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Fischbach W, Bornschein J, Hoffmann JC, Koletzko S, Link A, Macke L, Malfertheiner P, Schütte K, Selgrad DM, Suerbaum S, Schulz C. Update S2k-Guideline Helicobacter pylori and gastroduodenal ulcer disease of the German Society of Gastroenterology, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases (DGVS). ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2024; 62:261-321. [PMID: 38364851 DOI: 10.1055/a-2181-2225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Bornschein
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit John, John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jörg C Hoffmann
- Medizinische Klinik I, St. Marien- und St. Annastiftskrankenhaus, Ludwigshafen, Deutschland
| | - Sibylle Koletzko
- Kinderklinik und Kinderpoliklinik im Dr. von Haunerschen Kinderspital, LMU-Klinikum Munich, Munich, Deutschland
- Department of Paediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, School of Medicine Collegium Medicum University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Alexander Link
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Deutschland
| | - Lukas Macke
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II Campus Großhadern, Universitätsklinikum Munich, Munich, Deutschland
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Standort Munich, Munich, Deutschland
| | - Peter Malfertheiner
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Deutschland
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II Campus Großhadern, Universitätsklinikum Munich, Munich, Deutschland
| | - Kerstin Schütte
- Klinik für Allgemeine Innere Medizin und Gastroenterologie, Niels-Stensen-Kliniken Marienhospital Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Deutschland
| | - Dieter-Michael Selgrad
- Medizinische Klinik Gastroenterologie und Onkologie, Klinikum Fürstenfeldbruck, Fürstenfeldbruck, Deutschland
- Klinik für Innere Medizin 1, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - Sebastian Suerbaum
- Universität Munich, Max von Pettenkofer-Institut für Hygiene und Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Munich, Deutschland
- Nationales Referenzzentrum Helicobacter pylori, Pettenkoferstr. 9a, 80336 Munich, Deutschland
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Standort Munich, Munich, Deutschland
| | - Christian Schulz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II Campus Großhadern, Universitätsklinikum Munich, Munich, Deutschland
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Standort Munich, Munich, Deutschland
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Mubarak AG, Abd-Elhafeez HH, Mohamed HMA. Molecular characterization of Helicobacter pylori isolated from Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and fish handlers. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:250. [PMID: 38031127 PMCID: PMC10685712 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03819-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori is a worldwide pathogen that affects both animals and humans with a wide environmental distribution, causing serious health problems in humans. This research has timely addressed the topic of new sources of H. pylori infection, which is currently a global issue, especially in developing countries. For this purpose, 115 Tilapia fish, 50 freshwater samples, and 88 fish-handlers' stool samples were investigated for the presence of H. pylori in Qena Governorate, Egypt. The applied techniques were antigen screening tests, culturing, and molecular methods through ureC gene amplification, and 16 S rRNA characterization. RESULTS Helicobacter pylori was detected in 7.83%, 14%, 4.35%, and 12% of the investigated fish and water samples by culture and PCR methods, respectively. Out of the total studied participants, 40 tested positive for H. pylori when screened by stool antigen test, of which 35 (39.77%), and 31 (35.23%) were confirmed by conventional and molecular techniques, respectively. The Fisher's exact test has shown a statistically significant correlation between H. pylori infection, sex, and age as risk factors, while the association was insignificant concerning the residence. Males contracted the infection at a higher rate than females (48.08% and 16.67%, respectively). Also, H. pylori infection rate was the highest among fish-handlers aged 36-45 years old (46.67%), followed by the 26-35 years old age group (39.53%). With regard to the residence, a higher occurrence rate was recorded in the rural (36.07%) than the urban population (33.33%). Helicobacter pylori isolates harbored the highest antimicrobial resistance against ampicillin (100%), metronidazole (95.24%), while the least antimicrobial resistance was recorded against levofloxacin (21.43%), and clarithromycin (26.20%). The phylogenetic analysis revealed a high degree of homology between the isolates selected from Tilapia fish, freshwater, and fish-handlers. CONCLUSIONS Our data emphasized the role that fish and freshwater play in disseminating H. pylori infection as one of the diseases that has a significant public health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Gaber Mubarak
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
| | - Hanan H Abd-Elhafeez
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
| | - Hams M A Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
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Aktualisierte S2k-Leitlinie Helicobacter
pylori und gastroduodenale Ulkuskrankheit der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS) – Juli 2022 – AWMF-Registernummer: 021–001. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2023; 61:544-606. [PMID: 37146633 DOI: 10.1055/a-1975-0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
