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Belsey J, Gregory R, Paine E, Faulkner J. Skin temperature of the knee was effectively reduced when using a new continuous cold-flow cryocompression device: a randomised controlled crossover trial. Physiotherapy 2024; 123:11-18. [PMID: 38244486 DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine which temperature settings on a new continuous cold-flow cryocompression device effectively reduce knee skin temperature to 10-15 °C, where pain and swelling are expected to be attenuated. DESIGN Randomised controlled crossover trial. SETTING University laboratory. PARTICIPANTS 32 healthy adult participants recruited (1 dropout) with no contraindications to cryocompressive therapy. INTERVENTION A k-type thermocouple was used to record skin temperature at baseline and every five minutes during a 30-minute cryocompression treatment in a control condition and when using four different device temperature settings (6 °C, 8 °C, 10 °C, and 12 °C) on a continuous cold-flow cryocompression device. Conditions were labelled Control, Con-6, Con-8, Con-10, and Con-12, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Skin temperature change (°C) throughout cryocompression; time taken (mins) to achieve skin temperature < 15 °C; and the difference between final skin temperature and device temperature setting (°C). RESULTS Median (IQR) skin temperature after cryocompression was 32.1 °C (29.3-33.4), 12.8 °C (12.1-14.6), 14.3 °C (13.8-15.7), 16.1 °C (15.2-17.3), and 17.7 °C (16.9-18.9) for the Control condition and Con-6, Con-8, Con-10 and Con-12, respectively. It took 20 min (Con-6) and 25 min (Con-8) for skin temperature to reach < 15 °C. A median (IQR) difference of 6.8 °C (6.1-8.6), 6.3 °C (5.8-7.7), 6.1 °C (5.2-7.3), and 5.7 °C (4.9-6.9) for Con-6, Con-8, Con-10, and Con-12, respectively was observed between device temperature setting and final skin temperature. CONCLUSIONS The device is recommended as it reduced skin temperature to the therapeutic range of 10-15 °C during a 30-minute treatment when using the 6 °C or 8 °C device temperature settings. Future research should determine optimal treatment lengths for cryocompression. CONTRIBUTION OF THE PAPER.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Belsey
- University of Winchester, Department of Sport, Health & Community, Sparkford Road, Winchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Ryan Gregory
- University of Winchester, Department of Sport, Health & Community, Sparkford Road, Winchester, United Kingdom
| | - Eloise Paine
- University of Winchester, Department of Sport, Health & Community, Sparkford Road, Winchester, United Kingdom
| | - James Faulkner
- University of Winchester, Department of Sport, Health & Community, Sparkford Road, Winchester, United Kingdom
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Yildiz T, Topcu O, Avcu C. The effect of cryotherapy on pain in patients with total knee replacement surgery: a meta-analysis. Acta Orthop Belg 2024; 90:123-129. [PMID: 38669661 DOI: 10.52628/90.1.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Cryotherapy is used to reduce edema and pain after total knee replacement surgery. This study was conducted as a meta-analysis study to determine the effect of cryotherapy on pain in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. The words 'total knee prosthesis,' 'pain,' 'cryotherapy,' 'cold application,' and 'orthopedic surgery' were searched in Turkish and English in scientific articles in the last 20 years from Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Pubmed databases. As a result of the research, a total of 8.406 studies were identified. Funnel Plot, Rosenthal's Secure N, and Orwin's Secure N methods were used to demonstrate that the meta-analysis study was reliable and valid and to determine publication bias. The sample size of the studies included in the analysis was 1462. The total effect size was 2.929, with a lower bound of 1.641 and an upper bound of 5.223 at a 95% confidence interval. The study determined that patients who underwent cryotherapy in total knee replacement surgery had 2.9 times less pain than patients who did not undergo cryotherapy.
