Effect of CYP1A1 MSPI polymorphism on the relationship between TP53 mutation and CDKN2A hypermethylation in non-small cell lung cancer

A cuproptosis-related lncRNA signature-based prognostic model featuring on metastasis and drug selection strategy for patients with lung adenocarcinoma

Introduction: Lung adenocarcinoma is a common cause of mortality in patients with cancer. Recent studies have indicated that copper-related cell death may not occur in the same way as previously described. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a key role in the occurrence and development of tumors; however, the relationship between cuproptosis and lncRNAs in tumorigenesis and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) treatment has not been well established. Our study aimed to construct a model to analyze the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma in patients using a carcinogenesis-related lncRNA (CR) signature. Methods: The transcriptional profiles of 507 samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas were assessed. Cox regression and co-expression analyses, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were used to filter the CR and develop the model. The expression status of the six prognostic CRs was used to classify all samples into high- and low-risk groups. The overall disease-free survival rate was compared between the two groups. The Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were used to identify the pathways and mechanisms involved in this model. Subsequently, immunotherapy response, sensitivity, and correlation analyses for several anti-tumor medications were performed. In vitro experiments, including qPCR, were conducted in nine lung adenocarcinoma cell lines and 16 pairs of lung adenocarcinoma and para-carcinoma tissues. Results: After confirmation using the ROC curve, patients in the low-risk category benefited from both overall and disease-free survival. Gene Ontology analysis highlighted cell movement in the model. In the in vitro experiments, qPCR results showed the expression levels of six CRs in 16 pairs of carcinoma and para-carcinoma tissues, which were in accordance with the results of the model. AL138778.1 is a protective factor that can weaken the invasion and migration of A549 cells, and AL360270.1 is a hazardous factor that promotes the invasion and migration of A549 cells. According to this model, targeted treatments such as axitinib, gefitinib, linsitinib, pazopanib, and sorafenib may be more appropriate for low-risk patients. Conclusion: Six CR profiles (AL360270.1, AL138778.1, CDKN2A-DT, AP003778.1, LINC02718, and AC034102.8) with predictive values may be used to evaluate the prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma undergoing therapy.

Prevalence of TP53 gene Pro72Arg (rs1042522) single nucleotide polymorphism among Egyptian breast cancer patients

Background

The P53 protein has an essential role in several cellular processes, including DNA repair, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest. The pathophysiology of many cancer types has frequently been linked to polymorphisms in the TP53 locus. Over 200 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified in TP53. However, Pro72Arg (rs1042522) at codon 72, shows contradictory results in terms of cancer risk. In this study, we aimed to determine if the Pro72Arg (rs1042522) SNP in the TP53 gene would be linked to breast cancer (BC) risk among Egyptian patients.

Materials and Methods

Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples of 100 healthy volunteers and 100 breast cancer patients (50 familial and 50 non-familial). TP53 Genotyping was performed using tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation (Tetra-ARMS) PCR. Data were analyzed using SNPstat software.

Results

The prevalence of TP53 (Pro72Arg) rs1042522 genotypes carrying the high-risk allele [Pro/Arg (CG) and Arg/Arg (GG)] were significantly higher in BC patients compared to healthy volunteers and were associated with BC susceptibility (OR 0.2; [95% CI 0.11–0.38]; P = 0.0001). However, there was no statistical significant difference in the prevalence of TP53 (Pro72Arg) rs1042522 genotypes carrying the high-risk allele between familial and non-familial BC patients. In addition, there was no association between the prevalence of TP53 (Pro72Arg) rs1042522 genotypes carrying the high-risk allele and BC patients’ clinical and pathological characteristics including tumor size, tumor grade, lymph node status, presence of lymphovascular invasion, expression of ER, PR and Her-2 in both of familial and non-familial BC patients.

Conclusions

TP53 (Pro72Arg) rs1042522 is more prevalent among BC patients but not associated with disease progression.

