sarcopenia, the gradual loss of skeletal muscle mass, function and strength is underpinned by an imbalanced rate of protein synthesis/breakdown. Hence, an adequate protein intake is considered a valuable strategy to mitigate sarcopenia. Here, we investigated the effects of a 12-week oral supplementation with branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs: leucine, isoleucine, and valine) with recognized anabolic properties, in 17-month-old (AGED) C57BL/6J male mice. BCAAs (2:1:1) were formulated in drinking water, alone or plus two L-Alanine equivalents (2ALA) or dipeptide L-Alanyl-L-Alanine (Di-ALA) to boost BCAAs bioavailability. Outcomes were evaluated on in/ex vivo readouts vs. 6-month-old (ADULT) mice. In vivo hind limb plantar flexor torque was improved in AGED mice treated with BCAAs + Di-ALA or 2ALA (recovery score, R.S., towards ADULT: ≥20%), and all mixtures significantly increased hind limb volume. Ex vivo, myofiber cross-sectional areas were higher in gastrocnemius (GC) and soleus (SOL) muscles from treated mice (R.S. ≥ 69%). Contractile indices of isolated muscles were improved by the mixtures, especially in SOL muscle (R.S. ≥ 20%). The latter displayed higher mTOR protein levels in mice supplemented with 2ALA/Di-ALA-enriched mixtures (R.S. ≥ 65%). Overall, these findings support the usefulness of BCAAs-based supplements in sarcopenia, particularly as innovative formulations potentiating BCAAs bioavailability and effects.
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Moustogiannis A, Philippou A, Zevolis E, Taso OS, Giannopoulos A, Chatzigeorgiou A, Koutsilieris M. Effect of Mechanical Loading of Senescent Myoblasts on Their Myogenic Lineage Progression and Survival. Cells 2022; 11:cells11243979. [PMID: 36552743 PMCID: PMC9776690 DOI: 10.3390/cells11243979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During aging, muscle cell apoptosis increases and myogenesis gradually declines. The impaired myogenic and survival potential of the aged skeletal muscle can be ameliorated by its mechanical loading. However, the molecular responses of aged muscle cells to mechanical loading remain unclear. This study examined the effect of mechanical loading of aged, proliferating, and differentiated myoblasts on the gene expression and signaling responses associated with their myogenic lineage progression and survival. METHODS Control and aged C2C12 cells were cultured on elastic membranes and underwent passive stretching for 12 h at a low frequency (0.25 Hz) and different elongations, varying the strain on days 0 and 10 of myoblast differentiation. Activation of ERK1/2 and Akt, and the expression of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and key myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs), MyoD and Myogenin, were determined by immunoblotting of the cell lysates derived from stretched and non-stretched myoblasts. Changes in the expression levels of the MRFs, muscle growth, atrophy, and pro-apoptotic factors in response to mechanical loading of the aged and control cells were quantified by real-time qRT-PCR. RESULTS Mechanical stretching applied on myoblasts resulted in the upregulation of FAK both in proliferating (day 0) and differentiated (day 10) cells, as well as in increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in both control and aged cells. Moreover, Akt activation and the expression of early differentiation factor MyoD increased significantly after stretching only in the control myoblasts, while the late differentiation factor Myogenin was upregulated in both the control and aged myoblasts. At the transcriptional level, mechanical loading of the proliferating myoblasts led to an increased expression of IGF-1 isoforms and MRFs, and to downregulation of muscle atrophy factors mainly in control cells, as well as in the upregulation of pro-apoptotic factors both in control and aged cells. In differentiated cells, mechanical loading resulted in an increased expression of the IGF-1Ea isoform and Myogenin, and in the downregulation of atrophy and pro-apoptotic factors in both the control and aged cells. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed a diminished beneficial effect of mechanical loading on the myogenic and survival ability of the senescent muscle cells compared with the controls, with a low strain (2%) loading being most effective in upregulating myogenic/anabolic factors and downregulating atrophy and pro-apoptotic genes mainly in the aged myotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Moustogiannis
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Micras Asias, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Anastassios Philippou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Micras Asias, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Zevolis
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Micras Asias, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Orjona S. Taso
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Micras Asias, 115 27 Athens, Greece
- School of Biological Sciences, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Antonios Giannopoulos
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Micras Asias, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Micras Asias, 115 27 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-7462690; Fax: +30-210-7462571
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8