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Belsey J, Reid A, Paine E, Faulkner J. A randomised crossover trial of five cryocompression devices' ability to reduce skin temperature of the knee. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296634. [PMID: 38227605 PMCID: PMC10790989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of cold and pressure to the knee is a common part of post-operative rehabilitation. Skin temperature should be reduced to within 10-15 °C to optimise the therapeutic benefits of cryocompression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of five different cryocompression devices to reduce skin temperature to within this therapeutic range. MATERIALS AND METHODS 32 healthy adult participants (mean (SD): age 26.3 (7.9) years; BMI 24.8 (2.7) kg/m2; 20 males) were recruited for this randomised crossover study. Skin temperature was measured 20 mm distal to the patella using a k-type thermocouple every five minutes during a 30-minute treatment with one of five different cryocompression devices (Physiolab S1, GameReady, Cryo/Cuff, VPulse, and a Gel Wrap). Changes in skin temperature over time were compared to baseline within and between conditions. A subjective rating of comfort was also recorded for each device. RESULTS The Physiolab S1 and GameReady devices caused significantly lower skin temperatures compared to the VPulse, Gel Wrap, and Cryo/Cuff after 30 minutes (p<0.05). 87-96% reported a positive comfort rating for the Physiolab S1, VPulse, Cryo/Cuff and Gel Wrap, whereas 53% of participants reported a positive comfort rating for the GameReady. CONCLUSIONS Only the Physiolab S1 and GameReady devices reduced skin temperature of the knee to within the target range of 10-15 °C. The Physiolab S1 was reportedly more comfortable than the GameReady. Clinicians should be aware of the performance differences of different cryocompression devices to understand which is most likely to provide an effective dose of cold therapy to a joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Belsey
- School of Sport, Health & Community, Faculty of Health & Wellbeing, University of Winchester, Winchester, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Reid
- School of Sport, Health & Community, Faculty of Health & Wellbeing, University of Winchester, Winchester, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Eloise Paine
- School of Sport, Health & Community, Faculty of Health & Wellbeing, University of Winchester, Winchester, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - James Faulkner
- School of Sport, Health & Community, Faculty of Health & Wellbeing, University of Winchester, Winchester, Hampshire, United Kingdom
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Marinova M, Sundaram A, Holtham K, Ebert JR, Wysocki D, Meyerkort D, Radic R. The role of a cryocompression device following total knee arthroplasty to assist in recovery: a randomised controlled trial. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2023; 31:4422-4429. [PMID: 37464101 PMCID: PMC10471706 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-023-07455-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study sought to investigate the effectiveness of a cryocompression Game Ready™ (GR) versus usual care protocol (UC) on early post-operative recovery following total knee arthroplasty. METHODS This study prospectively randomised 72 total knee arthroplasties to a 2-week (from day 0) intervention of GR treatment (n = 36, 63.9% females) or UC of ice with static compression (n = 36, 45.7% females). Knee flexion and extension range of motion (ROM), a visual analogue pain scale and limb circumference were documented at day 1, 2 and 14, as well as 6 weeks post-surgery. Medication usage and length of hospital stay were documented. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) included the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score and a Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire. Statistical analysis using linear mixed modelling and analysis of variance table with Satterthwaite's method were used along with two-tailed t-tests. RESULTS There were no significant group-by-time interactions regarding any of the outcomes. The GR group had 19% lost to follow-up at 2 weeks, while the UC group had 8%. The GR group demonstrated significantly better knee extension ROM at day 1 (p = 0.048) and day 14 (p = 0.007) compared with the UC group. There were no group differences (n.s.) observed in pain, flexion ROM, limb circumference, opioid use or PROMs. Overall, higher pain levels resulted in increased opioid intake (p = 0.002), older patients used significantly less opioids (p < 0.001) and males reported significantly less pain than females (p = 0.048). No adverse effects were observed due to either protocol. CONCLUSION Despite patients gaining significantly more knee extension during the initial two-week intervention period when using GR compared to UC, this effect was likely due to chance. No further significant differences were observed between the groups during or after cession of the intervention. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Marinova
- Perth Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Research Institute, 31 Outram St, West Perth, WA, 6005, Australia.