Elevated exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may trigger cancers in Pakistan: an environmental, occupational, and genetic perspective

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are carcinogenic compounds which are emitted through incomplete combustion of organic materials, fossil fuels, consumption of processed meat, smoked food, and from various industrial activities. High molecular mass and mobility make PAHs widespread and lethal for human health. A cellular system in human detoxifies these toxicants through specialized enzymatic machinery called xenobiotic-metabolizing (CYP450) and phase-II (GSTs) enzymes (XMEs). These metabolizing enzymes include cytochromes P450 family (CYP1, CYP2), glutathione s-transferases, and ALDHs. Gene polymorphisms in XMEs encoding genes can compromise their metabolizing capacity to detoxify ingested carcinogens (PAHs etc.) that may lead to prolong and elevated exposure to ingested toxicants and may consequently lead to cancer. Moreover, PAHs can induce cancer through reprograming XMEs' gene functions by altering their epigenetic markers. This review article discusses possible interplay between individual's gene polymorphism in XMEs' genes, their altered epigenetic markers, and exposure to PAHs in cancer susceptibility in Pakistan.

Association of the TP53 rs1042522 C>G polymorphism and hepatoblastoma risk in Chinese children

The TP53 gene encodes an important class of cell cycle and tumor-suppressing factors that play critical roles in maintaining genomic stability. The TP53 Arg72Pro (rs1042522 C>G) polymorphism has been reported to be associated with the risk of several types of adult cancers; however, its risk for pediatric cancers remains unclear. Here, we analyzed the association of the TP53 gene rs1042522 C>G polymorphism with hepatoblastoma (HB) susceptibility in a hospital-based study among Chinese children. A total of 213 HB patients and 958 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Genotypes were determined by a TaqMan assay, and the strength of the association was assessed by the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals generated from logistic regression models, adjusted for age, gender, and clinical stage. No significant association between the TP53 rs1042522 C>G polymorphism and HB susceptibility was detected in the main analysis or in stratification analyses of age, gender, and clinical stages. Overall, the TP53 gene rs1042522 C>G polymorphism is not associated with HB susceptibility in the Chinese population, other polymorphisms alone or in combination should be investigated to further clarify HB susceptibility.

CYP1A1, CYP2E1 and EPHX1 polymorphisms in sporadic colorectal neoplasms

AIM

To investigate the contribution of polymorphisms in the CYP1A1, CYP2E1 and EPHX1 genes on sporadic colorectal cancer (SCRC) risk.

METHODS

Six hundred forty-one individuals (227 patients with SCRC and 400 controls) were enrolled in the study. The variables analyzed were age, gender, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and clinical and histopathological tumor parameters. The CYP1A1*2A, CYP1A1*2C CYP2E1*5B and CYP2E1*6 polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The EPHX1 Tyr113His, EPHX1 His139Arg and CYP1A1*2C polymorphisms were detected by real-time PCR. Chi-squared test and binary logistic regression were used in the statistical analysis. Haplotype analysis was conducted using the Haploview program, version 2.05.

RESULTS

Age over 62 years was a risk factor for SCRC development (OR = 7.54, 95%CI: 4.94-11.50, P < 0.01). Male individuals were less susceptible to SCRC (OR = 0.55, 95%CI: 0.35-0.85, P < 0.01). The CYP2E1*5B polymorphism was associated with SCRC in the codominant (heterozygous genotype: OR = 2.66, 95%CI: 1.64-4.32, P < 0.01), dominant (OR = 2.82, 95%CI: 1.74-4.55, P < 0.01), overdominant (OR = 2.58, 95%CI: 1.59-4.19, P < 0.01), and log-additive models (OR = 2.84, 95%CI: 1.78-4.52, P < 0.01). The CYP2E1*6 polymorphism was associated with an increased SCRC risk in codominant (heterozygous genotype: OR = 2.81, 95%CI: 1.84-4.28, P < 0.01; homozygous polymorphic: OR = 7.32, 95%CI: 1.85-28.96, P < 0.01), dominant (OR = 2.97, 95%CI: 1.97-4.50, P < 0.01), recessive (OR = 5.26, 95%CI: 1.35-20.50, P = 0.016), overdominant (OR = 2.64, 95%CI: 1.74-4.01, P < 0.01), and log-additive models (OR = 2.78, 95%CI: 1.91-4.06, P < 0.01). The haplotype formed by the minor alleles of the CYP2E1*5B (C) and CYP2E1*6 (A) polymorphisms was associated with SCRC (P = 0.002). However, the CYP1A1*2A, CYP1A1*2C, EPHX1 Tyr113His and EPHX1 His139Arg polymorphisms were not associated with SCRC.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the results demonstrated that CYP2E1*5B and CYP2E1*6 minor alleles play a role in the development of SCRC.