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Green CL, Pak HH, Richardson NE, Flores V, Yu D, Tomasiewicz JL, Dumas SN, Kredell K, Fan JW, Kirsh C, Chaiyakul K, Murphy ME, Babygirija R, Barrett-Wilt GA, Rabinowitz J, Ong IM, Jang C, Simcox J, Lamming DW. Sex and genetic background define the metabolic, physiologic, and molecular response to protein restriction. Cell Metab 2022; 34:209-226.e5. [PMID: 35108511 PMCID: PMC8865085 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Low-protein diets promote metabolic health in humans and rodents. Despite evidence that sex and genetic background are key factors in the response to diet, most protein intake studies examine only a single strain and sex of mice. Using multiple strains and both sexes of mice, we find that improvements in metabolic health in response to reduced dietary protein strongly depend on sex and strain. While some phenotypes were conserved across strains and sexes, including increased glucose tolerance and energy expenditure, we observed high variability in adiposity, insulin sensitivity, and circulating hormones. Using a multi-omics approach, we identified mega-clusters of differentially expressed hepatic genes, metabolites, and lipids associated with each phenotype, providing molecular insight into the differential response to protein restriction. Our results highlight the importance of sex and genetic background in the response to dietary protein level, and the potential importance of a personalized medicine approach to dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara L Green
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Heidi H Pak
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Nicole E Richardson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Victoria Flores
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Deyang Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jay L Tomasiewicz
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Sabrina N Dumas
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Katherine Kredell
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jesse W Fan
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Charlie Kirsh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Krittisak Chaiyakul
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Michaela E Murphy
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Reji Babygirija
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | - Joshua Rabinowitz
- Department of Chemistry and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Irene M Ong
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Chemistry and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Judith Simcox
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Dudley W Lamming
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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9
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Castillo-Mariqueo L, Pérez-García MJ, Giménez-Llort L. Modeling Functional Limitations, Gait Impairments, and Muscle Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease: Studies in the 3xTg-AD Mice. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1365. [PMID: 34680482 PMCID: PMC8533188 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gait impairments in Alzheimer's disease (AD) result from structural and functional deficiencies that generate limitations in the performance of activities and restrictions in individual's biopsychosocial participation. In a translational way, we have used the conceptual framework proposed by the International Classification of Disability and Health Functioning (ICF) to classify and describe the functioning and disability on gait and exploratory activity in the 3xTg-AD animal model. We developed a behavioral observation method that allows us to differentiate qualitative parameters of psychomotor performance in animals' gait, similar to the behavioral patterns observed in humans. The functional psychomotor evaluation allows measuring various dimensions of gait and exploratory activity at different stages of disease progression in dichotomy with aging. We included male 3xTg-AD mice and their non-transgenic counterpart (NTg) of 6, 12, and 16 months of age (n = 45). Here, we present the preliminary results. The 3xTg-AD mice show more significant functional impairment in gait and exploratory activity quantitative variables. The presence of movement limitations and muscle weakness mark the functional decline related to the disease severity stages that intensify with increasing age. Motor performance in 3xTg-AD is accompanied by a series of bizarre behaviors that interfere with the trajectory, which allows us to infer poor neurological control. Additionally, signs of physical frailty accompany the functional deterioration of these animals. The use of the ICF as a conceptual framework allows the functional status to be described, facilitating its interpretation and application in the rehabilitation of people with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Castillo-Mariqueo
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. José Pérez-García
- Department of Neuroscience, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Lydia Giménez-Llort
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Impaired skeletal muscle hypertrophy signaling and amino acid deprivation response in Apoe knockout mice with an unhealthy lipoprotein distribution. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16423. [PMID: 34385572 PMCID: PMC8360952 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96000-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explores if unhealthy lipoprotein distribution (LPD) impairs the anabolic and amino acid sensing responses to whey-protein feeding. Thus, if impairment of such anabolic response to protein consumption is seen by the LPD this may negatively affect the skeletal muscle mass. Muscle protein synthesis (MPS) was measured by puromycin labeling in Apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe KO), characterized by an unhealthy LPD, and wild type mice post-absorptive at 10 and 20 weeks, and post-prandial after whey-protein feeding at 20 weeks. Hypertrophy signaling and amino acid sensing mechanisms were studied and gut microbiome diversity explored. Surprisingly, whey-protein feeding did not affect MPS. p-mTOR and p-4E-BP1 was increased 2 h after whey-protein feeding in both genotypes, but with general lower levels in Apoe KO compared to wild type. At 20 weeks of age, Apoe KO had a greater mRNA-expression for SNAT2, CD98, ATF4 and GCN2 compared to wild type. These responses were not associated with gut microbiota compositional differences. Regardless of LPD status, MPS was similar in Apoe KO and wild type. Surprisingly, whey-protein did not stimulate MPS. However, Apoe KO had lower levels of hypertrophy signaling, was amino acid deprived, and had impaired amino acid sensing mechanisms.