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Sulo P, Šipková B. DNA diagnostics for reliable and universal identification of Helicobacter pylori. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:7100-7112. [PMID: 34887630 PMCID: PMC8613642 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i41.7100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reliable diagnostics are a major challenge for the detection and treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Currently at the forefront are non-invasive urea breath test (UBT) and stool antigen test (SAT). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is not endorsed due to nonspecific primers and the threat of false-positives. The specificity of DNA amplification can be achieved by nested PCR (NPCR), which involves two rounds of PCR. If the primers are properly designed for the variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene, it is not difficult to develop an NPCR assay for the unambiguous identification of H. pylori. Elaborate NPCR for a 454 bp amplicon was validated on 81 clinical biopsy, stool, and saliva samples, each from the same individuals, and compared with available H. pylori assays, namely histology, rapid urease test, SAT, and 13C-UBT. The assay was much more sensitive than simple PCR, and it was equally sensitive in biopsy samples as the 13C-UBT test, which is considered the gold standard. In addition, it is sufficiently specific because sequencing of the PCR products exclusively confirmed the presence of H. pylori-specific DNA. However, due to the threshold and lower abundance, the sensitivity was much lower in amplifications from stool or saliva. Reliable detection in saliva also complicates the ability of H. pylori to survive in the oral cavity aside from and independent of the stomach. The reason for the lower sensitivity in stool is DNA degradation; therefore, a new NPCR assay was developed to obtain a shorter 148 bp 16S rRNA amplicon. The assay was validated on stool samples from 208 gastroenterological patients and compared to SAT results. Surprisingly, this NPCR revealed the presence of H. pylori in twice the number of samples as SAT, indicating that many patients are misdiagnosed, not treated by antibiotics, and their problems are interpreted as chronic. Thus, it is unclear how to properly diagnose H. pylori in practice. In the first approach, SAT or UBT is sufficient. If samples are negative, the 148 bp amplicon NPCR assay should be performed. If problems persist, patients should not be considered negative, but due to threshold H. pylori abundance, they should be periodically tested. The advantage of NPCR over UBT is that it can be used universally, including questionable samples taken from patients with achlorhydria, receiving proton pump inhibitors, antibiotics, bismuth compound, intestinal metaplasia, or gastric ulcer bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavol Sulo
- Department of Biochemistry, Comenius University, Bratislava 842 15, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Šipková
- Department of Biochemistry, Comenius University, Bratislava 842 15, Slovakia
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Mao X, Jakubovics NS, Bächle M, Buchalla W, Hiller KA, Maisch T, Hellwig E, Kirschneck C, Gessner A, Al-Ahmad A, Cieplik F. Colonization of Helicobacter pylori in the oral cavity - an endless controversy? Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:612-629. [PMID: 33899666 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1907740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is associated with chronic gastritis, gastric or duodenal ulcers, and gastric cancer. Since the oral cavity is the entry port and the first component of the gastrointestinal system, the oral cavity has been discussed as a potential reservoir of H. pylori. Accordingly, a potential oral-oral transmission route of H. pylori raises the question concerning whether close contact such as kissing or sharing a meal can cause the transmission of H. pylori. Therefore, this topic has been investigated in many studies, applying different techniques for detection of H. pylori from oral samples, i.e. molecular techniques, immunological or biochemical methods and traditional culture techniques. While molecular, immunological or biochemical methods usually yield high detection rates, there is no definitive evidence that H. pylori has ever been isolated from the oral cavity. The specificity of those methods may be limited due to potential cross-reactivity, especially with H. pylori-like microorganisms such as Campylobacter spp. Furthermore, the influence of gastroesophageal reflux has not been investigated so far. This review aims to summarize and critically discuss previous studies investigating the potential colonization of H. pylori in the oral cavity and suggest novel research directions for targeting this critical research question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Mao
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nicholas S Jakubovics
- Centre for Oral Health Research, School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Maria Bächle
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Buchalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Anton Hiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tim Maisch
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Elmar Hellwig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - André Gessner
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ali Al-Ahmad
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Cieplik
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Bertolo Guariento MR, Pereira da Silva J, Guariento GB, Pinasco GC, Sales AB, Alves CBR, Pimassoni LHS, Ramos-Silva V. Children and adolescents’ health on focus: Gastrointestinal injuries associated with Helicobacter pylori. REVISTA CIÊNCIAS EM SAÚDE 2020. [DOI: 10.21876/rcshci.v10i4.1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To describe the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (HP) in children and adolescents, and to assess its association with lesions in the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum according to the patient’s life cycle. Methodsː A cross-sectional analytical study with children and adolescents referred to a gastroenterology service and underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy at a hospital in Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil, from 2001 to 2013. Variables analyzed were the following: sex, age, macro and microscopic alterations