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Sakatoku S, Hayashi Y, Futenma T, Sugita Y, Ishizaka R, Nawa H, Iohara K. Periostin Is a Candidate Regulator of the Host Microenvironment in Regeneration of Pulp and Dentin Complex and Periodontal Ligament in Transplantation with Stem Cell-Conditioned Medium. Stem Cells Int 2024; 2024:7685280. [PMID: 38435089 PMCID: PMC10907099 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7685280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The microenvironment is required for tissues to maintain their properties in vivo. This microenvironment encompasses the types and three-dimensional arrangement of cells forming the tissues, and their interactions with neighboring cells and extracellular matrices, as represented by the stem cell niche. Tissue regeneration depends not on the original tissue source of the transplanted cells, but on the microenvironment in which they are transplanted. We have previously reported pulp regeneration in a heterotopic root graft model by transplantation of conditioned medium alone, which suggests that host-derived cells expressing receptors for migration factors in conditioned medium migrate into the root canal and cause pulp regeneration. Regenerative medicine is needed to restore the original function of complex tissues. To achieve this, it is necessary to reproduce the changes in the microenvironment of the host tissue that accompany the regenerative response. Therefore, it is important to reproduce the microenvironment in vivo for further development of tissue regeneration therapy. Periostin is also found in the epithelial-mesenchymal junction, with expression sites that differ depending on the mineralized matrix stage, and is involved in regulation of calcification. Methods We investigate whether periostin contributes to microenvironmental changes in regenerated pulp tissue. Dental pulp stem cells were induced into dentin, and gene expression of DSPP, nestin, DMP1, Runx2, and periostin was analyzed by qPCR and protein expression by IHC. Similarly, gene expression was analyzed using qPCR and protein expression using IHC in regenerated dental pulp obtained by ectopic transplantation. Results Since these regenerated tissues were observable on the same slice, it was possible to understand changes in the microenvironment within the tissues. Conclusions Periostin promoted proliferation of pulp stem cells, migration in type I collagen, and calcification in regenerated pulp, which strongly suggests that periostin is a promising candidate as a factor that contributes to the microenvironment of regenerated pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintarou Sakatoku
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Suemoridouri 2-11, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuki Hayashi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Suemoridouri 2-11, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taku Futenma
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Suemoridouri 2-11, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Sugita
- Department of Oral Pathology and Forensic Odontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryo Ishizaka
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Suemoridouri 2-11, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nawa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Suemoridouri 2-11, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Aichi, Japan
| | - Koichiro Iohara
- Department of Dental Regenerative Medicine, Center of Advanced Medicine for Dental and Oral Diseases, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Morioka 7-430, Obu 474-8511, Aichi, Japan
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Gross T, Dieterle MP, Vach K, Altenburger MJ, Hellwig E, Proksch S. Biomechanical Modulation of Dental Pulp Stem Cell (DPSC) Properties for Soft Tissue Engineering. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10030323. [PMID: 36978714 PMCID: PMC10045720 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10030323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp regeneration strategies frequently result in hard tissue formation and pulp obliteration. The aim of this study was to investigate whether dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) can be directed toward soft tissue differentiation by extracellular elasticity. STRO-1-positive human dental pulp cells were magnetically enriched and cultured on substrates with elasticities of 1.5, 15, and 28 kPa. The morphology of DPSCs was assessed visually. Proteins relevant in mechanobiology ACTB, ITGB1, FAK, p-FAK, TALIN, VINCULIN, PAXILLIN, ERK 1/2, and p-ERK 1/2 were detected by immunofluorescence imaging. Transcription of the pulp marker genes BMP2, BMP4, MMP2, MMP3, MMP13, FN1, and IGF2 as well as the cytokines ANGPT1, VEGF, CCL2, TGFB1, IL2, ANG, and CSF1 was determined using qPCR. A low stiffness, i.e., 1.5 kPa, resulted in a soft tissue-like phenotype and gene expression, whereas DPSCs on 28 kPa substrates exhibited a differentiation signature resembling hard tissues with a low cytokine expression. Conversely, the highest cytokine expression was observed in cells cultured on intermediate elasticity, i.e., 15 kPa, substrates possibly allowing the cells to act as “trophic mediators”. Our observations highlight the impact of biophysical cues for DPSC fate and enable the design of scaffold materials for clinical pulp regeneration that prevent hard tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Gross
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration and Neogenesis, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Engesserstr. 4, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)761-270-48850; Fax: +49-(0)761-270-47620
| | - Martin Philipp Dieterle
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kirstin Vach
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs—University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 26, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Markus Joerg Altenburger
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration and Neogenesis, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Engesserstr. 4, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elmar Hellwig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Proksch
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration and Neogenesis, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Engesserstr. 4, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