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11
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Xie WQ, He M, Yu DJ, Wu YX, Wang XH, Lv S, Xiao WF, Li YS. Mouse models of sarcopenia: classification and evaluation. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:538-554. [PMID: 33951340 PMCID: PMC8200444 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a progressive and widespread skeletal muscle disease that is related to an increased possibility of adverse consequences such as falls, fractures, physical disabilities and death, and its risk increases with age. With the deepening of the understanding of sarcopenia, the disease has become a major clinical disease of the elderly and a key challenge of healthy ageing. However, the exact molecular mechanism of this disease is still unclear, and the selection of treatment strategies and the evaluation of its effect are not the same. Most importantly, the early symptoms of this disease are not obvious and are easy to ignore. In addition, the clinical manifestations of each patient are not exactly the same, which makes it difficult to effectively study the progression of sarcopenia. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and use animal models to understand the pathophysiology of sarcopenia and develop therapeutic strategies. This paper reviews the mouse models that can be used in the study of sarcopenia, including ageing models, genetically engineered models, hindlimb suspension models, chemical induction models, denervation models, and immobilization models; analyses their advantages and disadvantages and application scope; and finally summarizes the evaluation of sarcopenia in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qing Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Miao He
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Deng-Jie Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Wu
- School of Kinesiology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Wang
- Xiang Ya Nursing School, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shan Lv
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Feng Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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12
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Schoufour JD, Tieland M, Barazzoni R, Ben Allouch S, van der Bie J, Boirie Y, Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Eglseer D, Topinková E, Visser B, Voortman T, Tsagari A, Weijs PJM. The Relevance of Diet, Physical Activity, Exercise, and Persuasive Technology in the Prevention and Treatment of Sarcopenic Obesity in Older Adults. Front Nutr 2021; 8:661449. [PMID: 34109204 PMCID: PMC8180560 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.661449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging population faces two conditions that threaten healthy aging: high fat mass (obesity) and low muscle mass and function (sarcopenia). The combination of both-referred to as sarcopenic obesity-synergistically increases the risk of adverse health outcomes. The two conditions often co-occur because they reinforce each other and share common etiologies, including poor nutrition and inactivity. All aging people are at risk of gaining weight and losing muscle mass and could benefit from improvements in physical activity, exercise and dietary intake. one specific window of opportunity is during the transient time of retirement, as older adults already need to restructure their daily activities. It is key to change lifestyle behavior in a sustainable manner, providing scientifically proven, personalized, and acceptable principles that can be integrated in daily life. Health technologies (e.g., applications) can provide promising tools to deliver personalized and appealing lifestyle interventions to a large group of people while keeping health care costs low. Several studies show that health technologies have a strong positive effect on physical activity, exercise and dietary intake. Specifically, health technology is increasingly applied to older people, although strong evidence for long term effects in changing lifestyle behavior is generally lacking. Concluding, technology could play an important role in the highly warranted prevention of sarcopenic obesity in older adults. Although health technology seems to be a promising tool to stimulate changes in physical activity, exercise and dietary intake, studies on long lasting effects and specifically targeted on older people around the time of retirement are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josje D Schoufour
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Centre of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michael Tieland
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Centre of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rocco Barazzoni
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Somaya Ben Allouch
- Digital Life Research Group, Faculty of Digital Media and Creative Industry, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joey van der Bie
- Digital Life Research Group, Faculty of Digital Media and Creative Industry, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yves Boirie
- University Clermont Auvergne, Human Nutrition Unit, INRA, CRNH Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clinical Nutrition Department, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Doris Eglseer
- Department of Nursing Science, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Topinková
- First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Geriatrics, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.,Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
| | - Bart Visser
- Faculty of Health, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Amalia Tsagari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, KAT General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Peter J M Weijs
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Centre of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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13
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Peng LN, Yu PC, Lee HF, Lin MH, Chen LK. Protein-enriched diet improved muscle endurance and marginally reduced intramuscular adiposity: Results from a randomized controlled trial among middle-aged and older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2021; 96:104436. [PMID: 34098214 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintaining sufficient dietary protein intake is important for nutritional status, muscle mass, and healthy aging, but the clinical effects of high protein diet remained controversial.. METHODS This 12-week randomized controlled trial enrolled community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults to evaluate clinical effects of daily diet with different protein density.. All participants received 10 frozen meals per week for 12 weeks containing either 15% daily calorie of protein (regular-protein group, RPG), or 25% daily calorie of protein (high-protein group, HPG). Bioimpedance analysis was used to assess body composition, and the magnetic resonance imaging on both mid-thighs was performed to measure muscle mass and the intramuscular adiposity. RESULTS This trial enrolled 70 participants, and data of 52 participants (mean age: 53.7 ± 8.3 years, 53.8% male; 25 in RPG and 27 in HPG) were available for analysis. Baseline demographic characteristics, functional assessment, body composition and muscle parameters, and laboratory data were similar between groups. During the study period, participants of both groups significantly reduced body weight, body mass index, total body fat percentage, and handgrip strength, but not in the relative appendicular muscle mass). Compared to participants of RPG, HPG participants showed significant improvement in 6-minute walking distance, increased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and marginal reduction in intramuscular adiposity than RPG participants. CONCLUSIONS Higher dietary protein intake significantly improved physical endurance and marginally reduced intramuscular adiposity, but increased the inflammatory biomarker among middle-aged and older adults. Further study is needed to explore long-term effects of high-protein diet among middle-aged and older adults..