and severity of infestation. The Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests and adjusted residue analysis were used (α = 5%). Resultsː the prevalence of infection was 24.4%. Esophagitis (29.4%) and gastritis (34.1%) were associated with HP. The life cycle was associated with esophagitis and duodenitis. Infection was associated with life cycle: infants (0.8%), preschool children (10.5%), school-aged children (16.5%), and adolescents (72.2%). The residues showed a strong association between HP and gastritis, and no association between the school-aged and esophagitis. Adolescents were the major contributors to the association between life cycle and infection, and life cycle and lesion. Conclusionsː Infection with HP was associated with esophagitis and gastritis and was higher among adolescents, who had a marked tendency to develop gastritis and a milder tendency to develop esophagitis. The tendency of developing infection and gastritis was not present in the other life cycles. Public policies focusing on promotion and protecting health, especially in vulnerable population groups, are needed.
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YU X, FENG D, WANG G, DONG Z, ZHOU Q, ZHANG Y. Correlation Analysis of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Digestive Tract Symptoms in Children and Related Factors of Infection. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 49:1912-1920. [PMID: 33346225 PMCID: PMC7719659 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v49i10.4694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To analyze the correlation between Helicobacter pylori infection and digestive tract symptoms in children and other related factors, and to explore the risk factors of H. pylori infection in children and the expression of inflammatory factors in H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative children. METHODS Overall, 234 children with H. pylori test in Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University (Xuzhou, China) were enrolled. Among them, 73 children were H. pylori-positive and 161 were H. pylori-negative. The expression levels of cytokines interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-18 (IL-18) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative children were determined by ELISA. The correlation between H. pylori-positive and general data, digestive tract symptoms, other clinical symptoms, living habits, eating habits, family history and other related factors was statistically analyzed. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the independent risk factors of H. pylori infection in children. RESULTS Family monthly income, inattentive eating, sharing toothbrushes and cups, gnawing fingers, eating fried food, drinking raw water, eating smoked and pickled food, father suffering from gastropathy and mother suffering from gastropathy were independent risk factors for H. pylori infection in children. The most common digestive tract symptoms of children with H. pylori infection were abdominal pain, accompanied by one or more clinical symptoms. The expression levels of IL-8, IL-18 and IFN-γ in H. pylori-positive children were significantly higher than those in H. pylori-negative children. CONCLUSION Prevention of H. pylori infection in children is helpful for healthy growth of children, and cytokines IL-8, IL-18, IFN-γ have the potential to be used as biomarkers for diagnosis of H. pylori-positive children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong YU
- Digestive System Department, Xuzhou Children’s Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, P.R. China
| | - Dongjin FENG
- Digestive System Department, Xuzhou Children’s Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, P.R. China
| | - Guangmeng WANG
- Digestive System Department, Xuzhou Children’s Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, P.R. China
| | - Zhongmao DONG
- Digestive System Department, Xuzhou Children’s Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, P.R. China
| | - Qi ZHOU
- Digestive System Department, Xuzhou Children’s Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, P.R. China
| | - Yuan ZHANG
- Digestive System Department, Xuzhou Children’s Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, P.R. China
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Dentists Are at a Higher Risk for Oral Helicobacter pylori Infection. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3945189. [PMID: 32695813 PMCID: PMC7361889 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3945189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Oral cavity has been taken as one of the major reservoirs for Helicobacter pylori, the bacteria responsible for gastric infection and cancers. Dentists are frequently exposed to saliva; thus, theoretically, they are at a higher risk for oral H. pylori infection. In the present study, to test this hypothesis and to find out the potential factors associated with the increased risk, a cross-sectional study was carried out on a large scale of dentists (N = 90) and nondentist controls (N = 110). By using nested polymerase chain reaction to amplify a specific DNA fragment of H. pylori, we found 7.27% of saliva samples from the nondentist group and 16.67% of saliva samples from the dentist group were oral H. pylori positive, and the difference between groups was statistically significant (χ2 = 4.292, p = 0.038). Importantly, however, after stratifying enrolled subjects with factors which might interfere with the comparison of H. pylori detection rate between groups, we still observed a higher H. pylori frequency in the dentists than that in the controls in subgroups, including those with good individual hygiene, healthy lifestyle, and physical condition, as well as those living with families to be gastric disease free and not sharing meals with H. pylori-positive persons, respectively. Moreover, the frequency of clinical practice per week of the investigated dentists was closely associated with an oral H. pylori infection risk. Our data indicates that dentists are at a higher risk for H. pylori infection, and intensive attention needs to be paid on this issue.