- Department of Orthopaedics, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Abayasankar Sundaram
- Perth Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Research Institute, 31 Outram St, West Perth, WA, 6005, Australia
- Perth Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Centre, 31 Outram St, West Perth, WA, 6005, Australia
| | - Katie Holtham
- Sports Physiotherapist, Beatty Park Physiotherapy, North Perth, Australia
| | - Jay R Ebert
- Perth Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Research Institute, 31 Outram St, West Perth, WA, 6005, Australia
- Perth Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Centre, 31 Outram St, West Perth, WA, 6005, Australia
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - David Wysocki
- Perth Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Research Institute, 31 Outram St, West Perth, WA, 6005, Australia
- Perth Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Centre, 31 Outram St, West Perth, WA, 6005, Australia
| | - Daniel Meyerkort
- Perth Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Research Institute, 31 Outram St, West Perth, WA, 6005, Australia
| | - Ross Radic
- Perth Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Research Institute, 31 Outram St, West Perth, WA, 6005, Australia
- Perth Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Centre, 31 Outram St, West Perth, WA, 6005, Australia
- Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Total knee replacement (TKR) is a common intervention for people with end-stage symptomatic knee osteoarthritis, resulting in significant improvements in pain, function and quality of life within three to six months. It is, however, acutely associated with pain, local oedema and blood loss. Post-operative management may include cryotherapy. This is the application of low temperatures to the skin surrounding the surgical site, through ice or cooled water, often delivered using specialised devices. This is an update of a review published in 2012. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of cryotherapy in the acute phase after TKR (within 48 hours after surgery) on blood loss, pain, transfusion rate, range of motion, knee function, adverse events and withdrawals due to adverse events. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, six other databases and two trials registers, as well as reference lists, related links and conference proceedings on 27 May 2022. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials or controlled clinical trials comparing cryotherapy with or without other treatments (such as compression, regional nerve block or continuous passive motion) to no treatment, or the other treatment alone, following TKR for osteoarthritis. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently selected studies for inclusion, extracted data and assessed risk of bias and certainty of evidence using GRADE. We discussed any disagreements and consulted another review author to resolve them, if required. Major outcomes were blood loss, pain, transfusion rate, knee range of motion, knee function, total adverse events and withdrawals from adverse events. Minor outcomes were analgesia use, knee swelling, length of stay, quality of life, activity level and participant-reported global assessment of success. MAIN RESULTS We included 22 trials (20 randomised trials and two controlled clinical trials), with 1839 total participants. The mean ages reflected the TKR population, ranging from 64 to 74 years. Cryotherapy with compression was compared to no treatment in four studies, and to compression alone in nine studies. Cryotherapy without compression was compared to no treatment in eight studies. One study compared cryotherapy without compression to control with compression alone. We combined all control interventions in the primary analysis. Certainty of evidence was low for blood loss (downgraded for bias and inconsistency), pain (downgraded twice for bias) and range of motion (downgraded for bias and indirectness). It was very low for transfusion rate (downgraded for bias, inconsistency and imprecision), function (downgraded twice for bias and once for inconsistency), total adverse events (downgraded for bias, indirectness and imprecision) and withdrawals from adverse events (downgraded for bias, indirectness and imprecision). The nature of cryotherapy made blinding difficult and most studies had a high risk of performance and detection bias. Low-certainty evidence from 12 trials (956 participants) shows that cryotherapy may reduce blood loss at one to 13 days after surgery. Blood loss was 825 mL with no cryotherapy and 561 mL with cryotherapy: mean difference (MD) 264 mL less (95% confidence interval (CI) 7 mL less to 516 mL less). Low-certainty evidence from six trials (530 participants) shows that cryotherapy may slightly improve pain at 48 hours on a 0- to 10-point visual analogue scale (lower scores indicate less pain). Pain was 4.8 points with no cryotherapy and 3.16 points with cryotherapy: MD 1.6 points lower (95% CI 2.3 lower to 1.0 lower). We are uncertain whether cryotherapy improves transfusion rate at zero to 13 days after surgery. The transfusion rate was 37% with no cryotherapy and 79% with cryotherapy (risk ratio (RR) 2.13, 95% CI 0.04 to 109.63; 2 trials, 91 participants; very low-certainty evidence). Low-certainty evidence from three trials (174 participants) indicates cryotherapy may improve range of motion at discharge: it was 62.9 degrees with no cryotherapy and 71.2 degrees with cryotherapy: MD 8.3 degrees greater (95% CI 3.6 degrees more to 13.1 degrees more). We are uncertain whether cryotherapy improves function two weeks after surgery. Function was 75.4 points on the 0- to 100-point Dutch Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) scale (lower score indicates worse function) in the