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ning Peng
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chin Yu
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Fang Lee
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Lin
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Liang-Kung Chen
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei Municipal Gab-Dau Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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14
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Clemens Z, Sivakumar S, Pius A, Sahu A, Shinde S, Mamiya H, Luketich N, Cui J, Dixit P, Hoeck JD, Kreuz S, Franti M, Barchowsky A, Ambrosio F. The biphasic and age-dependent impact of klotho on hallmarks of aging and skeletal muscle function. eLife 2021; 10:e61138. [PMID: 33876724 PMCID: PMC8118657 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by disrupted information flow, resulting from accumulation of molecular mistakes. These mistakes ultimately give rise to debilitating disorders including skeletal muscle wasting, or sarcopenia. To derive a global metric of growing 'disorderliness' of aging muscle, we employed a statistical physics approach to estimate the state parameter, entropy, as a function of genes associated with hallmarks of aging. Escalating network entropy reached an inflection point at old age, while structural and functional alterations progressed into oldest-old age. To probe the potential for restoration of molecular 'order' and reversal of the sarcopenic phenotype, we systemically overexpressed the longevity protein, Klotho, via AAV. Klotho overexpression modulated genes representing all hallmarks of aging in old and oldest-old mice, but pathway enrichment revealed directions of changes were, for many genes, age-dependent. Functional improvements were also age-dependent. Klotho improved strength in old mice, but failed to induce benefits beyond the entropic tipping point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Clemens
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Sruthi Sivakumar
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Abish Pius
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
- Department of Computational & Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Amrita Sahu
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Sunita Shinde
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Hikaru Mamiya
- Department of Bioengineering, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Nathaniel Luketich
- Department of Bioengineering, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Jian Cui
- Department of Computational & Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Purushottam Dixit
- Department of Physics, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
| | - Joerg D Hoeck
- Department of Research Beyond Borders, Regenerative Medicine, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, IncRheinGermany
| | - Sebastian Kreuz
- Department of Research Beyond Borders, Regenerative Medicine, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, IncRheinGermany
| | - Michael Franti
- Department of Research Beyond Borders, Regenerative Medicine, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, IncRheinGermany
| | - Aaron Barchowsky
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Fabrisia Ambrosio
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
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15
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Moustogiannis A, Philippou A, Taso O, Zevolis E, Pappa M, Chatzigeorgiou A, Koutsilieris M. The Effects of Muscle Cell Aging on Myogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073721. [PMID: 33918414 PMCID: PMC8038215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of myogenesis gradually deteriorates as the skeletal muscle ages, contributing to muscle mass loss. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of senescence/aging on skeletal myogenesis, in vitro. A model of multiple cell divisions of C2C12 myoblasts was used to replicate cell senescence. Control and aged myoblasts were investigated during myogenesis, i.e., at days 0, 2, and 6of differentiation. SA-β-gal activity and comet assay were used as markers of aging and DNA damage. Flow cytometry was performed to characterize potential differences in cell cycle between control and aged cells. Alterations in the mRNA and/or protein expression of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs), IGF-1 isoforms, apoptotic, atrophy, inflammatory, metabolic and aging-related factors were evaluated. Compared with the control cells, aged myoblasts exhibited G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, DNA damage, increased SA-β-gal activity, and increased expression of aging-related factors p16 and p21 during differentiation. Moreover, aged myoblasts showed a reduction in the expression of MRFs and metabolic/anabolic factors, along with an increased expression of apoptotic, atrophy and inflammatory factors. A diminished differentiation capacity characterized the aged myoblasts which, in combination with the induction of apoptotic and atrophy factors, indicated a disrupted myogenic lineage in the senescent muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Moustogiannis
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 MicrasAsias, 115 27 Goudi-Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (O.T.); (E.Z.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-7462690; Fax: +30-210-7462571
| | - Anastassios Philippou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 MicrasAsias, 115 27 Goudi-Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (O.T.); (E.Z.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Orjona Taso
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 MicrasAsias, 115 27 Goudi-Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (O.T.); (E.Z.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Evangelos Zevolis
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 MicrasAsias, 115 27 Goudi-Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (O.T.); (E.Z.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Maria Pappa
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Joint Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 MicrasAsias, 115 27 Goudi-Athens, Greece;
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 MicrasAsias, 115 27 Goudi-Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (O.T.); (E.Z.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 MicrasAsias, 115 27 Goudi-Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (O.T.); (E.Z.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
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16