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Sukri A, Hanafiah A, Mohamad Zin N, Kosai NR. Epidemiology and role of Helicobacter pylori virulence factors in gastric cancer carcinogenesis. APMIS 2020; 128:150-161. [PMID: 32352605 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Infection with Helicobacter pylori is associated with the development of gastric cancer. Although the prevalence of gastric cancer has declined throughout years due to improvement in early screening strategy, mortality due to gastric cancer has not changed. Incidence and mortality due to gastric cancer are higher in developing countries as compared to developed countries. Diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer are still poor with patients usually diagnosed with cancer at an advanced stage. Eradication of H. pylori is pertinent for the prevention of gastric cancer. However, the rise in antimicrobial resistance among H. pylori isolates has complicated the prevention strategy. H. pylori express multiple virulence factors for survival in the hostile acid gastric environment. The expression of oncogenic protein cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA), and outer inflammatory protein is essential for H. pylori to exert pathogenesis towards the host. Interestingly, <3% of H. pylori-infected subjects develop gastric cancer, suggesting a unique way of interaction between the host's immune response and H. pylori virulence factors. This article is aimed to review the epidemiology and role of H. pylori in gastric carcinogenesis. A better understanding of the interaction between H. pylori virulence factors and host is required for better gastric cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Sukri
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Alfizah Hanafiah
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noraziah Mohamad Zin
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nik Ritza Kosai
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Kashyap D, Baral B, Verma TP, Sonkar C, Chatterji D, Jain AK, Jha HC. Oral rinses in growth inhibition and treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:45. [PMID: 32131741 PMCID: PMC7055109 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01728-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is well-known for its role in chronic gastritis and gastric cancer. Eradication of these carcinogenic bacteria from the gut is one of the challenges for clinicians. The complexity of treatment mainly owes to antibiotic resistance and relapse due to an additional reservoir in the oral cavity. Our study emphases the isolation of H. pylori from distinct habitats of the gut microenvironment (gastric biopsy and gastric juice) and its subsequent characterization. We have also evaluated the effect of various oral rinses on isolated H. pylori from different anatomical locations of included subjects. RESULTS The possible strains isolated from two different habitats of the same subject shows a striking difference in their growth pattern. Promisingly, some of the included oral rinses are efficient in growth inhibition as per recommended 30 s treatment. The subsequent evaluation shows that oral rinse B (among A-E) is most effective and down-regulates the expression of one of the potent H. pylori gene, CagA, in the infected gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells. CONCLUSION Our study, for the first time, revealed that H. pylori, isolated from the different habitat of the same subject, show a different growth pattern. The expression of H. pylori pathogenic gene (CagA) was down-regulated by the use of oral rinses. Hence, oral rinses will reduce the H. pylori in the oral cavity and help to control its migration from oral to the gastric compartment and may be used as an adjuvant treatment option for its re-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kashyap
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, 453552, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Budhadev Baral
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, 453552, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Tarun Prakash Verma
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, 453552, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Charu Sonkar
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, 453552, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Debi Chatterji
- Choithram Hospital and Research Centre, 452014, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Jain
- Choithram Hospital and Research Centre, 452014, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Hem C Jha
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, 453552, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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Bie M, Wen J, Wang H, Zhou L, Yang L, Pan Y, Luo J, Liu C, Li M, Wang B. Phylogenetic analysis of clinical strains of Helicobacter pylori isolated from patients with gastric diseases in Tibet. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:320. [PMID: 31475190 PMCID: PMC6694268 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.05.