control group and 88.6 points with cryotherapy (MD 13.2 points better, 95% CI 0.5 worse to 27.1 improved; 4 trials, 296 participants; very low-certainty evidence). We are uncertain whether cryotherapy reduces total adverse events: the risk ratio was 1.30 (95% CI 0.53 to 3.20; 16 trials, 1199 participants; very low-certainty evidence). Adverse events included discomfort, local skin reactions, superficial infections, cold-induced injuries and thrombolytic events. We are uncertain whether cryotherapy reduces withdrawals from adverse events (RR 2.71, 95% CI 0.42 to 17.38; 19 trials, 1347 participants; very low-certainty evidence). No significant benefit was found for secondary outcomes of analgesia use, length of stay, activity level or quality of life. Evidence from seven studies (403 participants) showed improved mid-patella swelling between two and six days after surgery (MD 7.32 mm less, 95% CI 11.79 to 2.84 lower), though not at six weeks and three months after surgery. The included studies did not assess participant-reported global assessment of success. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The certainty of evidence was low for blood loss, pain and range of motion, and very low for transfusion rate, function, total adverse events and withdrawals from adverse events. We are uncertain whether cryotherapy improves transfusion rate, function, total adverse events or withdrawals from adverse events. We downgraded evidence for bias, indirectness, imprecision and inconsistency. Hence, the potential benefits of cryotherapy on blood loss, pain and range of motion may be too small to justify its use. More well-designed randomised controlled trials focusing especially on clinically meaningful outcomes, such as blood transfusion, and patient-reported outcomes, such as knee function, quality of life, activity level and participant-reported global assessment of success, are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Aggarwal
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, South West Sydney Clinical School, Sydney, Australia
- Whitlam Orthopaedic Research Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sam Adie
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, St George & Sutherland Clinical Campuses, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ian A Harris
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, South West Sydney Clinical School, Sydney, Australia
- Whitlam Orthopaedic Research Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Justine Naylor
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, South West Sydney Clinical School, Sydney, Australia
- Whitlam Orthopaedic Research Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
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Munsch MA, Via GG, Roebke AJ, Everhart JS, Ryan JM, Vasileff WK. Patient-specific factors, but neither regional anesthesia nor hip-specific cryotherapy, predict postoperative opioid requirements after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2022; 28:101848. [PMID: 35378774 PMCID: PMC8976140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2022.101848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We sought to determine whether regional nerve block, cryotherapy variant, or patient-specific factors predict postoperative opioid requirements and pain control following hip arthroscopy. Methods 104 patients underwent hip arthroscopy with (n = 31) or without (n = 73) regional block and received cryotherapy with a universal pad [joint non-specific; no compression (n = 60)] or circumferential hip/groin wrap with intermittent compression (n = 44). Outcomes included total opioid prescription amounts, requests for refills, and unplanned clinical encounters for postoperative pain within 45 days of surgery. Multivariate modeling was used to determine the effect of perioperative regional nerve block and type of cryotherapy device on outcomes after adjusting for patient demographics, previous opioid use, mental health disorder history, and surgery length. Results The average amount of 5 mg oxycodone pill equivalents prescribed within 45 days of surgery was 40.5 (SD 14.8); 36% requested refills, 20% presented to another physician, and 21% called the surgeon's office due to pain. Neither the hip-specific cryotherapy pad nor regional block was predictive of opioid amounts prescribed, refill requests, or unplanned clinical encounters due to pain. Refill requests within 45 days were more common with baseline opioid use (p < 0.001), increased age (p = 0.007), and mental health disorder history (p = 0.008). Total opioid amounts prescribed within 45 days were higher with workers compensation (p = 0.03), a larger initial opioid prescription (p < 0.001), baseline opioid use (p < 0.001), history of mental health disorder (p = 0.02), and increased age (p = 0.02). Together, these variables explained 61% of the variance in opioid amounts prescribed. Conclusion Patient factors are strong predictors of postoperative opioid requirements after hip arthroscopy. Postoperative opioid prescription amounts, opioid refill requests, and pain-related calls or office visits were not affected by use of a perioperative regional nerve block or type of cryotherapy delivery system. Level of evidence III, retrospective cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Munsch
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Garrhett G. Via
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Austin J. Roebke
- Department of Orthopedics, The Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - John M. Ryan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - W. Kelton Vasileff
- Department of Orthopedics, The Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University Jameson Crane Sports Medicine Institute, 2835 Fred Taylor Drive, Columbus, OH, 43202, USA.
