Association of the XPD and XRCC3 gene polymorphisms with oral squamous cell carcinoma in a Northeastern Brazilian population: A pilot study

The association between XPD rs13181 and rs1799793 polymorphism and oral cancer risk: evidence from a meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are common in genes and can lead to dysregulation of gene expression in tissues, which can affect carcinogenesis. Many studies reporting the association between xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD) polymorphisms of rs13181 and rs1799793 with oral cancer risk, but with conflicting and inconclusive results.

METHODS

We performed a comprehensive and systematic search through the PubMed, Elsevier, Web of science, and Embase databases, twelve studies were included in the meta-analysis to determine whether XPD rs13181 and rs1799793 polymorphism contributed to the risk of oral cancer.

RESULTS

The pooled date indicated a significant association between the rs13181 polymorphism and oral cancer risk for the allele comparison model (odds ratio, OR = 1.60, 95% confidence intervals, CI = 1.09-2.35, P = 0.02), the dominant model (OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.08-2.82, P = 0.02), and the heterozygote model (OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.02-2.49, P = 0.04). For the XPD rs1799793 polymorphism, it is not associated with the incidence of oral cancer under any model. Subgroup analyses based on ethnicity indicated that the rs13181 polymorphism increased the risk of oral cancer among Asians according to the allele comparison model (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.10-3.51, P = 0.02), the dominant model (OR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.25-4.44, P = 0.008), the heterozygote model (OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.15-3.66, P = 0.01), and the homozygous model (OR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.06-5.76, P = 0.04).

CONCLUSION

Our meta-analysis suggests a positive correlation between XPD rs13181polymorphism and the development of oral cancer among Asians, but a negative correlation among Caucasians populations.

Targeting DNA damage response as a potential therapeutic strategy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Cells experience both endogenous and exogenous DNA damage daily. To maintain genome integrity and suppress tumorigenesis, individuals have evolutionarily acquired a series of repair functions, termed DNA damage response (DDR), to repair DNA damage and ensure the accurate transmission of genetic information. Defects in DNA damage repair pathways may lead to various diseases, including tumors. Accumulating evidence suggests that alterations in DDR-related genes, such as somatic or germline mutations, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and promoter methylation, are closely related to the occurrence, development, and treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Despite recent advances in surgery combined with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy, there has been no substantial improvement in the survival rate of patients with HNSCC. Therefore, targeting DNA repair pathways may be a promising treatment for HNSCC. In this review, we summarized the sources of DNA damage and DNA damage repair pathways. Further, the role of DNA damage repair pathways in the development of HNSCC and the application of small molecule inhibitors targeting these pathways in the treatment of HNSCC were focused.

A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis on association between X-ray repair cross complementing (XRCC1, XRCC2, and XRCC3) polymorphisms and oral cancer susceptibility

BACKGROUND

Oral Cancer (OC) is one of the leading causes of death and the disease mainly occurs over 50 years of age. Herein, a meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between X-ray repair cross complementing (XRCC) polymorphisms and OC risk.

METHODS

Four databases were searched extensively until June 5, 2020. Subgroup analysis, meta-regression, and funnel plots, as well as the quality assessment were estimated.

RESULTS

Fifteen studies were entered to the analysis. With regards to allele, homozygote, heterozygote, recessive, and dominant models, the pooled ORs for XRCC1 rs1799782 polymorphism were 1.51 (P = 0.01), 1.45 (P = 0.11), 1.45 (P = 0.0003), 1.44 (P = 0.0002), and 1.29 (P = 0.26); for XRCC1 rs1799782 polymorphism were 1.65 (P = 0.11), 1.50 (P = 0.33), 1.06 (P = 0.83), 1.57 (P = 0.12), and 1.32 (P = 0.45); for XRCC1 rs25489 polymorphism were 0.01 (P = 0.19), 1.44 (P = 0.48), 1.21 (P = 0.72), 1.17 (P = 0.19), and 1.38 (P = 0.54); for XRCC2 rs2040639 polymorphism were 0.68 (P = 0.0002), 0.63 (P = 0.02), 0.95 (P = 0.92), 0.79 (P = 0.49), and 0.61 (P = 0.005); and for XRCC3 rs861539 polymorphism were 1.24 (P = 0.20), 1.28 (P = 0.48), 0.99 (P = 0.95), 1.15 (P = 0.46), and 1.52 (P = 0.15), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The T allele and CT genotype of XRCC1 rs1799782 polymorphism had an elevated risk, whereas the G allele and GG genotype of XRCC2 rs2040639 polymorphism had a protective role in OC.