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium that causes chronic gastritis and other gastric diseases in humans. In Tibet, China, the infection of H. pylori is an important risk factor that caused gastric cancer. METHODS To understand the characteristics of this pathogen in Tibet, five strains of H. pylori were isolated from three patients' oral cavity or stomach who had either a gastric ulcer or gastritis. We performed genome sequences of these five clinical strains on Illumina Hiseq, and 55,016-63666 SNVs/InDels were identified by comparing to the reference strain of H. pylori 26995. RESULTS The phylogenetic analysis with multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) showed that five Tibetan strains were defined as hpEurope population and their proteins encoded by the cagA gene also presented a western type. Also, the strains that were isolated from the same patients' oral cavity and stomach exhibited homology in molecular evolution. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to investigate the phylogenetic population structure of the epidemic strains of H. pylori in Tibet, which may improve cognition of Tibetan strains and confirm the homology of the strains from oral cavity and stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjiang Bie
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Medical College of Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
- West China Fourth Hospital of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition), Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jirui Wen
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongren Wang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Linlin Zhou
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Medical College of Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Yongyue Pan
- Medical College of Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Jun Luo
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu Office, People’s Government of Tibet Autonomous Region, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mingyuan Li
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Baoning Wang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Flores-Treviño CE, Urrutia-Baca VH, Gómez-Flores R, De La Garza-Ramos MA, Sánchez-Chaparro MM, Garza-Elizondo MA. Molecular detection of Helicobacter pylori based on the presence of cagA and vacA virulence genes in dental plaque from patients with periodontitis. J Dent Sci 2019; 14:163-170. [PMID: 31210890 PMCID: PMC6562180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the most common in the world and is associated with various gastrointestinal pathologies, including chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. The prevalence is associated with socioeconomic conditions, with this infection being more common in developing countries than in developed countries. The presence and permanence of H. pylori in the oral cavity has been reported, but its role is controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of H. pylori in dental plaque of patients with periodontitis. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was carried out and Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR) index was determined. 38 dental plaque samples were taken and total DNA was extracted and qPCR was performed. Results 60.5% of the samples (n = 23) were positive for the presence of H. pylori by the amplification of the 16S rRNA and vacA genes. In addition, cagA gene was detected in 21.7% (n = 5) of H. pylori-positive. A significant relationship between periodontal status and H. pylori oral infection was found (P ≤ 0.05); patients with initial and moderate periodontitis were the most affected with 39.1% and 30.4%, respectively. Conclusion Our results suggest that the prevalence of H. pylori in the oral cavity could be related to the progression of periodontal disease. Therefore, oral hygiene and treatment for the elimination of oral H. pylori could stop the progression of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Flores-Treviño
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Odontología y Unidad de Odontología Integral y Especialidades del CIDICS, Av. Dr. Aguirre Pequeño y Silao S/N, Colonia Mitras Centro, CP. 64460, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico.,Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Pedro de Alba y Manuel L. Barragán S/N. Cd. Universitaria, CP. 66450, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., Mexico
| | - Víctor Hugo Urrutia-Baca
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Pedro de Alba y Manuel L. Barragán S/N. Cd. Universitaria, CP. 66450, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., Mexico
| | - Ricardo Gómez-Flores
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Pedro de Alba y Manuel L. Barragán S/N. Cd. Universitaria, CP. 66450, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., Mexico
| | - Myriam Angélica De La Garza-Ramos
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Odontología y Unidad de Odontología Integral y Especialidades del CIDICS, Av. Dr. Aguirre Pequeño y Silao S/N, Colonia Mitras Centro, CP. 64460, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - María Marisela Sánchez-Chaparro
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Pedro de Alba y Manuel L. Barragán S/N. Cd. Universitaria, CP. 66450, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., Mexico
| | - Mario Alberto Garza-Elizondo
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Odontología y Unidad de Odontología Integral y Especialidades del CIDICS, Av. Dr. Aguirre Pequeño y Silao S/N, Colonia Mitras Centro, CP. 64460, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
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13
