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O'Donohue MP, Amir Hamzah K, Nichols D, Ney LJ. Trauma film viewing and intrusive memories: Relationship between salivary alpha amylase, endocannabinoids, and cortisol. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 164:107007. [PMID: 38503195 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The endogenous cannabinoid (ECB) system is a small molecule lipid signalling system that is involved in stress response activation and is associated with PTSD, but it is unclear whether salivary ECBs are part of the sympathetic nervous system response to stress. We conducted an adapted trauma film paradigm, where participants completed a cold pressor test (or control) while watching a 10-minute trauma film. We also collected saliva and hair samples and tested them for ECBs, cortisol, and salivary alpha amylase (sAA). As hypothesised, there were significant positive correlations between sAA activity and salivary ECB levels, particularly 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), though ECBs were not correlated with sAA stress reactivity. Participants who had a significant cortisol response to the trauma film/stressor reported less intrusive memories, which were also less distressing and less vivid. This effect was moderated by arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA), where decreases in AEA post-stress were associated with more intrusive memories in cortisol non-responders only. This study provides new evidence for the role of ECBs in the sympathetic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P O'Donohue
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Khalisa Amir Hamzah
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - David Nichols
- Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - Luke J Ney
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
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Hipkaeo W, Kondo H. Localization of phospholipid-related signal molecules in salivary glands of rodents: A review. J Oral Biosci 2023; 65:146-155. [PMID: 37061129 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the 1950s, Hokin conducted initial studies on phosphoinositide turnover/cycle in salivary glandular cells. From these studies, the idea emerged that receptor-mediated changes in intramembranous levels of phosphoinositides represent an early step in the stimulus-response pathway. Based on this idea and the general view that knowledge of the exact localization of a given endogenous molecule in cells in situ is important for understanding its functional significance, we have reviewed available information about the localization of several representative phosphoinositide-signaling molecules in the salivary glands in situ in mice. HIGHLIGHT We focused on phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase, phosphatidylinositol 4 phosphate 5-kinase α, β, γ, phospholipase Cβ, muscarinic cholinoceptors 1 and 3, diacylglycerol kinase ζ, phospholipase D1 and 2, ADP-ribosylation factor 6 and its exchange factors for Arf6, and cannabinoid receptors. These molecules individually exhibit differential localization in a spatiotemporal manner in the exocrine glands, making it possible to deduce their functional significance, such as their involvement in secretion and cell differentiation. CONCLUSION Although phosphoinositide-signaling molecules whose in situ localization in glandular cells has been clarified are still limited, the obtained information on their localization suggests that their functional significance is more valuable in glandular ducts than in acini. It thus suggests the necessity of greater attention to the ducts in their physio-pharmacological analyses. The purpose of this review is to encourage more in situ localization studies of phosphoinositide-signaling molecules with an aim to further understand their possible involvement in the pathogenesis of salivary gland diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiphawi Hipkaeo
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Hisatake Kondo
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, JAPAN
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Andreis K, Billingsley J, Naimi Shirazi K, Wager-Miller J, Johnson C, Bradshaw H, Straiker A. Cannabinoid CB1 receptors regulate salivation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14182. [PMID: 35986066 PMCID: PMC9391487 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17987-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Saliva serves multiple important functions within the body that we typically take for granted, such as helping prepare food for swallowing and defense against oral pathogens. Dry mouth is a primary symptom of Sjӧgren’s syndrome and is a side effect of many drug treatments. Cannabis users frequently report dry mouth, but the basis for this is still unknown. If the effects occur via the endogenous cannabinoid signaling system, then this may represent a novel mechanism for the regulation of salivation. We examined expression of cannabinoid CB1 receptors in submandibular salivary gland using immunohistochemistry and tested regulation of salivation by THC and cannabinoid-related ligands. We now report that CB1 receptors are expressed in the axons of cholinergic neurons innervating the submandibular gland. No staining is seen in submandibular gland epithelial cells (acinar and ductal), or myoepithelial cells (MECs). Treatment with THC (4 mg/kg, IP) or the cannabinoid receptor agonist CP55940 (0.5 mg/kg) reduced salivation in both male and female mice 1 h after treatment. CBD had no effect on its own but reversed the effect of THC in a concentration-dependent manner. Neither the CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716 (4 mg/kg) nor the CB2-selective agonist JWH133 (4 mg/kg) had an effect on salivation. We also found that fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the enzyme that metabolizes the endocannabinoid anandamide and related lipids, regulates salivation. Salivation was reduced in FAAH knockout mice as well as mice treated with the FAAH blocker URB597 (4 mg/kg). URB597 had no effect in CB1 knockout mice. FAAH protein is detected intracellularly in acinar but not ductal epithelial cells. In lipidomics experiments, we found that FAAH knockout mice chiefly had elevated levels of acylethanolamines, including anandamide, and reduced levels of acyglycines. Our results are consistent with a model wherein endocannabinoids activate CB1 receptors on cholinergic axons innervating the submandibular gland. THC likely acts by plugging into this system, activating CB1 receptors to reduce salivation, thus offering a mechanism underlying the dry mouth reported by cannabis users.