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Hunt LC, Schadeberg B, Stover J, Haugen B, Pagala V, Wang YD, Puglise J, Barton ER, Peng J, Demontis F. Antagonistic control of myofiber size and muscle protein quality control by the ubiquitin ligase UBR4 during aging. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1418. [PMID: 33658508 PMCID: PMC7930053 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21738-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a degenerative condition that consists in age-induced atrophy and functional decline of skeletal muscle cells (myofibers). A common hypothesis is that inducing myofiber hypertrophy should also reinstate myofiber contractile function but such model has not been extensively tested. Here, we find that the levels of the ubiquitin ligase UBR4 increase in skeletal muscle with aging, and that UBR4 increases the proteolytic activity of the proteasome. Importantly, muscle-specific UBR4 loss rescues age-associated myofiber atrophy in mice. However, UBR4 loss reduces the muscle specific force and accelerates the decline in muscle protein quality that occurs with aging in mice. Similarly, hypertrophic signaling induced via muscle-specific loss of UBR4/poe and of ESCRT members (HGS/Hrs, STAM, USP8) that degrade ubiquitinated membrane proteins compromises muscle function and shortens lifespan in Drosophila by reducing protein quality control. Altogether, these findings indicate that these ubiquitin ligases antithetically regulate myofiber size and muscle protein quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam C Hunt
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Bronwen Schadeberg
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jared Stover
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Benard Haugen
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Vishwajeeth Pagala
- Department of Structural Biology, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yong-Dong Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jason Puglise
- College of Health & Human Performance Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Elisabeth R Barton
- College of Health & Human Performance Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Junmin Peng
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Fabio Demontis
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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17
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Scheuren AC, D'Hulst G, Kuhn GA, Masschelein E, Wehrle E, De Bock K, Müller R. Hallmarks of frailty and osteosarcopenia in prematurely aged PolgA (D257A/D257A) mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:1121-1140. [PMID: 32596975 PMCID: PMC7432580 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty is a geriatric syndrome characterized by increased susceptibility to adverse health outcomes. One major determinant thereof is the gradual weakening of the musculoskeletal system and the associated osteosarcopenia. To improve our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and, more importantly, to test potential interventions aimed at counteracting frailty, suitable animal models are needed. METHODS To evaluate the relevance of prematurely aged PolgA(D257A/D257A) mice as a model for frailty and osteosarcopenia, we quantified the clinical mouse frailty index in PolgA(D257A/D257A) and wild-type littermates (PolgA(+/+) , WT) with age and concertedly assessed the quantity and quality of bone and muscle tissue. Lastly, the anabolic responsiveness of skeletal muscle, muscle progenitors, and bone was assessed. RESULTS PolgA(D257A/D257A) accumulated health deficits at a higher rate compared with WT, resulting in a higher frailty index at 40 and 46 weeks of age (+166%, +278%, P < 0.0001), respectively, with no differences between genotypes at 34 weeks. Concomitantly, PolgA(D257A/D257A) displayed progressive musculoskeletal deterioration such as reduced bone and muscle mass as well as impaired functionality thereof. In addition to lower muscle weights (-14%, P < 0.05, -23%, P < 0.0001) and fibre area (-20%, P < 0.05, -22%, P < 0.0001) at 40 and 46 weeks, respectively, PolgA(D257A/D257A) showed impairments in grip strength and concentric muscle forces (P < 0.05). PolgA(D257A/D257A) mutation altered the acute response to various anabolic stimuli in skeletal muscle and muscle progenitors. While PolgA(D257A/D257A) muscles were hypersensitive to eccentric contractions as well as leucine administration, shown by larger downstream signalling response of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1, myogenic progenitors cultured in vitro showed severe anabolic resistance to leucine and robust impairments in cell proliferation. Longitudinal micro-computed tomography analysis of the sixth caudal vertebrae showed that PolgA(D257A/D257A) had lower bone morphometric parameters (e.g. bone volume fraction, trabecular, and cortical thickness, P < 0.05) as well as reduced remodelling activities (e.g. bone formation and resorption rate, P < 0.05) compared with WT. When subjected to 4 weeks of cyclic loading, young but not aged PolgA(D257A/D257A) caudal vertebrae showed load-induced bone adaptation, suggesting reduced mechanosensitivity with age. CONCLUSIONS PolgA(D257A/D257A) mutation leads to hallmarks of age-related frailty and osteosarcopenia and provides a powerful model to better understand the relationship between frailty and the aging musculoskeletal system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gommaar D'Hulst
- Laboratory of Exercise and HealthETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | - Evi Masschelein
- Laboratory of Exercise and HealthETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Esther Wehrle
- Institute for BiomechanicsETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Katrien De Bock
- Laboratory of Exercise and HealthETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Ralph Müller
- Institute for BiomechanicsETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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18
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Age-Related Maintenance of the Autophagy-Lysosomal System Is Dependent on Skeletal Muscle Type. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:4908162. [PMID: 32774673 PMCID: PMC7396090 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4908162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The skeletal muscle plays an important role in maintaining whole-body mechanics, metabolic homeostasis, and interorgan crosstalk. However, during aging, functional and structural changes such as fiber integrity loss and atrophy can occur across different species. A commonly observed hallmark of aged skeletal muscle is the accumulation of oxidatively modified proteins and protein aggregates which point to an imbalance in proteostasis systems such as degradation machineries. Recently, we showed that the ubiquitin-proteasomal system was impaired. Specifically, the proteasomal activity, which was declining in aged M. soleus (SOL) and M. extensor digitorum longus (EDL). Therefore, in order to understand whether another proteolytic system would compensate the decline in proteasomal activity, we aimed to investigate age-related changes in the autophagy-lysosomal system (ALS) in SOL, mostly consisting of slow-twitch fibers, and EDL, mainly composed of fast-twitch fibers, from young (4 months) and old (25 months) C57BL/6JRj mice. Here, we focused on changes in the content of modified proteins and the ALS. Our results show that aged SOL and EDL display high levels of protein modifications, particularly in old SOL. While autophagy machinery appears to be functional, lysosomal activity declines gradually in aged SOL. In contrast, in old EDL, the ALS seems to be affected, demonstrated by an increased level of key autophagy-related proteins, which are known to accumulate when their delivery or degradation is impaired. In fact, lysosomal activity was significantly decreased in old EDL. Results presented herein suggest that the ALS can compensate the high levels of modified proteins in the more oxidative muscle, SOL, while EDL seems to be more prone to ALS age-related alterations.
