Biomechanical Studies for Glenoid Based Labral Repairs With Suture Anchors Do Not Use Consistent Testing Methods: A Critical Systematic Review

Global trends and insights in ethical statements regarding the utilization of human cadaveric tissues for biomechanical research from 2017 to 2022: a bibliometric analysis

Human cadaveric tissues are essential for biomechanical research; however, omitting statements regarding the ethical implications remains very common in many recent articles of biomechanics. The authors systematically searched PubMed for research articles published from 2017 to 2022 to identify all relevant studies ( n =1850). Information on the characteristics of the cadaveric specimens and the acquisition of ethical approval was collected. The included articles were categorized as grade A ( n =757), grade B ( n =308), and grade C ( n =785) according to the authors' predetermined criteria. Additionally, the authors analyzed whether the reporting status of ethical approval varied based on publishing year, journals, regions, and research settings. No significant improvement was observed over the study period. Disparities in ethical reporting standards were identified among different regions and journals. This is the first bibliometric analysis that offers an overview of publications in biomechanical research that use human cadaveric samples. It serves as a reference for interested researchers and journal readers to discuss the associated ethical issues.

Single- and Double-Loaded All-Suture Anchor Repairs of Anteroinferior Labral Tears Are Biomechanically Similar in a Cadaveric Shoulder Model

Purpose

To compare the biomechanical strength of single- versus double-loaded all-suture constructs in an anteroinferior glenoid labral repair.

Methods

Anteroinferior labral lesions were created on 6 matched pairs of cadaveric shoulder specimens. Each shoulder in a matched pair was randomized to either receive capsulolabral repair with 3 single-loaded all-suture anchors or 3 double-loaded all-suture anchors. Immediately following capsulolabral repair, the specimens underwent mechanical testing, which included cyclic testing (5 N to 50 N for 500 cycles) and load-to-failure testing (rate of 15 mm/min). The gap formation between the repaired labrum and glenoid (measured at 1, 25, 100, and 500 cycles), the load at 2-mm gap formation, the maximum load at failure and the method of failure were recorded. Data were analyzed with paired Student t tests and Bonferroni correction factor.

Results

The single and double all-suture constructs did not differ significantly in gap formation at any number of cycles, load to 2-mm gap formation (P = .75), or maximum load to failure (P = .46) between the 2 groups.

Conclusions

In this study, single-loaded and double-loaded all-suture anchor constructs demonstrated comparable biomechanical performance and did not significantly differ in gap formation, load to 2-mm gap formation, or maximum load to failure when used in the capsulolabral repair of anteroinferior glenoid labral tears in human cadaveric specimens.

Clinical Relevance

Although studies have evaluated the biomechanical properties of various arthroscopic labral stabilization techniques, the biomechanical properties of all-suture anchors with regard to labral stabilization are not well understood.