1
|
Gagliardi F. Nosological Diagnosis, Theories of Categorization, and Argumentations by Analogy. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICINE AND PHILOSOPHY 2022; 47:311-330. [PMID: 35435979 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The nosological diagnosis is a particular type of nontheoretical diagnosis consisting of identifying the disease that afflicts the patient without explaining the underlying etiopathological mechanisms. Its origins are within the essentialist point of view on the nature of diseases, which dates back at least to 18th-century taxonomy studies. In this article, we propose a model of nosological diagnosis as a two-phase process composed of the categorization of inductive inferences and argumentations by analogy. In the inductive phase, disease entities are identified by means of typicality-based categorization processes, and meaningful clinical samples are learned (abstract clinical cases, i.e., syndromes and actual cases); in the subsequent phase, those samples are used as the bases of argumentations by analogy to obtain a diagnosis for a given patient. This model extends the prototype resemblance theory of disease including also the exemplar theory proposed in cognitive science and, moreover, it frames the clinical activity of nosological diagnosis and how it can be explained within the theory of argumentation. According to it, diagnosis based on the recognition of a typical syndrome is explained in terms of the prototype theory of categorization and the antisymmetrical argumentation by analogy, while diagnosis based on a comparison with a previous clinical case is explained by the exemplar theory of categorization and by the symmetrical argumentation by analogy.
Collapse
|
2
|
Bender C, Cichosz SL, Malovini A, Bellazzi R, Pape-Haugaard L, Hejlesen O. Using Case-Based Reasoning in a Learning System: A Prototype of a Pedagogical Nurse Tool for Evidence-Based Diabetic Foot Ulcer Care. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2022; 16:454-459. [PMID: 33583205 PMCID: PMC8861795 DOI: 10.1177/1932296821991127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, evidence-based learning systems to increase knowledge and evidence level of wound care are unavailable to wound care nurses in Denmark, which means that they need to learn about diabetic foot ulcers from experience and peer-to-peer training, or by asking experienced colleagues. Interactive evidence-based learning systems built on case-based reasoning (CBR) have the potential to increase wound care nurses' diabetic foot ulcer knowledge and evidence levels. METHOD A prototype of a CBR-interactive, evidence-based algorithm-operated learning system calculates a dissimilarity score (DS) that gives a quantitative measure of similarity between a new case and cases stored in a case base in relation to six variables: necrosis, wound size, granulation, fibrin, dry skin, and age. Based on the DS, cases are selected by matching the six variables with the best predictive power and by weighing the impact of each variable according to its contribution to the prediction. The cases are ranked, and the six cases with the lowest DS are visualized in the system. RESULTS Conventional education, that is, evidence-based learning material such as books and lectures, may be less motivating and pedagogical than peer-to-peer training, which is, however, often less evidence-based. The CBR interactive learning systems presented in this study may bridge the two approaches. Showing wound care nurses how individual variables affect outcomes may help them achieve greater insights into pathophysiological processes. CONCLUSION A prototype of a CBR-interactive, evidence-based learning system that is centered on diabetic foot ulcers and related treatments bridges the gap between traditional evidence-based learning and more motivating and interactive learning approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Bender
- Department of Health Science and
Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark
- Clara Bender, Department of Health Science
and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7 C1-223, Aalborg, 9220,
Denmark.
| | | | | | - Riccardo Bellazzi
- IRCCS ICS Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Electrical, Computer and
Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Ole Hejlesen
- Department of Health Science and
Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li B, Liu Y, Zhang H, Jiang Q. A Knowledge-Based System for Intelligent Control Model of Rice and Wheat Combine Harvester. INT J PATTERN RECOGN 2022. [DOI: 10.1142/s021800142259008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The intelligent regulation and control strategies for rice and wheat combine harvesters’ operation are lacking and the rule of parameter matching is fuzzy in China, around these issues. The dynamic correlation control law among the parameters of rice and wheat, cleaning operation parameters of combine harvesters, the cleaning loss rate and impurity rate, and so on are studied. The intelligent control model for the rice and wheat combine harvester is established based on case-based reasoning (CBR). According to different rice and wheat varieties, water content and other rice and wheat properties, the control scheme of cleaning fan speed, air distributor plate angle and upper sieve opening with low cleaning impurity rate and cleaning loss rate is provided. Through the development of web-based cleaning intelligent control expert system and experimental evaluation, the feasibility and effectiveness of the CBR method in the intelligent control filed of rice and wheat combine harvesters are verified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Shanghai Dianji University, School of Electronic Information Engineering, Shanghai 201306, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Liu
- Shanghai Dianji University, School of Electronic Information Engineering, Shanghai 201306, P. R. China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Shanghai Dianji University, School of Electronic Information Engineering, Shanghai 201306, P. R. China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, West AnHui University, Lu’an 237012, Anhui, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lu J, Jiang Q, Huang H, Zhang Z, Wang R. Classification Algorithm of Case Retrieval Based on Granularity Calculation of Quotient Space. INT J PATTERN RECOGN 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s0218001421500038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Case retrieval is one of the key steps of case-based reasoning. The quality of case retrieval determines the effectiveness of the system. The common similarity calculation methods based on attributes include distance and inner product. Different similarity calculations have different influences on the effect of case retrieval. How to combine different similarity calculation results to get a more widely used and better retrieval algorithm is a hot issue in the current case-based reasoning research. In this paper, the granularity of quotient space is introduced into the similarity calculation based on attribute, and a case retrieval algorithm based on granularity synthesis theory is proposed. This method first uses similarity calculation of different attributes to get different results of case retrieval, and considers that these classification results constitute different quotient spaces, and then organizes these quotient spaces according to granularity synthesis theory to get the classification results of case retrieval. The experimental results verify the validity and correctness of this method and the application potential of granularity calculation of quotient space in case-based reasoning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Lu
- Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
| | - He Huang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
| | - Zhengyong Zhang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
| | - Rujing Wang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
When Collective Knowledge Meets Crowd Knowledge in a Smart City: A Prediction Method Combining Open Data Keyword Analysis and Case-Based Reasoning. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2018; 2018:7391793. [PMID: 30402214 PMCID: PMC6192084 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7391793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
One of the significant issues in a smart city is maintaining a healthy environment. To improve the environment, huge amounts of data are gathered, manipulated, analyzed, and utilized, and these data might include noise, uncertainty, or unexpected mistreatment of the data. In some datasets, the class imbalance problem skews the learning performance of the classification algorithms. In this paper, we propose a case-based reasoning method that combines the use of crowd knowledge from open source data and collective knowledge. This method mitigates the class imbalance issues resulting from datasets, which diagnose wellness levels in patients suffering from stress or depression. We investigate effective ways to mitigate class imbalance issues in which the datasets have a higher proportion of one class over another. The results of this proposed hybrid reasoning method, using a combination of crowd knowledge extracted from open source data (i.e., a Google search, or other publicly accessible source) and collective knowledge (i.e., case-based reasoning), were that it performs better than other traditional methods (e.g., SMO, BayesNet, IBk, Logistic, C4.5, and crowd reasoning). We also demonstrate that the use of open source and big data improves the classification performance when used in addition to conventional classification algorithms.