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Ney LJ, Crombie KM, Mayo LM, Felmingham KL, Bowser T, Matthews A. Translation of animal endocannabinoid models of PTSD mechanisms to humans: Where to next? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:76-91. [PMID: 34838529 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is known to be involved in mechanisms relevant to PTSD aetiology and maintenance, though this understanding is mostly based on animal models of the disorder. Here we review how human paradigms can successfully translate animal findings to human subjects, with the view that substantially increased insight into the effect of endocannabinoid signalling on stress responding, emotional and intrusive memories, and fear extinction can be gained using modern paradigms and methods for assessing the state of the endocannabinoid system in PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Ney
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Australia; School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
| | - Kevin M Crombie
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, United States
| | - Leah M Mayo
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Kim L Felmingham
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Allison Matthews
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Australia
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Bellocchio L, Inchingolo AD, Inchingolo AM, Lorusso F, Malcangi G, Santacroce L, Scarano A, Bordea IR, Hazballa D, D’Oria MT, Isacco CG, Nucci L, Serpico R, Tartaglia GM, Giovanniello D, Contaldo M, Farronato M, Dipalma G, Inchingolo F. Cannabinoids Drugs and Oral Health-From Recreational Side-Effects to Medicinal Purposes: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158329. [PMID: 34361095 PMCID: PMC8347083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: marijuana, the common name for cannabis sativa preparations, is one of the most consumed drug all over the world, both at therapeutical and recreational levels. With the legalization of medical uses of cannabis in many countries, and even its recreational use in most of these, the prevalence of marijuana use has markedly risen over the last decade. At the same time, there is also a higher prevalence in the health concerns related to cannabis use and abuse. Thus, it is mandatory for oral healthcare operators to know and deal with the consequences and effects of cannabis use on oral cavity health. This review will briefly summarize the components of cannabis and the endocannabinoid system, as well as the cellular and molecular mechanisms of biological cannabis action in human cells and biologic activities on tissues. We will also look into oropharyngeal tissue expression of cannabinoid receptors, together with a putative association of cannabis to several oral diseases. Therefore, this review will elaborate the basic biology and physiology of cannabinoids in human oral tissues with the aim of providing a better comprehension of the effects of its use and abuse on oral health, in order to include cannabinoid usage into dental patient health records as well as good medicinal practice. Methods: the paper selection was performed by PubMed/Medline and EMBASE electronic databases, and reported according to the PRISMA guidelines. The scientific products were included for qualitative analysis. Results: the paper search screened a total of 276 papers. After the initial screening and the eligibility assessment, a total of 32 articles were considered for the qualitative analysis. Conclusions: today, cannabis consumption has been correlated to a higher risk of gingival and periodontal disease, oral infection and cancer of the oral cavity, while the physico-chemical activity has not been completely clarified. Further investigations are necessary to evaluate a therapeutic efficacy of this class of drugs for the promising treatment of several different diseases of the salivary glands and oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Bellocchio
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Endocannabinoids and Neuroadaptation, University of Bordeaux, 33063 Bordeaux, France
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (F.L.); (I.R.B.); Tel.: +33646298623 (L.B.); +39-32-8213-2586 (F.L.); +40-74-4919319 (I.R.B.)
| | - Alessio Danilo Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Study “Aldo Moro”, Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (L.S.); (D.H.); (M.T.D.); (C.G.I.); (G.D.); (F.I.)
| | - Angelo Michele Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Study “Aldo Moro”, Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (L.S.); (D.H.); (M.T.D.); (C.G.I.); (G.D.); (F.I.)
| | - Felice Lorusso
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (F.L.); (I.R.B.); Tel.: +33646298623 (L.B.); +39-32-8213-2586 (F.L.); +40-74-4919319 (I.R.B.)
| | - Giuseppina Malcangi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Study “Aldo Moro”, Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (L.S.); (D.H.); (M.T.D.); (C.G.I.); (G.D.); (F.I.)
| | - Luigi Santacroce
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Study “Aldo Moro”, Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (L.S.); (D.H.); (M.T.D.); (C.G.I.); (G.D.); (F.I.)
| | - Antonio Scarano
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Ioana Roxana Bordea
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (F.L.); (I.R.B.); Tel.: +33646298623 (L.B.); +39-32-8213-2586 (F.L.); +40-74-4919319 (I.R.B.)
| | - Denisa Hazballa
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Study “Aldo Moro”, Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (L.S.); (D.H.); (M.T.D.); (C.G.I.); (G.D.); (F.I.)