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19
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Kim C, Hwang JK. The 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone Suppresses Sarcopenia by Regulating Protein Turnover and Mitochondria Biogenesis-Related Pathways. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041079. [PMID: 32295051 PMCID: PMC7230989 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a muscle disease featured by the loss of muscle mass and dysfunction with advancing age. The 5,7-dimethoxyflavone (DMF), a major flavone found in Kaempferia parviflora, has biological activities, including anti-diabetes, anti-obesity, and anti-inflammation. However, its anti-sarcopenic effect remains to be elucidated. This current study investigated the inhibitory activity of DMF on sarcopenia. Eighteen-month-old mice were orally administered DMF at the dose of 25 mg·kg−1·day−1 or 50 mg·kg−1·day−1 for 8 weeks. DMF not only stimulated grip strength and exercise endurance but also increased muscle mass and volume. Besides, DMF stimulated the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt pathway, consequently activating the mammalian target of rapamycin-eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1-70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase pathway for protein synthesis. DMF reduced the mRNA expression of E3 ubiquitin ligase- and autophagy-lysosomal-related genes involved in proteolysis via the phosphorylation of Forkhead box O3. DMF upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha, nuclear respiratory factor 1, and mitochondrial transcription factor A along with the increase of relative mitochondrial DNA content. DMF alleviated inflammatory responses by reducing the tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 serum and mRNA levels. Collectively, DMF can be used as a natural agent to inhibit sarcopenia via improving protein turnover and mitochondria function.
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20
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Liu HW, Chang YC, Chan YC, Hu SH, Liu MY, Chang SJ. Dysregulations of mitochondrial quality control and autophagic flux at an early age lead to progression of sarcopenia in SAMP8 mice. Biogerontology 2020; 21:367-380. [PMID: 32130580 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-020-09867-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM) prone 8 (SAMP8) has been demonstrated for muscular aging research including sarcopenia, but its underlying mechanisms remain scarce. Physiological indices and histology of skeletal muscle were analyzed in SAMP8 mice at different ages. SAMP8 mice exhibited typical features of sarcopenia at 40 weeks of age and were more time-efficient than that at 88 weeks of age in bothSAM resistant 1 (SAMR1) and C57BL/6 mice. Increase in FoxO3a-mediated transcription of Atrogin-1 and MuRF1 and decrease in phosphorylated mTOR/P70s6k were observed at week 40 in SAMP8 mice. High oxidative stress was observed from week 24 and persisted to week 40 in SAMP8 mice evidenced by overexpression of protein carbonyl groups and reduced activities of CAT, SOD, and GPx. Downregulation of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC-1α, Nrf-1, Tfam, Ndufs8, and Cox5b) and in mitochondrial dynamics fission (Mfn2 and Opa1) from week 24 indicated dysregulation of mitochondrial quality control in SAMP8 mice. Impaired autophagic flux was observed in SAMP8 mice evidenced by elevated Atg13 and LC3-II accompanied with the accumulation of P62 and LAMP1. Increases in inflammatory factors (IL-6 and MCP-1), adipokines (leptin and resistin), and myostatin in serum at week 32 and decline in Pax7+ satellite cell resided next to muscle fibers at week 24 implied that muscle microenvironment contributed to the progression of sarcopenia in SAMP8 mice. Our data suggest that early alterations of mitochondrial quality control and autophagic flux worsen muscle microenvironment prior to the onset of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Wen Liu
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ching Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Shu-Zen College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Ching Chan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hui Hu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Liu
- Department of Long-Term Care, Wu Feng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Sue-Joan Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, Taiwan.