Collapse
|
6
|
Rogalski J, Leplat J. L’expérience professionnelle : expériences sédimentées et expériences épisodiques. ACTIVITES 2011. [DOI: 10.4000/activites.2556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
7
|
Begum S, Ahmed MU, Funk P, Xiong N, Folke M. Case-Based Reasoning Systems in the Health Sciences: A Survey of Recent Trends and Developments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1109/tsmcc.2010.2071862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
8
|
Conversational case-based reasoning in medical decision making. Artif Intell Med 2011; 52:59-66. [PMID: 21600745 DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Balancing the trade-offs between solution quality, problem-solving efficiency, and transparency is an important challenge in medical applications of conversational case-based reasoning (CCBR). For example, test selection in CCBR is often based on strategies in which the absence of a specific hypothesis (e.g., diagnosis) to be confirmed makes it difficult to explain the relevance of test results that users are asked to provide. In this paper, we present an approach to CCBR in medical classification and diagnosis that aims to increase transparency while also providing high levels of accuracy and efficiency. METHODS We present an algorithm for CCBR called iNN(k) in which feature selection is driven by the goal of confirming a target class and informed by a measure of a feature's discriminating power in favor of the target class. As we demonstrate in a CCBR system called CBR-Confirm, this enables a CCBR system to explain the relevance of any question it asks the user. We evaluate the algorithm's accuracy and efficiency on a selection of datasets related to medicine and health care. RESULTS The performance of iNN(k) on a given dataset is shown to depend on the value of k and on whether local or global feature selection is used in the algorithm. The combination of these parameters for which iNN(k) is most effective in addressing the trade-off between accuracy and efficiency is identified for each of the selected datasets. For example, only 42% and 51% on average of features in a complete problem description were needed by iNN(k) to provide accuracy levels of 86.5% and 84.3% respectively on the lymphography and SPECT heart datasets from the UCI machine learning repository. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate the ability of iNN(k) to provide high levels of accuracy on most of the selected datasets, while often requiring the user to provide only a small subset of the features in a complete problem description, and enabling a CCBR system to explain the relevance of any question it asks the user.
Collapse
|
9
|
Bichindaritz I, Montani S. Advances in case-based reasoning in the health sciences. Artif Intell Med 2011; 51:75-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
10
|
Hsu KH, Chiu C, Chiu NH, Lee PC, Chiu WK, Liu TH, Hwang CJ. A case-based classifier for hypertension detection. Knowl Based Syst 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.knosys.2010.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
11
|
O'Hare D, Mullen N, Arnold A. Enhancing Aeronautical Decision Making through Case-Based Reflection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10508410903415963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
12
|
Bichindaritz I, Montani S. INTRODUCTION TO THE SPECIAL ISSUE ON CASE-BASED REASONING IN THE HEALTH SCIENCES. Comput Intell 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8640.2009.00342.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
13
|
Biermans MCJ, de Bakker DH, Verheij RA, Gravestein JV, van der Linden MW, Robbé PFDV. Development of a case-based system for grouping diagnoses in general practice. Int J Med Inform 2007; 77:431-9. [PMID: 17870659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2007.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2006] [Revised: 08/03/2007] [Accepted: 08/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This article describes the development of EPICON; an application to group ICPC-coded diagnoses from electronic medical records in general practice into episodes of care. These episodes can be used to estimate prevalence and incidence rates. METHODS We used data from 89 practices that participated in the Dutch National Survey of General Practice. Additionally, we held interviews with seven experts, and studied documentation to establish the requirements of the application and to develop the design. We then performed a formative evaluation by assessing incorrectly grouped diagnoses. RESULTS EPICON is based on a combination of logical expressions, a decision table, and information extracted from individual cases by case-based reasoning. EPICON is able to group all diagnoses in the selected 89 practices, and groups 95% correctly. CONCLUSION The results cautiously indicate that EPICONs performance will probably be adequate for the purpose of estimating morbidity rates in general practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion C J Biermans
- Department of Medical Informatics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 152 MI, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bichindaritz I, Marling C. INTRODUCTION TO THE SPECIAL ISSUE ON CASE-BASED REASONING IN THE HEALTH SCIENCES. Comput Intell 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8640.2006.00279.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|