DNA repair, NFKβ, and TP53 polymorphisms associated with potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma in Argentine patients

OBJECTIVE

An important strategy in cancer prevention is to identify individual susceptibilities for cancer development through the genomic profile. Developing countries such as Argentina have no data on genetic composition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the single nucleotide polymorphisms of genes related to DNA repair (XCCR3, XPD), cell cycle arrest/apoptosis (TP53), and inflammation (NFKβ) of patients with precancer and oral cancer and to contribute to recognizing potential risk of developing these pathologies, and incorporate the risk patients into a clinical follow-up program in Córdoba, Argentina.

STUDY DESIGN

A cross-sectional study was performed on 140 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), and controls. Genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms was performed using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction or restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques. The variables were evaluated by bivariate and multivariate statistical methods, with P < .05 statistically significant.

RESULTS

The multiple correspondence analyses showed that patients with OSCC are clustered with the T allele of XRCC3 T241 M and the C allele of TP53 R72 P, and patients with OPMDs are clustered with the T allele of NFKβ-519.

CONCLUSION

Our preliminary results showed that the C allele of the Pro72 variant of TP53 was related to OSSC and OPMD, and the T allele of NFKβ-519 is related to OPMDs in Argentine patients.

Risk Modulation of Oral Pre Cancer and Cancer with Polymorphisms in XPD and XPG Genes in North Indian Population

Background:

Environmental carcinogens cause DNA damages which if not repaired properly, may increase the risk of cancer. The Xerodermapigmentosum group D (XPD) and group G (XPG) genes are essential genes for DNA repair and alteration in DNA repair causes cancer. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between XPD and XPG polymorphisms and risk of oral pre cancer and cancer.

Methods:

Present study genotyped 302 samples of oral diseases and 300 controls for XPD (A/C) and XPG (G/C) polymorphisms with PCR-RFLP method.

Results:

Our result showed that compared to AA genotype frequency of AC and CC genotype for XPD(A/C) polymorphism were significantly lower among cases than in control and are associated with decreased risk of oral diseases (OR= 0.621 and 0.603 respectively). In contrast with reference to GG genotype the frequency of CC genotype of XPG (G/C) was significantly higher in case than in control population (p value=0.004) and found to increase the risk of oral diseases (OR= 2.077). Particularly C allele for XPD A/C polymorphism was found to be associated with decreased risk of Lichen planus and increased risk of ( OR = 0.470 and 1.541 respectively) oral cancer. While C allele of XPG G/C polymorphism significantly increased the risk of Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Leukoplakia (OR= 1.879 and 1.837 respectively) but not of Lichen planus and oral cancer. In combined genotype analysis from the aforesaid polymorphisms presence of C allele for XPD (A/C) polymorphisms were found to decrease the risk of oral diseases. However, the same C allele was observed to increase the chance of having high stage disease (OR= 5.71) with nodal involvement (OR= 6.78) once the cancer been initiated.

Conclusion:

This work shows association of XPD (A/C), XPG (G/C) polymorphisms with the development of pre oral cancer as well as oral cancer and its clinical courses.

A literature review and systematic meta-analysis on XRCC3 Thr241Met polymorphism associating with susceptibility of oral cancer

Oral cancer is very common, occurring on head as well as neck region with poor prognosis. The X-ray repair cross-complementing group 3 (XRCC3) gene contained in DNA repairing pathway has been investigated for its functional role in oral cancer. Nevertheless, the corresponding results are inconclusive. This study investigated the association of XRCC3 Thr241Met polymorphism regarding oral cancer risk. Article and literature searches were performed using Embase, Medline, PubMed, Wanfang and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases with a manual search. The keywords of ‘XRCC3 or X-ray repair cross complementing protein 3’, ‘polymorphism or SNP’, ‘oral cancer or oral squamous cell carcinoma’ and their combinations were used to search literature. In accordance with the criteria of inclusion, we focused on only case-and-control studies with the distribution of genotypes and alleles being available to be extracted. Systematic meta-analysis was conducted via the STATA software (version 11.0). After a comprehensive literature collection and review, 1,615 oral cancer cases and 1,897 matched controls extracted from 7 articles were included for this meta-analysis. Our results show that only Met/Met (TT) genotype with the recessive model was associated with high risk of oral cancer (CC + CT vs. TT, OR=1.81, P=0.001, 95% CI=1.28–2.567). A significant relationship was identified under both homozygous and recessive model in Asians (CC vs. TT: OR=2.15, 95% CI=1.107–4.170, P=0.024; CT + CC vs. TT: OR=2.140, 95% CI=1.105–4.144, P=0.024), but not among Caucasians (P>0.05). The results indicate that XRCC3 241Met allele might be a potential factor for oral cancer risk, particularly among Asian population. A further study using a larger population and more ethnicities should be performed to confirm the findings.