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Chua EG, Chong JY, Lamichhane B, Webberley KM, Marshall BJ, Wise MJ, Tay CY. Gastric Helicobacter pylori infection perturbs human oral microbiota. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6336. [PMID: 30713820 PMCID: PMC6354663 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the effects of gastric Helicobacter pylori infection on the daytime and overnight human oral microbiota. Methods Twenty four volunteers were recruited. Ten tested positive for H. pylori infection by the Carbon-14 Urea Breath Test, and the rest were negative. Two oral swabs were collected: one immediately after waking up in the morning and before brushing teeth, and another in the evening before teeth-brushing. DNA extract acquired from each swab was subjected to Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. The microbial abundance and composition were analysed in relation to H. pylori infection status. Results Helicobacter pylori-positive individuals had significant changes in the alpha and beta diversities in the daytime samples in comparison to those who were H. pylori negative. To identify which taxa could be significantly affected within the cohorts in the daytime, we employed the LEfSe method. When compared against UBT-negative samples, significantly higher abundances were detected in both Pseudomonas and Roseomonas, while Fusobacterium, Solobacterium, Haemophilus and Streptococcus were significantly decreased in the UBT-positive samples. Discussion Our data demonstrated that H. pylori infection affects the human daytime oral microbiota. The hitherto undocumented changes of several bacterial genera due to H. pylori infection require more studies to examine their potential health effects on affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eng-Guan Chua
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ju-Yee Chong
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Binit Lamichhane
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - K Mary Webberley
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Barry J Marshall
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Shenzhen Dapeng New District Kuichong People Hospital, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Michael J Wise
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Computer Science and Software Engineering, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Chin-Yen Tay
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Shenzhen Dapeng New District Kuichong People Hospital, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China
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14
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Aguilar-Luis MA, Palacios-Cuervo F, Espinal-Reyes F, Calderón-Rivera A, Levy-Blitchtein S, Palomares-Reyes C, Silva-Caso W, Zavaleta-Gavidia V, Bazán-Mayra J, Cornejo-Tapia A, Del Valle-Mendoza J, Del Valle LJ. Highly clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori infection in asymptomatic children from a rural community of Cajamarca-Peru. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:809. [PMID: 30428917 PMCID: PMC6236992 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3919-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori in asymptomatic children in a rural community of Cajamarca (northern Peru). Results Helicobacter pylori was detected in 17.2% (49/285) of the samples. Unboiled water consumption the most frequent associated factor in patients with positive PCR for H. pylori infection (93.9%). Clarithromycin resistant mutations were found in 79.6% (39/49) of the positive samples for H. pylori. The most frequent mutation was A2142G (46.9%), followed by the double-mutation A2142G–A2143G (28.6%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Aguilar-Luis
- School of Medicine, Research and Innovation Center of the Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. San marcos Cdra 2, Chorrillos, Lima, Peru.,Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru
| | - Fernando Palacios-Cuervo
- School of Medicine, Research and Innovation Center of the Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. San marcos Cdra 2, Chorrillos, Lima, Peru
| | - Fátima Espinal-Reyes
- School of Medicine, Research and Innovation Center of the Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. San marcos Cdra 2, Chorrillos, Lima, Peru
| | - Andrea Calderón-Rivera
- School of Medicine, Research and Innovation Center of the Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. San marcos Cdra 2, Chorrillos, Lima, Peru
| | - Saúl Levy-Blitchtein
- School of Medicine, Research and Innovation Center of the Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. San marcos Cdra 2, Chorrillos, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Wilmer Silva-Caso
- School of Medicine, Research and Innovation Center of the Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. San marcos Cdra 2, Chorrillos, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Jorge Bazán-Mayra
- Dirección Regional de Salud de Cajamarca (DIRESA-Cajamarca), Cajamarca, Peru
| | - Angela Cornejo-Tapia
- School of Medicine, Research and Innovation Center of the Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. San marcos Cdra 2, Chorrillos, Lima, Peru
| | - Juana Del Valle-Mendoza
- School of Medicine, Research and Innovation Center of the Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. San marcos Cdra 2, Chorrillos, Lima, Peru. .,Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru.
| | - Luis J Del Valle
- Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universidad Politecnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona Tech, Barcelona, Spain.