- Dental Clinic 1–Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Glückstr. 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Padial-Molina M, Crespo-Lora V, Candido-Corral C, Martin-Morales N, Abril-Garcia D, Galindo-Moreno P, Hernandez-Cortes P, O’Valle F. Expression of Musashi-1 Increases in Bone Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073395. [PMID: 33810326 PMCID: PMC8037090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Musashi-1 (MSI1) is an RNA-binding protein that regulates progenitor cells in adult and developing organisms to maintain self-renewal capacities. The role of musashi-1 in the bone healing environment and its relation with other osteogenic factors is unknown. In the current study, we analyze the expression of MSI1 in an experimental model of rat femoral bone fractures. We also analyze the relation between MSI1 expression and the expression of two osteogenic markers: periostin (POSTN) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). We use histological, immunohistochemical, and qPCR techniques to evaluate bone healing and the expression of MSI1, POSTN, and RUNX2 over time (4, 7, and 14 days). We compare our findings with non-fractured controls. We find that in bone calluses, the number of cells expressing MSI1 and RUNX2 increase over time and the intensity of POSTN expression decreases over time. Within bone calluses, we find the presence of MSI1 expression in mesenchymal stromal cells, osteoblasts, and osteocytes but not in hypertrophic chondrocytes. After 14 days, the expression of MSI1, POSTN, and RUNX2 was significantly correlated. Thus, we conclude that musashi-1 potentially serves in the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells and bone healing. Therefore, further studies are needed to determine the possibility of musashi-1′s role as a clinical biomarker of bone healing and therapeutic agent for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Padial-Molina
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, and Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.P.-M.); (N.M.-M.); (D.A.-G.)
| | - Vicente Crespo-Lora
- Department of Pathology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (V.C.-L.); (C.C.-C.)
| | - Clara Candido-Corral
- Department of Pathology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (V.C.-L.); (C.C.-C.)
| | - Nati Martin-Morales
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, and Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.P.-M.); (N.M.-M.); (D.A.-G.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (V.C.-L.); (C.C.-C.)
| | - Dario Abril-Garcia
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, and Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.P.-M.); (N.M.-M.); (D.A.-G.)
| | - Pablo Galindo-Moreno
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, and Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.P.-M.); (N.M.-M.); (D.A.-G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pedro Hernandez-Cortes
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, San Cecilio University Hospital, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Francisco O’Valle
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER, CIBM), and Institute of Biosanitary (ibs-Granada), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
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Abstract
Periostin is a secreted matricellular protein that primarily interacts with type I collagen and fibronectin extracellular matrix proteins, and is widely distributed in tissues rich in collagen-rich connective tissues, including the periodontal ligament. Its expression in these tissues is especially regulated by mechanical load. While the expression and regulation of periostin in the teeth of murine models and cell lines is well known, its presence in human teeth is poorly documented. Here we update and summarize the available data on the distribution of periostin in the human periodontal ligament, gingiva and dental pulp.
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Periostin, dentin matrix protein 1 and P2rx7 ion channel in human teeth and periodontal ligament. Ann Anat 2018; 216:103-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Wang H, Ma D, Zhang X, Xu S, Ning T, Wu B. Comparative proteomic profiling of human dental pulp stem cells and periodontal ligament stem cells under in vitro osteogenic induction. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 89:9-19. [PMID: 29407636 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the proteomic profiling of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) under in vitro osteogenic induction, which imitates the microenvironment during osteo-/odontogenesis of DPSCs and PDLSCs. DESIGN The proteomic profiles of osteoinduced DPSCs and PDLSCs from a single donor were compared using the isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) technique and subsequent bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS A total of 159 differentially expressed proteins in PDLSCs and DPSCs were identified, 82 of which had a higher expression level in PDLSCs, while 77 were more highly expressed in DPSCs. Among these enriched proteins, certain members from the collagen, heat shock protein and protein S100 families may distinguish osteoinduced PDLSCs and DPSCs. Gene ontology (GO) classification revealed that a large number of the enriched terms distinguishing PDLSCs and DPSCs are involved in catalytic activity, protein binding, regulation of protein metabolic processes and response to stimulus. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated several involved pathways, including the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis pathway, arachidonic acid metabolism pathway and PPAR signaling pathway. Further verification showed that the mineralization and migration capacities of PDLSCs were greater than those of DPSCs, in which heat shock protein beta-1, Protein S100-A10 and S100-A11 may play a part. CONCLUSIONS Less than 5% of the differentially expressed proteins make up the comparative proteomic profile between osteoinduced PDLSCs and DPSCs. This study helps to characterize the differences between osteoinduced PDLSCs and DPSCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China; College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Dandan Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China; College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China; College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shuaimei Xu
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 366 South Jiangnan Avenue, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Tingting Ning
