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Atila D, Kumaravel V. Advances in antimicrobial hydrogels for dental tissue engineering: regenerative strategies for endodontics and periodontics. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:6711-6747. [PMID: 37656064 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00719g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Dental tissue infections have been affecting millions of patients globally leading to pain, severe tissue damage, or even tooth loss. Commercial sterilizers may not be adequate to prevent frequent dental infections. Antimicrobial hydrogels have been introduced as an effective therapeutic strategy for endodontics and periodontics since they have the capability of imitating the native extracellular matrix of soft tissues. Hydrogel networks are considered excellent drug delivery platforms due to their high-water retention capacity. In this regard, drugs or nanoparticles can be incorporated into the hydrogels to endow antimicrobial properties as well as to improve their regenerative potential, once biocompatibility criteria are met avoiding high dosages. Herein, novel antimicrobial hydrogel formulations were discussed for the first time in the scope of endodontics and periodontics. Such hydrogels seem outstanding candidates especially when designed not only as simple volume fillers but also as smart biomaterials with condition-specific adaptability within the dynamic microenvironment of the defect site. Multifunctional hydrogels play a pivotal role against infections, inflammation, oxidative stress, etc. along the way of dental regeneration. Modern techniques (e.g., 3D and 4D-printing) hold promise to develop the next generation of antimicrobial hydrogels together with their limitations such as infeasibility of implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Atila
- International Centre for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials (ICRI-BioM) - International Research Agenda, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Vignesh Kumaravel
- International Centre for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials (ICRI-BioM) - International Research Agenda, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland.
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Deosthale P, Hong JM, Essex AL, Rodriguez W, Tariq D, Sidhu H, Marcial A, Bruzzaniti A, Plotkin LI. Sex-specific differences in direct osteoclastic versus indirect osteoblastic effects underlay the low bone mass of Pannexin1 deletion in TRAP-expressing cells in mice. Bone Rep 2022; 16:101164. [PMID: 35028339 PMCID: PMC8739454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.101164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pannexin1 (Panx1) is a hemichannel-forming protein that participates in the communication of cells with the extracellular space. To characterize the role of osteoclastic Panx1 on bone, Panx1fl/fl;TRAP-Cre (Panx1ΔOc) mice were generated, and compared to Panx1fl/fl littermates at 6 weeks of age. Total and femoral BMD was ~20% lower in females and males whereas spinal BMD was lower only in female Panx1ΔOc mice. μCT analyses showed that cortical bone of the femoral mid-diaphysis was not altered in Panx1ΔOc mice. In contrast, cancellous bone in the distal femur and lumbar vertebra was significantly decreased in both female and male Panx1ΔOc mice compared to Panx1fl/fl controls and was associated with higher osteoclast activity in female Panx1ΔOc mice, with no changes in the males. On the other hand, vertebral bone formation was decreased for both sexes, resulting from lower mineral apposition rate in the females and lower mineralizing surface in the males. Consistent with an osteoclastic effect in female Panx1ΔOc mice, osteoclast differentiation with RANKL/M-CSF and osteoclast bone resorbing activity in vitro were higher in female, but not male, Panx1ΔOc mice, compared to Panx1fl/fl littermates. Surprisingly, although Panx1 expression was normal in bone marrow stromal-derived osteoblasts from male and female Panx1ΔOc mice, mineral deposition by male (but not female) Panx1ΔOc osteoblasts was lower than controls, and it was reduced in male Panx1fl/fl osteoblasts when conditioned media prepared from male Panx1ΔOc osteoclast cultures was added to the cell culture media. Thus, deletion of Panx1 in TRAP-expressing cells in female mice leads to low bone mass primarily through a cell autonomous effect in osteoclast activity. In contrast, our evidence suggests that changes in the osteoclast secretome drive reduced osteoblast function in male Panx1ΔOc mice, resulting in low bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmini Deosthale
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, USA
| | - Jung Min Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, USA
| | - Alyson L. Essex
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Wilyaret Rodriguez
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Dua Tariq
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Harmandeep Sidhu
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Alejandro Marcial
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Angela Bruzzaniti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lilian I. Plotkin
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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