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Lord AR, Amitrano NR, González DA. Reliability and validity of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment's auditory items (MoCA-22). Clin Neuropsychol 2024; 38:783-798. [PMID: 37743611 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2023.2261634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the latent structure, internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity, diagnostic accuracy, and criterion validity of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment's auditory items (MoCA-22), which has previously been evaluated in small samples if at all. Methods: 11,284 participants completed the MoCA over 1-2 visits to an Alzheimer Disease Research Center (Mage = 69.2, Meducation = 15.9, 57.6% women, 92.4% non-Hispanic white). MoCA-22 items were probed with alpha, omega, confirmatory factor analysis, and test-retest correlations. Scores were related to measures of neurocognition, daily functioning, behavioral-psychological symptoms (BPS), and vision performance for convergent-discriminant and criterion validity. Dementia stage was used to calculate area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC-ROC) curves and cutoffs for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Results: A single-factor had good fit (CFI = .961; TLI = .945; RMSEA = .061; SRMR = .031), with good internal consistency (Omega total = .83) and test-retest consistency (ICC = .92 at 2.7 years). The strongest convergent correlations were with general cognition and executive functioning, while discriminant validity was demonstrated with its weakest and negative correlations being with BPS. There was strong classification accuracy in distinguishing MCI from normal cognition (AUC = .79; optimal cutoff point < 18), and mild-to-moderate dementia from MCI (AUC = .85; optimal cutoff point < 13). Furthermore, the MoCA-22 had negligible-to-small differences among those with and without vision limitations. Conclusions: These findings add to the evidence of the MoCA-22's utility and it serves as a useful cognitive screening tool with sound reliability and validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alinda Rafaela Lord
- Department of Psychology, Adler University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Care Program, Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nicholas R Amitrano
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Care Program, Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychology, Wheaton College, Wheaton, IL, USA
| | - David Andrés González
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Care Program, Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Aravindhan K, Mat S, Bahyah S, Saedon N, Hasmuk K, Mahadzir H, Khoo S, Chin AV, Tan MP. Comparing four frailty assessment tools against seven-year mortality in the Malaysian elders longitudinal research study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 118:105304. [PMID: 38056102 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Several frailty assessment tools are currently used in clinics and research, however, there appears to be a lack of head-to-head comparisons between these tools among older adults in developing countries. This study compared the Cardiovascular Health Study, Study of Osteoporotic Fractures, the Tilburg Frailty Indicator and the Canadian Study of Health and Aging frailty assessment tools and evaluated performance of these individual frailty assessment tools with mortality. METHODS This prospective cohort study utilized stratified simple random sampling to recruit 1614 participants from the Malaysian Elders Longitudinal Research aged above 55 years within the Klang Valley region from 2013 to 2015. Individual items for the frailty tools, alongside baseline physical and cognitive measures were extracted from the initial survey. Mortality data up to 31 December 2020 were obtained through data linkage from the death registry data obtained from the Malaysian National Registration Department. RESULTS Data were available for over 1609 participants, age (68.92 ± 7.52) years and 57 % women, during recruitment. Mortality data revealed 13.4 % had died as of 31 December 2020. Five to 25 % of our study population fulfilled the criteria for frailty using all four frailty tools. This study found an increased risk of mortality with frailty following adjustments for potential factors of falls, total number of illnesses and cognitive impairment, alongside moderate to strong correlation and agreement between frailty tools. CONCLUSION Frailty was associated with increased mortality. All four frailty assessment tools can be used to assess frailty within the Malaysian older adult population. The four available tools, however, may not be interchangeable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sumaiyah Mat
- Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shahrul Bahyah
- Department of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor'Izzati Saedon
- Department of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kejal Hasmuk
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hazlina Mahadzir
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Selina Khoo
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Universiti Malaya, 50600 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ai-Vyrn Chin
- Department of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maw Pin Tan
- Department of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Zhao X, Wei K, Sun J, Chen J, Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhu X, Sun X, Li T, Zhou M. Association between previous cataract surgery and cognition among middle-aged and older Chinese: the China health and retirement longitudinal study (CHARLS). BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:243. [PMID: 37259095 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-02998-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cataract is the primary cause of blindness globally, and surgery offers the only method by which to remove cataracts. We aimed to examine whether previous cataract surgery is associated with cognitive function. METHODS Our study included 13,824 participants. Data from the baseline of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were used. The participants were categorized into two groups: with and without previous cataract surgery. Weighted multiple linear regression was used to obtain the β and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS The participants who had previous cataract surgery (n = 261) scored lower in cognition, including both memory and mental state, than those without previous cataract surgery. After adjusting for socioeconomic factors and metabolic measures, a negative association was evident between previous cataract surgery and cognition (β = -0.647, 95% CI: -1.244, - 0.049). Furthermore, the participants who were older and female demonstrated a decline in cognition, while living in cities and having higher levels education were associated with higher cognition. CONCLUSIONS Better cognitive function was associated with less previous cataract surgery or cataract occurrence. This suggests that a period of vision loss due to cataract leads to cognitive decline, however further studies are need to dissect the impact of vision loss and cataract surgery on cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Kunchen Wei
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junran Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieqiong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yimin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| | - Minwen Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.