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15
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Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is acquired mainly in childhood and remains an essential cause of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. This article provides commentary on the last ESPGHAN/NASPGHAN guidelines and on publications made after the consensus conference of 2015. The majority of infected children are asymptomatic and pediatric studies do not support a role for H. pylori in functional disorders such as recurrent abdominal pain. The role of H. pylori infection in failure to thrive, children's growth, type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and celiac disease remains controversial. The diagnosis of infection should be based on upper-digestive endoscopy with biopsy-based methods. Eradication control after treatment should be based on validated non-invasive tests. Nodular gastritis is the main endoscopic finding of childhood H. pylori infection, but gastroduodenal erosions/ulcers are seen in some children, especially after 10 years of age. When indicated, eradication treatment should be given when good compliance is expected and based on the antimicrobial susceptibility profile.
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16
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Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori vacA Genotypes and cagA Gene in Dental Plaque of Asymptomatic Mexican Children. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4923640. [PMID: 29226140 PMCID: PMC5687131 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4923640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The variability in Helicobacter pylori vacA and cagA genes has been related to the progression of the gastrointestinal disease; also the presence of H. pylori in the oral cavity has been associated with periodontal disease in adults, but, in children without dyspeptic symptoms, little is known about this. We evaluated the prevalence of H. pylori and the presence of vacA/cagA genotypes in the oral cavity of Mexican children without dyspeptic symptoms. The gingival status was measured, and dental plaque samples (n = 100) were taken. 38% of children were positive for H. pylori 16S rRNA gene by qPCR. A significant association between H. pylori oral infection and gingival status was observed (P < 0.001). In 34.6% (9/26) of mild gingivitis cases, s1m2 genotype was found, while s1m1 was typed in 50% (3/6) of moderate gingivitis. The cagA prevalence among H. pylori-positive children was 80.8% (21/26), 83.3% (5/6), and 16.7% (1/6) of cases of mild gingivitis, moderate gingivitis, and nongingivitis, respectively (P < 0.001). The s1m1/cagA+ combinational genotype was the most detected in children with gingivitis. Our results suggest that the prevalence of H. pylori and detection of vacA/cagA genotypes-associated gastrointestinal disease in the oral cavity could be related to the progression of gingivitis in asymptomatic children.
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17
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Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection in children differs from that in adults, from the point of view of epidemiology, host response, clinical features, related diseases, and diagnosis, as well as treatment strategies. The prevalence of H. pylori infection, in both children and adults, is decreasing in the Western World as well as in some developing countries, which contrasts with the increase in childhood asthma and allergic diseases. Recurrent abdominal pain is not specific during H. pylori infection in children. The role of H. pylori infection and failure to thrive, children's growth, type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and celiac disease remains controversial. The main initial diagnosis is based on upper digestive endoscopy with biopsy-based methods. Nodular gastritis may be a pathognomonic endoscopic finding of childhood H. pylori infection. The infection eradication control is based on validated noninvasive tests. The main cause of treatment failure of H. pylori infection is its clarithromycin resistance. We recommend standard antibiotic susceptibility testing of H. pylori in pediatric patients prior to the initiation of eradication therapy. H. pylori treatment in children should be based on an evaluation of the rate of eradication in the local population, a systematic use of a treatment adapted to the susceptibility profile and a treatment compliance greater than 90%. The last meta-analysis in children did not show an advantage for sequential therapy when compared to a 14-day triple therapy. Finally, the high rate of antibiotic resistance responsible for therapy failure in recent years justifies the necessity of a novel vaccine to prevent H. pylori infection in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Kalach
- Department of Paediatrics, Saint Antoine Paediatric Hospital, Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL), Catholic University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Patrick Bontems
- Pediatric Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Josette Raymond
- Department of Microbiology, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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18
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Abstract
The study of Helicobacter pylori genetic variability brought us interesting data on the history of mankind. Based on multilocus sequence typing and more recently on whole-genome sequencing, paleomicrobiology still attracts the attention of global researchers in relation to its ancestor roots and coexistence with humans. Three studies determining the prevalence of virulence factors illustrates the controversial results obtained since 30 years by studies trying to associate prevalence of different virulence markers and clinical outcomes of H. pylori infection. Three articles analyzed the prevalence and risk of multiple (genetically distinct isolates) and mixed (susceptible and resistant isolates) infections. A number of studies confirm that H. pylori prevalence is falling worldwide especially in the developed world and in children but that the level of infection is higher in certain ethnic minorities and in Migrants. There is little new in identifying the mode of H. pylori transmission though intrafamilial spread appears to be important. There have, however, been some interesting papers on the presence of the organism in food, water, and the oral cavity.
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