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21
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Schuetze S, Manig A, Ribes S, Nau R. Aged mice show an increased mortality after anesthesia with a standard dose of ketamine/xylazine. Lab Anim Res 2019; 35:8. [PMID: 32257896 PMCID: PMC7081538 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-019-0008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Geriatric animal models are crucial for a better understanding and an improved therapy of age-related diseases. We observed a high mortality of aged mice after anesthesia with a standard dose of ketamine/xylazine, an anesthetic regimen frequently used in laboratory veterinary medicine. C57BL/6-N mice at the age of 2.14 ± 0.23 months (young mice) and 26.31 ± 2.15 months (aged mice) were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of 2 mg ketamine and 0.2 mg xylazine. 4 of 26 aged mice (15.4%) but none of 26 young mice died within 15 min after injection of the anesthetics. The weight of aged mice was significantly higher than that of young mice (32.8 ± 5.4 g versus 23.2 ± 3.4 g, p < 0.0001). Thus, aged mice received lower doses of anesthetics in relation to their body weight which are within the lower range of doses recommended in the literature or even beneath. There were no differences between deceased and surviving aged mice concerning their sex, weight and their motor performance prior to anesthesia. Our data clearly show an age-related increase of mortality upon anesthesia with low standard doses of ketamine/xylazine. Assessment of weight and motor performance did not help to predict vulnerability of aged mice to the anesthetics. Caution is necessary when this common anesthetic regimen is applied in aged mice: lower doses or the use of alternative anesthetics should be considered to avoid unexpected mortality. The present data from our geriatric mouse model strongly corroborate an age-adjusted reduction of anesthetic doses to reduce anesthesia-related mortality in aged individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Schuetze
- 1Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany.,2Department of Geriatrics, AGAPLESION Frankfurter Diakonie Kliniken, 60431 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anja Manig
- 1Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany.,3Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Ribes
- 1Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Roland Nau
- 1Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany.,4Department of Geriatrics, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Göttingen-Weende, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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22
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Cardiac hypertrophy in sarcopenic obese C57BL/6J mice is independent of Akt/mTOR cellular signaling. Exp Gerontol 2018; 111:122-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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23
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Wagner D, Marsoner K, Tomberger A, Haybaeck J, Haas J, Werkgartner G, Cerwenka H, Bacher H, Mischinger H, Kornprat P. Low skeletal muscle mass outperforms the Charlson Comorbidity Index in risk prediction in patients undergoing pancreatic resections. Eur J Surg Oncol 2018; 44:658-663. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2018.01.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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24
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Dijk FJ, van Dijk M, Walrand S, van Loon LJC, van Norren K, Luiking YC. Differential effects of leucine and leucine-enriched whey protein on skeletal muscle protein synthesis in aged mice. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2018; 24:127-133. [PMID: 29576350 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS It has been suggested that anabolic resistance, or a blunted protein synthetic response to anabolic stimuli, contributes to the failure of muscle mass maintenance in older adults. The amino acid leucine is one of the most prominent food-related anabolic stimuli. However, data on muscle protein synthesis (MPS) after administration of a single bolus of leucine in aged populations is lacking and long-term single leucine supplementation has not been shown to increase muscle mass. This study aimed to determine the MPS response to the administration of a single bolus of leucine or to leucine combined with whey protein, in aged mice. METHODS Overnight fasted C57/BL6RJ mice at 25-mo of age received an oral gavage with leucine or whey-protein enriched with leucine (0.75 g/kg bodyweight total leucine in both) or 0.5 mL water (fasted control). Subsequently, mice were s.c. injected with puromycin (0.04 μmol/g bw at t = 30, 45 or 60 min) and were sacrificed 30 min thereafter. Amino acid concentrations were determined in plasma and right muscle tibialis anterior (TA). Left TA was used to analyse MPS by SUnSET method and phosphorylation rate of Akt, 4E-BP1 and p70S6k by western blot. RESULTS In aged mice, leucine administration failed to increase MPS, despite a 6-fold increase in plasma leucine and elevated muscle free leucine levels (P < 0.05). In contrast, leucine-enriched whey protein significantly stimulated MPS in aged mice at 60 min after gavage (P < 0.05). Muscle free EAA, NEAA and the phosphorylation rate of Akt, 4E-BP1 and p70S6k increased significantly (P < 0.05), only after administration of leucine-enriched whey protein. CONCLUSIONS MPS is stimulated in aged mice by leucine-enriched whey protein but not by leucine administration only. Administration of other amino acids may be required for leucine administration to stimulate muscle protein synthesis in aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francina J Dijk
- Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Miriam van Dijk
- Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Stéphane Walrand
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-630000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Luc J C van Loon
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Yvette C Luiking
- Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Texas A&M University, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Center for Translation Research in Aging & Longevity, College Station, United States.