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Cold for centuries: a brief history of cryotherapies to improve health, injury and post-exercise recovery. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1153-1162. [PMID: 35195747 PMCID: PMC9012715 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04915-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
For centuries, cold temperatures have been used by humans for therapeutic, health and sporting recovery purposes. This application of cold for therapeutic purposes is regularly referred to as cryotherapy. Cryotherapies including ice, cold-water and cold air have been popularised by an ability to remove heat, reduce core and tissue temperatures, and alter blood flow in humans. The resulting downstream effects upon human physiologies providing benefits that include a reduced perception of pain, or analgesia, and an improved sensation of well-being. Ultimately, such benefits have been translated into therapies that may assist in improving post-exercise recovery, with further investigations assessing the role that cryotherapies can play in attenuating the ensuing post-exercise inflammatory response. Whilst considerable progress has been made in our understanding of the mechanistic changes associated with adopting cryotherapies, research focus tends to look towards the future rather than to the past. It has been suggested that this might be due to the notion of progress being defined as change over time from lower to higher states of knowledge. However, a historical perspective, studying a subject in light of its earliest phase and subsequent evolution, could help sharpen one's vision of the present; helping to generate new research questions as well as look at old questions in new ways. Therefore, the aim of this brief historical perspective is to highlight the origins of the many arms of this popular recovery and treatment technique, whilst further assessing the changing face of cryotherapy. We conclude by discussing what lies ahead in the future for cold-application techniques.
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The effect of regional hypothermia on mechanical nociceptive thresholds in the equine distal forelimb. Vet J 2021; 269:105607. [PMID: 33593491 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2021.105607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Regional hypothermia has shown promise as analgesic in horses when used to manage painful conditions of the distal limb such as laminitis. In this prospective study, the analgesic effects of regional hypothermia were assessed using mechanical nociceptive thresholds during distal limb cooling. The study population consisted of eight healthy adult Standardbred horses, selected from a teaching herd. A distal forelimb of each horse was cooled using water immersion at the following sequential target water temperatures: 34 °C, 20 °C, 10 °C, 5 °C, 1 °C, 5 °C, 10 °C, 20 °C. Limb surface temperature was measured after 30 min at each target water temperature and the mechanical force required to elicit a response (mechanical nociceptive threshold) was determined using a pneumatic actuator. Both forelimbs of each horse were tested one week apart. At skin surface temperatures above 7 °C, there was little association between skin surface temperature and the mechanical force required to elicit a response. As the skin surface temperature decreased below 7 °C, there was a rapid increase in the force required to elicit a response (P = 0.036). Skin surface temperatures of <7 °C required water temperatures below 2 °C. The results of this study suggest that hypothermia has potential to provide distal limb analgesia in horses at skin surface temperatures below 7 °C. Further evaluation of the technique is warranted.