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Delirium and Clusters of Older Patients Affected by Multimorbidity in Acute Hospitals. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2021; 23:885-888. [PMID: 34798007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Delirium is commonly seen in older adults with multimorbidity, during a hospitalization, resulting from the interplay between predisposing factors such as advanced age, frailty, and dementia, and a series of precipitating factors. The association between delirium and specific multimorbidity is largely unexplored so far although of potential key relevance for targeted interventions. The aim of the study was to check for a potential association of multimorbidity with delirium in a large cohort of older patients hospitalized for an acute medical or surgical condition. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional study nested in the 2017 Delirium Day project. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS The study includes 1829 hospitalized patients (age: 81.8, SD: 5.5). Of them, 419 (22.9%) had delirium. METHODS Sociodemographic and medical history were collected. The 4AT was used to assess the presence of delirium. The Charlson Comorbidity index was used to assess multimorbidity. RESULTS The results identified neurosensorial multimorbidity as the most prevalent, including patients with dementia, cerebrovascular diseases, and sensory impairments. In light of the highest co-occurrence of 3 neurosensorial chronic conditions, we could hypothesize that a baseline altered brain functional and neural connectivity might determine the vulnerability signature for incipient overall system disruption in presence of acute insults. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Eventually, our findings moved a step forward in supporting the key importance of routine screening for sensory impairments and cognitive status of older patients for the highest risk of in-hospital delirium. In fact, preventive interventions could be particularly relevant and effective in preventing delirium in such vulnerable populations and might help refining this early diagnosis.
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Xu XJ, Myint PK, Kioh SH, Mat S, Rajasuriar R, Kamaruzzaman SB, Tan MP. A five-year prospective evaluation of anticholinergic cognitive burden and falls in the Malaysian elders longitudinal research (MELoR) study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2021; 98:104535. [PMID: 34601313 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While anticholinergic use is associated with stroke, dementia and mortality, few have evaluated its potential link with falls. To determine the relationship between anticholinergic cognitive burden (ACB) and falls over five years using the Malaysian Elders Longitudinal Research (MELoR). METHODS Community-dwelling adults aged 55 years and over were recruited through electoral roll sampling. Data obtained at baseline and follow-up (FU) at two and five years were included. Falls in the preceding 12 months were recorded. RESULTS Of the 1499 individuals (mean (SD) age= 68.9(7.5) yrs and 53.3% female) with information on baseline ACB exposure, 575(38.4%) had ACB scores of 1-2 and 117(7.8%) had ACB scores ≥3. Differences in age, ethnicity, smoking status, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, arthritis and education existed between ACB groups. Fall occurrence differed between ACB groups at recruitment (p = 0.004) and 2-year FU (p = 0.001) but not at 5-year FU (p = 0.053). Logistic regression revealed an independent association between ACB 1-2 and falls at baseline (odds ratio, OR (95% confidence interval, CI) =1.412(1.035-1.926)) and ACB≥3 and falls at 2-yr FU (OR (95%CI) =2.098(1.032-4.263)) following adjustment for confounders. CONCLUSION Low level exposure to drugs with anticholinergic properties was associated cross-sectionally with falls, while exposure to higher levels were prospectively associated with falls at 2-year but not at 5-year FU. Future studies should determine whether avoidance of drugs with anticholinergic effects will lead to reduction in falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Jiang Xu
- Ageing and Age-Associated Disorders Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Phyo Kyaw Myint
- Ageing Clinical & Experimental Research (ACER) Group, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Sheng Hui Kioh
- Ageing Clinical & Experimental Research (ACER) Group, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom; Department of Chiropractic, Centre for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CCAM), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sumaiyah Mat
- Physiotherapy Program, Centre for Health Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Reena Rajasuriar
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shahrul Bahyah Kamaruzzaman
- Ageing and Age-Associated Disorders Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maw Pin Tan
- Ageing and Age-Associated Disorders Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor.
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Grant A, Aubin MJ, Buhrmann R, Kergoat MJ, Li G, Freeman EE. Visual Impairment, Eye Disease, and 3-Year Cognitive Decline: The Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2021; 29:545-553. [PMID: 34486480 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2021.1974494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the longitudinal association between vision-related variables and the 3-year change in cognitive test scores in a community-dwelling sample of adults and to explore whether sex, education, or hearing loss act as effect modifiers. METHODS Data came from two waves of a 3-year population-based prospective cohort study (Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging), which consisted of 30,097 randomly selected people aged 45-85 years from 7 Canadian provinces. Visual impairment (VI) was defined as binocular presenting visual acuity worse than 20/40. Participants were asked if they had ever had a diagnosis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, or cataract. Cognitive change over 3 years was examined by calculating the difference between baseline and follow-up scores for the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and the RAVLT delayed test (memory tests), the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT) and the Animal Naming Test (ANT) (verbal fluency tests), and the Mental Alternation Test (MAT) (processing speed test). Multiple linear regression was used. RESULTS VI, AMD, and cataract were not associated with 3-year changes on any of the 5 cognitive tests after adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, education, income, smoking, diabetes, stroke, heart disease, and province. A report of glaucoma was associated with greater declines in MAT scores (β = -0.60, 95% CI -1.03, -0.18). No effect modification was detected. CONCLUSIONS Glaucoma was associated with worsening processing speed. Further research to confirm this finding and to understand the possible reason is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Grant
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Aubin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Centre Universitaire d'ophtalmologie de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Espum, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Ralf Buhrmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Marie-Jeanne Kergoat
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Gisele Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Centre Universitaire d'ophtalmologie de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ellen E Freeman
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
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