- Kongresi Elbasanit, Rruga: Aqif Pasha, 3001 Elbasan, Albania
| | - Maria Teresa D’Oria
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Study “Aldo Moro”, Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (L.S.); (D.H.); (M.T.D.); (C.G.I.); (G.D.); (F.I.)
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze, 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Ciro Gargiulo Isacco
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Study “Aldo Moro”, Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (L.S.); (D.H.); (M.T.D.); (C.G.I.); (G.D.); (F.I.)
- Human Stem Cells Research Center HSC, Ho Chi Minh 70000, Vietnam
- Embryology and Regenerative Medicine and Immunology at Pham Chau Trinh, University of Medicine, Hoi An 51300, Vietnam
| | - Ludovica Nucci
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, via Luigi de Crecchio, 680138 Naples, Italy; (L.N.); (R.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Rosario Serpico
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, via Luigi de Crecchio, 680138 Naples, Italy; (L.N.); (R.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Gianluca Martino Tartaglia
- UOC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Fondazione IRCCS Ca Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy; (G.M.T.); (M.F.)
| | - Delia Giovanniello
- Hospital A.O.S.G. Moscati, Contrada Amoretta, cap, 83100 Avellino, Italy;
| | - Maria Contaldo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, via Luigi de Crecchio, 680138 Naples, Italy; (L.N.); (R.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Marco Farronato
- UOC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Fondazione IRCCS Ca Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy; (G.M.T.); (M.F.)
| | - Gianna Dipalma
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Study “Aldo Moro”, Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (L.S.); (D.H.); (M.T.D.); (C.G.I.); (G.D.); (F.I.)
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Study “Aldo Moro”, Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (G.M.); (L.S.); (D.H.); (M.T.D.); (C.G.I.); (G.D.); (F.I.)
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Ney L, Stone C, Nichols D, Felmingham K, Bruno R, Matthews A. Endocannabinoid reactivity to acute stress: Investigation of the relationship between salivary and plasma levels. Biol Psychol 2021; 159:108022. [PMID: 33460783 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The endogenous cannabinoid (eCB) system has been shown in animal models to regulate the initiation and termination of central nervous responses to stress. In human studies, the role of peripherally measured eCBs is much less clear and the effect in salivary eCBs has not been studied. In this study, we use a novel method to quantify cortisol and eCBs arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) in human saliva, as well as in plasma samples. Forty-five females and 32 males completed a mixed physiological/psychosocial stress-induction study where saliva, and blood samples in males, were collected at baseline, immediately following, 30-minutes following, and 45-minutes following stress induction. Cortisol significantly increased after stress, but there were sex differences in the cortisol response to stress, with females having higher cortisol after stress compared to males. There was a significant increase in salivary levels of 2-AG immediately following stress induction, but no effect of AEA. Salivary AEA was higher in males compared to females. Surprisingly, there was no effect of stress on plasma AEA or 2-AG levels in the male cohort, though small effect sizes for 2-AG were observed, which is consistent with most other human literature. This study is the first to show that the eCB system is active in human saliva and is responsive to acute stress, possibly as part of the sympathetic nervous system response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Ney
- School of Psychology, University of Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Caleb Stone
- School of Psychology, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - David Nichols
- Organic Mass Spectrometry, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kim Felmingham
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia
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Dietary fatty acids and the time elapsed from their intake are related to their composition in rat submandibular gland and salivary flow rates. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 24:4123-4131. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03285-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ney LJ, Felmingham KL, Bruno R, Matthews A, Nichols DS. Simultaneous quantification of endocannabinoids, oleoylethanolamide and steroid hormones in human plasma and saliva. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1152:122252. [PMID: 32615536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous cannabinoids are an increasingly intriguing target for biological research, given the changing legal status of medicinal cannabinoid-based products throughout the world. However, studying the endogenous cannabinoid system is a relatively new field, with few research teams attempting to develop quantitative methods for these important modulatory analytes in human matrices, other than blood. Here we develop and validate simultaneous methods for quantifying arachidonoyl-ethanolamide, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, oleoylethanolamide, cortisol and progesterone in human plasma and saliva using liquid-liquid extraction combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The method was fully validated over the linear concentration range 1-20 ng/mL for each analyte in plasma (R2 = 0.98-0.99) and saliva (R2 = 0.99). We find that salivary endogenous cannabinoids and cortisol are acutely responsive to exercise, suggesting that targeting the saliva system may present a convenient way for future research of endogenous cannabinoids. This finding also encourages a broader understanding of the endogenous cannabinoid system during stress responses, and our method may consequently lead to a better understanding of the role of endogenous cannabinoids in peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Ney