Association between the TP53 and CYP2E1*5B gene polymorphisms and non-small cell lung cancer

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common form of lung cancer. Genetic polymorphisms in tumour suppressor genes and genes encoding xenobiotic metabolising enzymes alter the activity of their corresponding enzymes and are important individual susceptibility factors for NSCLC. Because of the lack of information in literature, the aim of our study was to investigate the role of the tumour suppressor gene TP53 (Arg72Pro) and the xenobiotic metabolising CYP2E1*5B gene polymorphisms on the risk of NSCLC development. The study population consisted of 172 patients and 172 controls (156 men and 16 women in each group). Genetic polymorphisms were determined with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Multivariate analysis showed a significant association with NSCLC for the combination between the TP53 codon72 Arg/Pro and the Pro/Pro genotypes (OR 2.21, 95 % CI 1.390-3.51; p=0.001). We also analysed whether combinations of these gene variants with GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 exon 5 (Ile105Val), and GSTP1 exon 6 (Ala114Val) gene polymorphisms were associated with the NSCLC risk. A significant increase in the risk was observed for the following combinations: TP53 codon72 variant with GSTM1 null (OR 2.22, 95 % CI 1.23-4.04; p=0.009), GSTT1 null (OR 2.98, 95 % CI 1.49-5.94; p=0.002), and GSTP1 (Ala114Val) variant genotypes (OR 3.38, 95 % CI 1.54-7.41; p=0.002). Further studies with larger samples are needed to verify these findings.

Cytochrome P450 family 1 inhibitors and structure-activity relationships

With the widespread use of O-alkoxyresorufin dealkylation assays since the 1990s, thousands of inhibitors of cytochrome P450 family 1 enzymes (P450s 1A1, 1A2, and 1B1) have been identified and studied. Generally, planar polycyclic molecules such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, stilbenoids, and flavonoids are considered to potentially be effective inhibitors of these enzymes, however, the details of the structure-activity relationships and selectivity of these inhibitors are still ambiguous. In this review, we thoroughly discuss the selectivity of many representative P450 family 1 inhibitors reported in the past 20 years through a meta-analysis.

P53 codon 72 Arg/Pro polymorphism and lung cancer risk in Asians: an updated meta-analysis

The polymorphism of p53 codon 72, a transversion of G to C (Arg to Pro), has been demonstrated to be associated with the risk for lung cancer. However, individual studies conducted in Asians have provided conflicting and inconclusive findings. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis by pooling all currently available case–control studies to estimate the effect of p53 codon 72 Arg/Pro polymorphism on the development of lung cancer. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with the corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (95 %CIs) were calculated to assess this effect. A total of 14 individual studies involving 7,929 cases and 5,924 controls were included into this meta-analysis according to the inclusion criteria. The overall OR for the dominant genetic model indicated that the p53 codon 72 Arg/Pro variant was positively correlated with lung cancer risk (OR_{Arg/Pro + Pro/Pro vs. Arg/Arg} = 1.14, 95 %CI 1.07–1.23, P_OR < 0.001). Similar results were found in the stratified analysis of population-based studies. The histological types of lung cancer and smoking status seemed to exert no effect on the lung cancer risk. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of the above findings. The updated meta-analysis suggests that the p53 codon 72 Arg/Pro polymorphism is a risk factor for lung cancer in the Asian population. However, the potential role of gene–environment interaction in lung cancer susceptibility needs further investigation in future studies with high quality.