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Outpatient total knee arthroplasty: Readmission and complication rates on day 30 in 61 patients. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2018; 104:967-970. [PMID: 30179723 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) on an outpatient basis is controversial due to concerns about patient safety. In France, only 1.1% of TKAs performed in 2017 were outpatient procedures. Nevertheless, recent advances in the multi-modal and multidisciplinary management of TKA patients combined with optimisation of the various components of perioperative care are increasing the use of outpatient TKA. However, studies on outcomes remain scarce. The primary objective of this work was to compare readmission rates within 30 days after TKA between patients managed as outpatients and as inpatients. The secondary objectives were to compare complication rates and patient satisfaction between the two groups. HYPOTHESIS After outpatient TKA, the day-30 rates of readmission and complications are similar to those seen after inpatient TKA. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective single-centre study of consecutive patients who underwent TKA between April 2014 and July 2017 was performed. Readmissions, complications, and patient satisfaction were collected. RESULTS Of 574 patients, 61 were selected to undergo outpatient TKA and 513 had inpatient TKA. The day-30 readmission rate was 2/61 (3.3%) in the outpatient group and 25/513 (4.9%) in the inpatient group. The overall complication rate was 8% in the outpatients and 7.2% in the inpatients. The satisfaction rate was high in the outpatient group, with 80% very satisfied and 20% satisfied patients. CONCLUSION When performed in appropriately selected patients, outpatient TKA is not associated with a higher readmission rate compared to inpatient TKA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV, retrospective comparative study.
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Nabıyev VN, Ayhan S, Adhıkarı P, Cetın E, Palaoglu S, Acaroglu RE. Cryo-Compression Therapy After Elective Spinal Surgery for Pain Management: A Cross-Sectional Study With Historical Control. Neurospine 2018; 15:348-352. [PMID: 30531660 PMCID: PMC6347345 DOI: 10.14245/ns.1836070.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Postoperative dynamic cryo-compression (DC) therapy has been proposed as a method of reducing pain and the inflammatory response in the early postoperative period after orthopedic joint reconstruction surgery. Our aim was to analyze the analgesic efficacy of DC therapy after adult lumbar spinal surgery. Methods DC was applied for 30 minutes every 6 hours after surgery. Pain was measured by a visual analogue scale (VAS) in the preoperative period, immediately after surgery, and every 6 hours postoperatively for the first 72 hours of the hospital stay. Patients’ pain medication requirements were monitored using the patient-controlled analgesia system and patient charts. Twenty patients who received DC therapy were compared to 20 historical controls who were matched for demographic and surgical variables.
Results In the postanesthesia care unit, the mean VAS back pain score was 5.87 ± 0.9 in the DC group and 6.95±1.0 (p=0.001) in the control group. The corresponding mean VAS scores for the DC vs. control groups were 3.8±1.1 vs. 5.4±0.7 (p < 0.001) at 6 hours postoperatively, and 2.7±0.7 vs. 6.25±0.9 (p<0.001) at discharge, respectively. The cumulative mean analgesic consumption of paracetamol, tenoxicam, and tramadol in the DC group vs. control group was 3,733.3±562.7 mg vs. 4,633.3±693.5 mg (p<0.005), 53.3±19.5 mg vs. 85.3±33.4 mg (p<0.005), and 63.3±83.4 mg vs. 393.3±79.9 mg (p<0.0001), respectively.
Conclusion The results of this study demonstrated a positive association between the use of DC therapy and accelerated improvement in patients during early rehabilitation after adult spine surgery compared to patients who were treated with painkillers only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vugar Nabi Nabıyev
- Department of Orthopaedics, ARTES Spine Center, Acibadem Ankara Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selim Ayhan
- Department of Neurosurgery, ARTES Spine Center, Acibadem Ankara Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Prashant Adhıkarı
- Department of Orthopaedics, ARTES Spine Center, Acibadem Ankara Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Engin Cetın
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Gaziosmanpasa Taksim Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selcuk Palaoglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, ARTES Spine Center, Acibadem Ankara Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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