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Kim L Felmingham
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Raimondo Bruno
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - Allison Matthews
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - David S Nichols
- Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Australia
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Liu C, Qi X, Yang D, Neely A, Zhou Z. The effects of cannabis use on oral health. Oral Dis 2019; 26:1366-1374. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.13246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Liu
- School of Dentistry University of Detroit Mercy Detroit MI USA
- School and Hospital of StomatologyHebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Xia Qi
- School of Dentistry University of Detroit Mercy Detroit MI USA
- School and Hospital of StomatologyHebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Dongru Yang
- School and Hospital of StomatologyHebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Anthony Neely
- School of Dentistry University of Detroit Mercy Detroit MI USA
| | - Zheng Zhou
- School of Dentistry University of Detroit Mercy Detroit MI USA
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Thoungseabyoun W, Tachow A, Pakkarato S, Rawangwong A, Krongyut S, Sakaew W, Kondo H, Hipkaeo W. Immunohistochemical localization of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) in the submandibular gland of mice under normal conditions and when stimulated by isoproterenol or carbachol. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 81:160-166. [PMID: 28549258 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We wished to investigate the subcellular localization of CB1, a receptor for the endocannabinoids in mouse submandibular glands (SMGs) under normal conditions and when stimulated by adrenergic or cholinergic agonists. MATERIALS AND METHODS SMGs of both male and female adult mice were utilized for immunoblotting and immuno-light and -electron microscopic analyses. Isoproterenol and carbachol were used as adrenergic and cholinergic stimulants, respectively. SMGs were examined at 15, 30, 60 and 120min after intraperitoneal injection of these agents. RESULTS Selective localization of intense immunoreactivity for CB1 in the granular convoluted ductal cells was confirmed by immunoblotting and the antigen absorption test. In SMGs of control male mice, CB1-immunoreactivity was evident on the basolateral plasma membranes, including the basal infoldings, but was absent on the apical membranes in the ductal cells. Localization and intensity of CB1-immunoreactivity were essentially the same in SMGs of female mice. The immunoreactivity was transiently localized in the apical plasmalemma of some acinar and granular ductal cells of male SMGs shortly after stimulation by isoproterenol, but not by carbachol. CONCLUSION The present finding suggests that CB1 functions primarily in the basolateral membranes of the granular convoluted ductal cells of SMGs under normal conditions, and that the CB1 can function additionally in the apical membrane of acinar and granular ductal cells for modulation of the saliva secretory condition via adrenoceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wipawee Thoungseabyoun
- Nanomorphology-based Apply Research Group & Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Apussara Tachow
- Nanomorphology-based Apply Research Group & Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sawetree Pakkarato
- Nanomorphology-based Apply Research Group & Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Atsara Rawangwong
- Nanomorphology-based Apply Research Group & Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Suthankamon Krongyut
- Nanomorphology-based Apply Research Group & Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Waraporn Sakaew
- Nanomorphology-based Apply Research Group & Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Hisatake Kondo
- Nanomorphology-based Apply Research Group & Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Organ Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Wiphawi Hipkaeo
- Nanomorphology-based Apply Research Group & Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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Terrizzi AR, Fernandez-Solari J, Lee CM, Martínez MP, Conti MI. Lead intoxication under environmental hypoxia impairs oral health. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2014; 77:1304-1310. [PMID: 25268557 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2014.938209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have reported that chronic lead intoxication under hypoxic environment induces alveolar bone loss that can lead to periodontal damage with the subsequent loss of teeth. The aim of the present study was to assess the modification of oral inflammatory parameters involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis in the same experimental model. In gingival tissue, hypoxia increased inducible nitric oxid synthase (iNOS) activity (p < .01) and meanwhile lead decreased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) content (p < .05). In submandibular gland (SMG), iNOS activity was enhanced by lead and PGE2 content was increased by both lead and hypoxia (p < .01) and even more by combined treatments (p < .001). In the SMG, hypoxia stimulated angiogenesis (p < .01) with blood extravasation. Adrenal glands were 22% bigger in those animals exposed to lead under hypoxic conditions. Results suggest a wide participation of inflammatory markers that mediate alveolar bone loss induced by these environmental conditions. The lack of information regarding oral health in lead-contaminated populations that coexist with hypoxia induced us to evaluate the alteration of inflammatory parameters in rat oral tissues to elucidate the link between periodontal damage and these environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonela R Terrizzi
- a Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry , University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
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