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Liu Z, Sa G, Zhang Z, Wu Q, Zhou J, Yang X. Regulatory role of primary cilia in oral and maxillofacial development and disease. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102389. [PMID: 38714113 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Primary cilia have versatile functions, such as receiving signals from the extracellular microenvironment, mediating signaling transduction, and transporting ciliary substances, in tissue and organ development and clinical disease pathogenesis. During early development (embryos within 10 weeks) in the oral and maxillofacial region, defects in the structure and function of primary cilia can result in severe craniofacial malformations. For example, mice with mutations in the cilia-related genes Kif3a and IFT88 exhibit midline expansion and cleft lip/palate, which occur due to abnormalities in the fusion of the single frontonasal prominence and maxillary prominences. In the subsequent development of the oral and maxillofacial region, we discussed the regulatory role of primary cilia in the development of the maxilla, mandible, Meckel cartilage, condylar cartilage, lip, tongue, and tooth, among others. Moreover, primary cilia are promising regulators in some oral and maxillofacial diseases, such as tumors and malocclusion. We also summarize the regulatory mechanisms of primary cilia in oral and maxillofacial development and related diseases, including their role in various signaling transduction pathways. For example, aplasia of submandibular glands in the Kif3a mutant mice is associated with a decrease in SHH signaling within the glands. This review summarizes the similarities and specificities of the role of primary cilia in tissue and organ development and disease progression in the oral and maxillofacial region, which is expected to contribute several ideas for the treatment of primary cilia-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Guoliang Sa
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhuoyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Qingwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xuewen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.
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2
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Onodera S, Azuma T. Hedgehog-Related Mutation Causes Bone Malformations with or without Hereditary Gene Mutations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12903. [PMID: 37629084 PMCID: PMC10454035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The hedgehog (Hh) family consists of numerous signaling mediators that play important roles at various stages of development. Thus, the Hh pathway is essential for bone tissue development and tumorigenesis. Gorlin syndrome is a skeletal and tumorigenic disorder caused by gain-of-function mutations in Hh signaling. In this review, we first present the phenotype of Gorlin syndrome and the relationship between genotype and phenotype in bone and craniofacial tissues, including the causative gene as well as other Hh-related genes. Next, the importance of new diagnostic methods using next-generation sequencing and multiple gene panels will be discussed. We summarize Hh-related genetic disorders, including cilia disease, and the genetics of Hh-related bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Onodera
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan;
| | - Toshifumi Azuma
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan;
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
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3
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Zhang Z, Sa G, Wang Z, Wei Z, Zheng L, Zhang R, Zhu X, Yang X. Piezo1 and IFT88 synergistically regulate mandibular condylar chondrocyte differentiation under cyclic tensile strain. Tissue Cell 2022; 76:101781. [PMID: 35279604 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE(S) Mandibular condyle chondrocytes (MCCs) are exposed to various mechanical environments. Primary cilia, as a carrier for ion channels, can sense mechanical signals. Intraflagellar transport protein 88 (IFT88) is crucial for the assembly and function of primary cilia. Piezo1 is a mechanically activated ion channel that mediates mechanical signal transduction. This study aimed to identify the possible synergistic effect between Piezo1 and IFT88 in MCC differentiation during mechanical conduction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Confocal immunofluorescence staining was used to reveal the Piezo1 localization. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology was used to knock down the expression levels of Piezo1 and IFT88. The chondrogenic differentiation ability of MCCs was evaluated by Alcian blue staining, and the early differentiation ability was evaluated by Western blot of SOX9 and COL2A1. RESULTS Confocal immunofluorescence results showed that Piezo1 localized in the root of primary cilia. Without cyclic tensile strain (CTS) stimuli, Alcian blue staining showed that Piezo1 knockdown had a marginal effect on the chondrogenic differentiation of MCCs, while IFT88 knockdown inhibited the chondrogenic differentiation. The protein levels of SOX9 and COL2A1 decreased significantly with CTS stimuli. However, these protein levels were restored when Piezo1 was knocked down. In addition, IFT88 knockdown decreased the protein level of Piezo1 with or without CTS. CONCLUSION Piezo1 and IFT88 might play a synergistic role in regulating MCC differentiation under CTS stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Guoliang Sa
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China; Department of Orthognathic & Cleft Lip and Palate Plastic Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zequan Wei
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China; Hebei Med Univ, Hosp 3, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Liwu Zheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ruochen Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xinbiao Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xuewen Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China; Department of Orthognathic & Cleft Lip and Palate Plastic Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.