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25
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The speed of dietary protein digestion influences postprandial amino acid availability which is crucial for improving altered anabolic response of skeletal muscle one feature of sarcopenia during aging. RECENT FINDINGS By analogy with carbohydrate and in reference to their absorption rate, dietary proteins can be classified as 'fast' or 'slow' proteins depending on matrix food structure and technological processes, which can influence amino acids availability and their subsequent metabolic actions. 'Fast' digestive proteins have been shown to stimulate muscle protein synthesis and to improve muscle function in several recent studies involving older patients. These new aspects may be applied for improving health through preservation or restoration of muscle protein mass and function in clinical situations (obesity, rheumatoid arthritis and cancer cachexia). SUMMARY Using fast digestive proteins is of major interest to overcome 'anabolic resistance' of aging for limiting sarcopenia. Fast proteins' action on muscle anabolism may be stimulated by other nutrients like vitamin D or omega 3 fatty acids or by combination with exercise. The beneficial impact of the 'fast' protein concept beyond the amount of dietary protein on muscle preservation is a promising therapeutic perspective to improve mobility and quality of life of older patients affected with chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Boirie
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Nutrition Clinique
| | - Christelle Guillet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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26
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Baker BA. Efficacy of Age-Specific High-Intensity Stretch-Shortening Contractions in Reversing Dynapenia, Sarcopenia, and Loss of Skeletal Muscle Quality. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2018; 3:36. [PMID: 31149646 PMCID: PMC6537613 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk3020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During the aging process, skeletal muscle performance and physiology undergoes alterations leading to decrements in functional capacity, health-span, and independence. Background: The utility and implementation of age-specific exercise is a paramount research agenda focusing on ameliorating the loss of both skeletal muscle performance and physiology; yet, to date, no consensus exists as to the most appropriate mechanical loading protocol design or overall exercise prescription that best meets this need. Thus, the purpose of this review is to highlight the most optimal type of exercise presently available and provide the most current, evidence-based findings for its efficacy. The hypothesis that high-intensity, stretch-shortening contractions (SSCs)-a form of "resistance-type exercise" training-present as the preferred exercise mode for serving as an intervention-based modality to attenuate dynapenia, sarcopenia, and decreased muscle quality with aging, even restoring the overall youthful phenotype, will be demonstrated. Conclusions: Appreciating the fundamental evidence supporting the use of high-intensity SSCs in positively impacting aging skeletal muscle's responsivity and their use as a specific and sensitive countermeasure is crucial. Moreover, from an applied perspective, SSCs may improve skeletal muscle quality and rejuvenate health-span and, ultimately, lead to augmented functional capacity, independence, and quality of life concomitant with decreased morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent A Baker
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Systems Mechanophysiology and Aging Research Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
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27
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Guillory B, Chen JA, Patel S, Luo J, Splenser A, Mody A, Ding M, Baghaie S, Anderson B, Iankova B, Halder T, Hernandez Y, Garcia JM. Deletion of ghrelin prevents aging-associated obesity and muscle dysfunction without affecting longevity. Aging Cell 2017; 16:859-869. [PMID: 28585250 PMCID: PMC5506439 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During aging, decreases in energy expenditure and locomotor activity lead to body weight and fat gain. Aging is also associated with decreases in muscle strength and endurance leading to functional decline. Here, we show that lifelong deletion of ghrelin prevents development of obesity associated with aging by modulating food intake and energy expenditure. Ghrelin deletion also attenuated the decrease in phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (pAMPK) and downstream mediators in muscle, and increased the number of type IIa (fatigue resistant, oxidative) muscle fibers, preventing the decline in muscle strength and endurance seen with aging. Longevity was not affected by ghrelin deletion. Treatment of old mice with pharmacologic doses of ghrelin increased food intake, body weight, and muscle strength in both ghrelin wild‐type and knockout mice. These findings highlight the relevance of ghrelin during aging and identify a novel AMPK‐dependent mechanism for ghrelin action in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobby Guillory
- Division of Diabetes; Endocrinology and Metabolism; MCL; Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases; Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX USA
| | - Ji-an Chen
- Division of Diabetes; Endocrinology and Metabolism; MCL; Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases; Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX USA
- Department of Health Education; College of Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Shivam Patel
- Division of Diabetes; Endocrinology and Metabolism; MCL; Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases; Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX USA
| | - Jiaohua Luo
- Division of Diabetes; Endocrinology and Metabolism; MCL; Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases; Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX USA
- Department of Environmental Hygiene; College of Preventive Medicine; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Andres Splenser
- Division of Diabetes; Endocrinology and Metabolism; MCL; Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases; Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX USA
| | - Avni Mody
- Division of Diabetes; Endocrinology and Metabolism; MCL; Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases; Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX USA
| | - Michael Ding
- Division of Diabetes; Endocrinology and Metabolism; MCL; Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases; Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX USA
- GRECC; VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington; Seattle WA USA
| | - Shiva Baghaie
- Division of Diabetes; Endocrinology and Metabolism; MCL; Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases; Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX USA
| | - Barbara Anderson
- GRECC; VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington; Seattle WA USA
| | - Blaga Iankova
- Division of Diabetes; Endocrinology and Metabolism; MCL; Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases; Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX USA
| | - Tripti Halder
- Division of Diabetes; Endocrinology and Metabolism; MCL; Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases; Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX USA
| | - Yamileth Hernandez
- Division of Diabetes; Endocrinology and Metabolism; MCL; Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases; Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX USA
| | - Jose M. Garcia
- Division of Diabetes; Endocrinology and Metabolism; MCL; Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases; Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine; Houston TX USA
- GRECC; VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington; Seattle WA USA
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