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D’Avino V, Ambrosino F, Bedogni R, Campoy AIC, La Verde G, Vernetto S, Vigorito CF, Pugliese M. Characterization of Thermoluminescent Dosimeters for Neutron Dosimetry at High Altitudes. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:5721. [PMID: 35957277 PMCID: PMC9370843 DOI: 10.3390/s22155721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neutrons constitute a significant component of the secondary cosmic rays and are one of the most important contributors to natural cosmic ray radiation background dose. The study of the cosmic ray neutrons' contribution to the dose equivalent received by humans is an interesting and challenging task for the scientific community. In addition, international regulations demand assessing the biological risk due to radiation exposure for both workers and the general population. Because the dose rate due to cosmic radiation increases significantly with altitude, the objective of this work was to characterize the thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLDs) from the perspective of exposing them at high altitudes for longtime neutron dose monitoring. The pair of TLD-700 and TLD-600 is amply used to obtain the information on gamma and neutron dose in mixed neutron-gamma fields due to the present difference in 6Li isotope concentration. A thermoluminescence dosimeter system based on pair of TLD-600/700 was characterized to enable it for neutron dosimetry in the thermal energy range. The system was calibrated in terms of neutron ambient dose equivalent in an experimental setup using a 241Am-B radionuclide neutron source coated by a moderator material, polyethylene, creating a thermalized neutron field. Afterward, the pair of TLD-600/700 was exposed at the CERN-EU High-Energy Reference Field (CERF) facility in Geneva, which delivers a neutron field with a spectrum similar to that of secondary cosmic rays. The dosimetric system provided a dose value comparable with the calculated one demonstrating a good performance for neutron dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria D’Avino
- Section of Naples, National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (V.D.); (G.L.V.)
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ambrosino
- Section of Naples, National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (V.D.); (G.L.V.)
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Bedogni
- Frascati National Laboratories, National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Via Enrico Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy; (R.B.); (A.I.C.C.)
| | - Abner Ivan C. Campoy
- Frascati National Laboratories, National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Via Enrico Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy; (R.B.); (A.I.C.C.)
| | - Giuseppe La Verde
- Section of Naples, National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (V.D.); (G.L.V.)
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Vernetto
- National Institute for Astrophysics—Astrophysical Observatory of Turin (INAF-OATO), Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy;
- Section of Turin, National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy;
| | - Carlo Francesco Vigorito
- Section of Turin, National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy;
- Department of Physics, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Mariagabriella Pugliese
- Section of Naples, National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (V.D.); (G.L.V.)
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
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La Verde G, Artiola V, La Commara M, D’Avino V, Angrisani L, Sabatino G, Pugliese M. COVID-19 and the Additional Radiological Risk during the Lockdown Period in the Province of Naples City (South Italy). Life (Basel) 2022; 12:246. [PMID: 35207532 PMCID: PMC8874998 DOI: 10.3390/life12020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The lockdown restrictions, as a first solution to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, have affected everyone's life and habits, including the time spent at home. The latter factor has drawn attention to indoor air quality and the impact on human health, particularly for chemical pollutants. This study investigated how the increasing time indoor influenced exposure to natural radioactive substances, such as radon gas. To calculate the radiological risk, we considered the most consolidated indices used for radiation protection: annual effective dose, excess lifetime cancer risk, and the lung cancer case. Furthermore, two different exposure times were considered: pre-lockdown and post-lockdown. The lockdown increased the indoor exposure time by 4% and, consequently, the radiological risk factors by 9%. Furthermore, the reference value of 300 Bq/m3, considered acceptable for human radiation protection, may need to be lowered further in the case of conditions similar to those of the lockdown period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe La Verde
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Via Cinthia ed. 6, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.L.C.); (V.D.); (M.P.)
- Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia ed. 6, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Artiola
- Centre for Advanced Metrology and Technological Services (CeSMA), University of Naples Federico II, Corso Nicolangelo Protopisani, 80146 Naples, Italy; (V.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Marco La Commara
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Via Cinthia ed. 6, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.L.C.); (V.D.); (M.P.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Vittoria D’Avino
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Via Cinthia ed. 6, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.L.C.); (V.D.); (M.P.)
- Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia ed. 6, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Leopoldo Angrisani
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio, 21, 80125 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Sabatino
- Centre for Advanced Metrology and Technological Services (CeSMA), University of Naples Federico II, Corso Nicolangelo Protopisani, 80146 Naples, Italy; (V.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Mariagabriella Pugliese
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Via Cinthia ed. 6, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.L.C.); (V.D.); (M.P.)
- Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia ed. 6, 80126 Naples, Italy
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Durante M, Paganetti H, Pompos A, Kry SF, Wu X, Grosshans DR. Report of a National Cancer Institute special panel: Characterization of the physical parameters of particle beams for biological research. Med Phys 2018; 46:e37-e52. [PMID: 30506898 DOI: 10.1002/mp.13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To define the physical parameters needed to characterize a particle beam in order to allow intercomparison of different experiments performed using different ions at the same facility and using the same ion at different facilities. METHODS At the request of the National Cancer Institute (NCI), a special panel was convened to review the current status of the field and to provide suggested metrics for reporting the physical parameters of particle beams to be used for biological research. A set of physical parameters and measurements that should be performed by facilities and understood and reported by researchers supported by NCI to perform pre-clinical radiobiology and medical physics of heavy ions were generated. RESULTS Standard measures such as radiation delivery technique, beam modifiers used, nominal energy, field size, physical dose and dose rate should all be reported. However, more advanced physical measurements, including detailed characterization of beam quality by microdosimetric spectrum and fragmentation spectra, should also be established and reported. Details regarding how such data should be incorporated into Monte Carlo simulations and the proper reporting of simulation details are also discussed. CONCLUSIONS In order to allow for a clear relation of physical parameters to biological effects, facilities and researchers should establish and report detailed physical characteristics of the irradiation beams utilized including both standard and advanced measures. Biological researchers are encouraged to actively engage facility staff and physicists in the design and conduct of experiments. Modeling individual experimental setups will allow for the reporting of the uncertainties in the measurement or calculation of physical parameters which should be routinely reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Durante
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung and Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Planckstraße 1, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Harald Paganetti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Arnold Pompos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Stephen F Kry
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- Department of Medical Physics, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, China
| | - David R Grosshans
- Departments of Radiation and Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
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Miller J, Zeitlin C. Twenty years of space radiation physics at the BNL AGS and NASA Space Radiation Laboratory. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2016; 9:12-18. [PMID: 27345198 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Highly ionizing atomic nuclei HZE in the GCR will be a significant source of radiation exposure for humans on extended missions outside low Earth orbit. Accelerators such as the LBNL Bevalac and the BNL AGS, designed decades ago for fundamental nuclear and particle physics research, subsequently found use as sources of GCR-like particles for ground-based physics and biology research relevant to space flight. The NASA Space Radiation Laboratory at BNL was constructed specifically for space radiation research. Here we review some of the space-related physics results obtained over the first 20 years of NASA-sponsored research at Brookhaven.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Miller
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States .
| | - C Zeitlin
- Lockheed Martin Information Services & Global Solutions, 625 Bay Area Blvd. #800, Houston, TX 77058, United States
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Structure, thermal, optical and electrical investigation of the effect of heavy highly energetic ions irradiations in Bayfol DPF 5023 nuclear track detector. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2013.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Gupta R, Kumar A. Response of CR39 detector to 5A GeV Si14+ ions and measurement of total charge changing cross-section. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Calibration of CR39 detectors with new system for Fe26+ ion beam and measurement of total charge changing cross-section in Al target. RADIAT MEAS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Mrázová Z, Jadrníčková I, Brabcová K, Spurný F. Fragmentation of Ne ions with energy 400 MeV/u behind targets from different materials measured with PNTD. RADIAT MEAS 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2010.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Scampoli P. Solid state nuclear track detectors in hadrontherapy and radiation protection in space. RADIAT MEAS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2009.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sihver L. Transport calculations and accelerator experiments needed for radiation risk assessment in space. Z Med Phys 2008; 18:253-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2008.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Manti L. Does reduced gravity alter cellular response to ionizing radiation? RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2006; 45:1-8. [PMID: 16523345 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-006-0037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2005] [Accepted: 02/08/2006] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This review addresses the purported interplay between actual or simulated weightlessness and cellular response to ionizing radiation. Although weightlessness is known to alter several cellular functions and to affect signaling pathways implicated in cell proliferation, differentiation and death, its influence on cellular radiosensitivity has so far proven elusive. Renewed controversy as to whether reduced gravity enhances long-term radiation risk is fueled by recently published data that claim either overall enhancement of genomic damage or no increase of radiation-induced clastogenicity by modeled microgravity in irradiated human cells. In elucidating this crucial aspect of space radiation protection, ground-based experiments, such as those based on rotating-wall bioreactors, will increasingly be used and represent a more reproducible alternative to in-flight experiments. These low-shear vessels also make three-dimensional cellular co-cultures possible and thus allow to study the gravisensitivity of radioresponse in a context that better mimics cell-to-cell communication and hence in vivo cellular behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Manti
- Radiation Biophysics Laboratory, Physics Department, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy.
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Konishi T, Takeyasu A, Yasuda N, Natsume T, Nakajima H, Matsumoto K, Asuka T, Sato Y, Furusawa Y, Hieda K. Number of Fe ion traversals through a cell nucleus for mammalian cell inactivation near the bragg peak. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2005; 46:415-24. [PMID: 16394632 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.46.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
HeLa and CHO-K1 cells were irradiated with Fe ions (1.14 MeV/nucleon) near the Bragg peak to determine how many ion traversals through a cell nucleus are necessary to induce cell inactivation. The ion traversals through a cell nucleus were visualized by immunostaining the phosphorylated histone H2AX (gamma-H2AX), as an indicator of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), to confirm that DSBs are actually induced along every Fe ion traversal through the nucleus. The survival curves after irradiation with Fe ions decreased exponentially with the ion fluence without a shoulder. The inactivation cross sections calculated from the slope of the survival curves and the standard errors were 96.9 +/- 1.8 and 57.9 +/- 5.4 microm2 for HeLa and CHO-K1 cells, respectively, corresponding to 0.442 and 0.456 of the mean value of each cell nucleus area. Taking the distribution of the cell nucleus area into consideration with an equation proposed by Goodhead et al. (1980), which calculates the average number of lesions per single ion track through the average area of a sensitive organelle (mainly nucleus), these two ratios were converted to 0.705 and 0.659 for HeLa and CHO-K1 cells, respectively. These ratios were less than one, suggesting that the average numbers of lethal hits per cell produced by a single ion traversal were less than one. We thus considered two possible explanations for ion traversals of more than one, necessary for cell inactivation.
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