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Abstract
The primary cilium is a nonmotile microtubule-based organelle in most vertebrate cell types. The primary cilium plays a critical role in tissue development and homeostasis by sensing and transducing various signaling pathways. Ciliary proteins such as intraflagellar transport (IFT) proteins as well as ciliary motor proteins, kinesin and dynein, comprise a bidirectional intraflagellar transport system needed for cilia formation and function. Mutations in ciliary proteins that lead to loss or dysfunction of primary cilia cause ciliopathies such as Jeune syndrome and Ellis-van Creveld syndrome and cause abnormalities in tooth development. These diseases exhibit severe skeletal and craniofacial dysplasia, highlighting the significance of primary cilia in skeletal development. Cilia are necessary for the propagation of hedgehog, transforming growth factor β, platelet-derived growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor signaling during osteogenesis and chondrogenesis. Ablation of ciliary proteins such as IFT80 or IFT20 blocks cilia formation, which inhibits osteoblast differentiation, osteoblast polarity, and alignment and reduces bone formation. Similarly, cilia facilitate chondrocyte differentiation and production of a cartilage matrix. Cilia also play a key role in mechanosensing and are needed for increased bone formation in response to mechanical forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Chinipardaz
- Department of Basic and
Translational Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental
Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Periodontics,
School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,
USA
| | - M. Liu
- Department of Periodontics,
School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,
USA
| | - D.T. Graves
- Department of Periodontics,
School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,
USA
| | - S. Yang
- Department of Basic and
Translational Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental
Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Center for Innovation &
Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and
Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,The Penn Center for
Musculoskeletal Disorders, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA, USA,S. Yang, Department of Basic and
Translational Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental
Medicine, 240 S 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6243, USA.
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Bonatto Paese CL, Brooks EC, Aarnio-Peterson M, Brugmann SA. Ciliopathic micrognathia is caused by aberrant skeletal differentiation and remodeling. Development 2021; 148:148/4/dev194175. [PMID: 33589509 DOI: 10.1242/dev.194175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ciliopathies represent a growing class of diseases caused by defects in microtubule-based organelles called primary cilia. Approximately 30% of ciliopathies are characterized by craniofacial phenotypes such as craniosynostosis, cleft lip/palate and micrognathia. Patients with ciliopathic micrognathia experience a particular set of difficulties, including impaired feeding and breathing, and have extremely limited treatment options. To understand the cellular and molecular basis for ciliopathic micrognathia, we used the talpid2 (ta2 ), a bona fide avian model for the human ciliopathy oral-facial-digital syndrome subtype 14. Histological analyses revealed that the onset of ciliopathic micrognathia in ta2 embryos occurred at the earliest stages of mandibular development. Neural crest-derived skeletal progenitor cells were particularly sensitive to a ciliopathic insult, undergoing unchecked passage through the cell cycle and subsequent increased proliferation. Furthermore, whereas neural crest-derived skeletal differentiation was initiated, osteoblast maturation failed to progress to completion. Additional molecular analyses revealed that an imbalance in the ratio of bone deposition and resorption also contributed to ciliopathic micrognathia in ta2 embryos. Thus, our results suggest that ciliopathic micrognathia is a consequence of multiple aberrant cellular processes necessary for skeletal development, and provide potential avenues for future therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Louis Bonatto Paese
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Evan C Brooks
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Megan Aarnio-Peterson
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Samantha A Brugmann
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA .,Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Shriners Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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6
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Associations of the microRNA gene polymorphisms with the risk of non-syndromic supernumerary teeth in a Chinese population. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 117:104771. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Portal C, Rompolas P, Lwigale P, Iomini C. Primary cilia deficiency in neural crest cells models anterior segment dysgenesis in mouse. eLife 2019; 8:52423. [PMID: 31845891 PMCID: PMC6946567 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects affecting tissues of the anterior segment (AS) of the eye lead to a group of highly debilitating disorders called Anterior Segment Dysgenesis (ASD). Despite the identification of some causative genes, the pathogenesis of ASD remains unclear. Interestingly, several ciliopathies display conditions of the AS. Using conditional targeting of Ift88 with Wnt1-Cre, we show that primary cilia of neural crest cells (NCC), precursors of most AS structures, are indispensable for normal AS development and their ablation leads to ASD conditions including abnormal corneal dimensions, defective iridocorneal angle, reduced anterior chamber volume and corneal neovascularization. Mechanistically, NCC cilia ablation abolishes hedgehog (Hh) signaling in the periocular mesenchyme (POM) canonically activated by choroid-secreted Indian Hh, reduces proliferation of POM cells surrounding the retinal pigment epithelium and decreases the expression of Foxc1 and Pitx2, two transcription factors identified as major ASD causative genes. Thus, we uncovered a signaling axis linking cilia and ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Portal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Panteleimos Rompolas