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China; College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Buling Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China; College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Cao J, Wang T, Pu Y, Tang Z, Meng H. Influence on proliferation and adhesion of human gingival fibroblasts from different titanium surface decontamination treatments: An in vitro study. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 87:204-210. [PMID: 29306778 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of different decontamination treatments on microstructure of titanium (Ti) surface as well as proliferation and adhesion of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). MATERIAL AND METHODS Ti discs with machined (M) and sand blasted, acid etched (SAE) surfaces were treated with five different decontamination treatments: (1) stainless steel curette (SSC), ultrasonic system with (2) straight carbon fiber tip (UCF) or (3) metal tip (UM), (4) rotating Ti brush (RTB), and (5) Er:YAG laser (30 mJ/pulse at 30 Hz). Surface roughness was analyzed under optical interferometry. HGFs were cultured on each disc. Proliferation and adhesive strength were analyzed. qRT-PCR and ELISA were performed to detect the RNA and protein expression of FAK, ITGB1, COL1A1, and FN1 respectively from different Ti surfaces. RESULTS Surface roughness increased on M surface. Proliferation, adhesive strength and gene expression were higher on M surface than SAE surface. Decontamination treatments affected surface parameters significantly (P < 0.001), making M surface less smooth while SAE surface became less rough. SSC, UCF, UM and RTB decreased proliferation on M surfaces significantly (P < 0.05). UCF, RTB and laser increased proliferation on SAE surface significantly (P < 0.05). UM decreased adhesive strength on M surface significantly and laser increased adhesive strength on SAE surface significantly (P < 0.05). Gene expression increased with time and was altered by decontamination treatments significantly (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Decontamination treatments influence surface roughness and cell behavior of HGFs. Laser might be an optimal decontamination treatment which has the least negative effect on M surface and the most positive effect on SAE surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cao
- Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, The Second Clinical Division, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Tong Wang
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Dentistry, 4000 East Campus Loop South, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0740, United States
| | - Yinfei Pu
- Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, The Second Clinical Division, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhihui Tang
- Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, The Second Clinical Division, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Huanxin Meng
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Bianco J, De Berdt P, Deumens R, des Rieux A. Taking a bite out of spinal cord injury: do dental stem cells have the teeth for it? Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1413-37. [PMID: 26768693 PMCID: PMC11108394 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2126-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dental stem cells are an emerging star on a stage that is already quite populated. Recently, there has been a lot of hype concerning these cells in dental therapies, especially in regenerative endodontics. It is fitting that most research is concentrated on dental regeneration, although other uses for these cells need to be explored in more detail. Being a true mesenchymal stem cell, their capacities could also prove beneficial in areas outside their natural environment. One such field is the central nervous system, and in particular, repairing the injured spinal cord. One of the most formidable challenges in regenerative medicine is to restore function to the injured spinal cord, and as yet, a cure for paralysis remains to be discovered. A variety of approaches have already been tested, with graft-based strategies utilising cells harbouring appropriate properties for neural regeneration showing encouraging results. Here we present a review focusing on properties of dental stem cells that endorse their use in regenerative medicine, with particular emphasis on repairing the damaged spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bianco
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier, 73, B1 73.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
- Integrated Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, International Clinical Research Center (FNUSA-ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Pauline De Berdt
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier, 73, B1 73.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ronald Deumens
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate B1.54.10, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne des Rieux
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier, 73, B1 73.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
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Cobo T, Obaya A, Cal S, Solares L, Cabo R, Vega JA, Cobo J. Immunohistochemical localization of periostin in human gingiva. Eur J Histochem 2015; 59:2548. [PMID: 26428890 PMCID: PMC4598602 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2015.2548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The periostin is a matricellular protein expressed in collagen-rich tissues including some dental and periodontal tissues where it is regulated by mechanical forces, growth factors and cytokines. Interestingly the expression of this protein has been found modified in different gingival pathologies although the expression of periostin in normal human gingiva was never investigated. Here we used Western blot and double immunofluorescence coupled to laser-confocal microscopy to investigated the occurrence and distribution of periostin in different segments of the human gingival in healthy subjects. By Western blot a protein band with an estimated molecular mass of 94 kDa was observed. Periostin was localized at the epithelial-connective tissue junction, or among the fibers of the periodontal ligament, and never co-localized with cytokeratin or vimentin thus suggesting it is an extracellular protein. These results demonstrate the occurrence of periostin in adult human gingiva; its localization suggests a role in the bidirectional interactions between the connective tissue and the epithelial cells, and therefore in the physiopathological conditions in which these interactions are altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Cobo
- Instituto Asturiano de Odontología.
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