Role of DNA repair genes XRCC3 and XRCC1 in predisposition to type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy

INTRODUCTION

Increasing number of experimental and clinical studies suggest a strong relationship between hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, DNA damage and diabetic nephropathy (DN). Also, epidemiologic studies remark an enhanced risk of cancer with type 2 diabetes. This research aims to assess whether the X-ray cross complementing group 3 (XRCC3) gene T241M polymorphism (rs861539) and X-ray cross complementing group 1 (XRCC1) gene A399G polymorphism (rs25487) are related with predisposition to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to diabetic nephropathy in Turkish population.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was performed to identify the distribution of genotypes and frequency of alleles of T241M polymorphism of the XRCC3 gene (XRCC3 T241M) and A399G polymorphism of the XRCC1 gene (XRCC1 A399G). The study population included 238 subjects residing in Istanbul, Turkey; 116 with T2DM, 50 with DN and 72 with normal glucose metabolism.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION

Polymorphic Gln allele of XRCC1 gene was significantly related with T2DM and DN (OR 3.09, 95% CI 1.14-8.40 and OR 3.29 95% CI 1.23-8.80, respectively) however, there was no statistical association of XRCC3 T241M with T2DM or DN. The results of this study suggest that XRCC1 399Gln polymorphism is related with an increased susceptibility to T2DM and DN in the studied Turkish population.

DNA base excision repair proteins APE-1 and XRCC-1 are overexpressed in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND

DNA repair systems play a critical role in protecting the human genome from damage caused by carcinogens. Modifications in DNA repair genes may be responsible for tumor development and resistance of malignant cells to chemotherapeutic agents. The major pathway for oxidative DNA damage repair is the base excision repair pathway. This study aimed to assess the immunoexpression of DNA repair proteins APE-1 and XRCC-1 and its association with clinical, histologic, and survival parameters in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma, to investigate a possible role for those proteins in tumor behavior.

METHODS

The expression of APE-1 and XRCC-1 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 82 cases of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Histopathological grading was performed for each case. Pearson's chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to determine the association between protein expressions and clinicopathological features of tumors, whereas Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression were used to analyze disease-specific and disease-free survival. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05.

RESULTS

APE-1 was highly expressed in the nucleus and cytoplasm in 64.6% of cases, and XRCC-1 showed overexpression only in the nucleus in 61% of cases. High expression of XRCC-1 was significantly associated with tumors at early clinical stages (I and II, P < 0.01) and nodal status (P = 0.03). Both proteins were not associated with other clinical parameters, histopathological grading, or survival.

CONCLUSIONS

DNA base excision repair proteins APE-1 and XRCC-1 are upregulated in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma, and XRCC-1 expression is associated with better clinical staging and nodal status.

Genomewide miRNA profiling of oral lichenoid disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma

OBJECTIVE

To dissect the aberrant microRNA profile of oral lichenoid disorders (OLD) by analyzing the larger set of OLD samples tested so far.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

MicroRNA expression profiles were assessed using TLDA card in 32 samples (16 OLD, 8 OSCC, and 8 control). The findings were validated using RT-qPCR in an independent cohort of 91 samples.

RESULTS

We identified 20 differentially expressed microRNAs in OLD, of which several are functionally related to cell proliferation, response to organic substances, or immune processes. Further validation of the top-ranked microRNAs revealed that they were all aberrantly expressed in OLD.

CONCLUSION

We have identified a new microRNA signature associated with OLD that may provide a meaningful basis for better understanding the physiopathology of the disease. In addition, we validated seven microRNAs whose expression was shown to be higher in OLD tissue in comparison with the control and OSCC tissues.