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Peter Lwigale
- BioSciences Department, Rice University, Houston, United States
| | - Carlo Iomini
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
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Kitamura A, Kawasaki M, Kawasaki K, Meguro F, Yamada A, Nagai T, Kodama Y, Trakanant S, Sharpe PT, Maeda T, Takagi R, Ohazama A. Ift88 is involved in mandibular development. J Anat 2019; 236:317-324. [PMID: 31657471 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mandible is a crucial organ in both clinical and biological fields due to the high frequency of congenital anomalies and the significant morphological changes during evolution. Primary cilia play a critical role in many biological processes, including the determination of left/right axis patterning, the regulation of signaling pathways, and the formation of bone and cartilage. Perturbations in the function of primary cilia are known to cause a wide spectrum of human diseases: the ciliopathies. Craniofacial dysmorphologies, including mandibular deformity, are often seen in patients with ciliopathies. Mandibular development is characterized by chondrogenesis and osteogenesis; however, the role of primary cilia in mandibular development is not fully understood. To address this question, we generated mice with mesenchymal deletions of the ciliary protein, Ift88 (Ift88fl/fl ;Wnt1Cre). Ift88fl/fl ;Wnt1Cre mice showed ectopic mandibular bone formation, whereas Ift88 mutant mandible was slightly shortened. Meckel's cartilage was modestly expanded in Ift88fl/fl ;Wnt1Cre mice. The downregulation of Hh signaling was found in most of the mesenchyme of Ift88 mutant mandible. However, mice with a mesenchymal deletion of an essential molecule for Hh signaling activity, Smo (Smofl/fl ;Wnt1Cre), showed only ectopic mandibular formation, whereas Smo mutant mandible was significantly shortened. Ift88 is thus involved in chondrogenesis and osteogenesis during mandibular development, partially through regulating Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kitamura
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Maiko Kawasaki
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Centre for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration, Dental Institute, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katsushige Kawasaki
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Centre for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration, Dental Institute, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK.,Research Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Fumiya Meguro
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akane Yamada
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nagai
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Kodama
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Supaluk Trakanant
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Division of Orthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Paul T Sharpe
- Centre for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration, Dental Institute, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Takeyasu Maeda
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Research Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ritsuo Takagi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ohazama
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Centre for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration, Dental Institute, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
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Nakaniwa M, Kawasaki M, Kawasaki K, Yamada A, Meguro F, Takeyasu M, Ohazama A. Primary cilia in murine palatal rugae development. Gene Expr Patterns 2019; 34:119062. [PMID: 31226309 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2019.119062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Periodic patterning of iterative structures is a fundamental process during embryonic development, since these structures are diverse across the animal kingdom. Therefore, elucidating the molecular mechanisms in the formation of these structures promotes understanding of the process of organogenesis. Periodically patterned ridges, palatal rugae (situated on the hard palate of mammals), are an excellent experimental model to clarify the molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of periodic patterning of iterative structures. Primary cilia are involved in many biological events, including the regulation of signaling pathways such as Shh and non-canonical Wnt signaling. However, the role of primary cilia in the development of palatal rugae remains unclear. We found that primary cilia were localized to the oral cavity side of the interplacode epithelium of the palatal rugae, whereas restricted localization of primary cilia could not be detected in other regions. Next, we generated mice with a placodal conditional deletion of the primary cilia protein Ift88, using ShhCre mice (Ift88 fl/fl;ShhCre). Highly disorganized palatal rugae were observed in Ift88 fl/fl;ShhCre mice. Furthermore, by comparative in situ hybridization analysis, many Shh and non-canonical Wnt signaling-related molecules showed spatiotemporal expression patterns during palatal rugae development, including restricted expression in the epithelium (placodes and interplacodes) and mesenchyme. Some of these expression were found to be altered in Ift88 fl/fl;ShhCre mice. Primary cilia is thus involved in development of palatal rugae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Nakaniwa
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Maiko Kawasaki
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Katsushige Kawasaki
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Oral Science, Department of Oral Life Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akane Yamada
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Fumiya Meguro
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Maeda Takeyasu
- Research Center for Advanced Oral Science, Department of Oral Life Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Atsushi Ohazama
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
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