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Koyama Y, Migita S, Shimodai-Yamada S, Suzuki M, Uto K, Okumura Y, Ohura N, Hao H. Pathology of Critical Limb Ischemia; Comparison of Plaque Characteristics Between Anterior and Posterior Tibial Arteries. J Atheroscler Thromb 2023; 30:1893-1904. [PMID: 37331812 DOI: 10.5551/jat.64259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Though the number of patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and critical limb ischemia (CLI) is increasing, few histopathological studies of PAD, particularly that involving below-the-knee arteries, has been reported. We analyzed the pathology of anterior tibial artery (ATA) and posterior tibial artery (PTA) specimens obtained from patients who underwent lower extremity amputation due to CLIMethods: Dissected ATAs and PTAs were subjected to ex-vivo soft X-ray radiography, followed by pathological examination using 860 histological sections. This protocol was approved by the Ethics Review Board of Nihon University Itabashi Hospital (RK-190910-01) and Kyorin University Hospital (R02-179). RESULTS The calcified area distribution was significantly larger in PTAs than in ATAs on soft X-ray radiographic images (ATAs, 48.3% ±19.2 versus PTAs, 61.6% ±23.9; p<0.001). Eccentric plaque with necrotic core and macrophage infiltration were more prominent in ATAs than in PTAs (eccentric plaque: ATAs, 63.7% versus PTAs, 49.1%; p<0.0001, macrophage: ATAs, 0.29% [0.095 - 1.1%] versus PTAs, 0.12% [0.029 - 0.36%]; p<0.001), histopathologically. Thromboembolic lesions were more frequently identified in PTAs than in ATAs (ATAs, 11.1% versus PTAs 15.8%; p<0.05). Moreover, post-balloon injury pathology differed between ATAs and PTAs. CONCLUSIONS Histological features differed strikingly between ATAs and PTAs obtained from CLI patients. Clarifying the pathological features of CLI would contribute to establishing therapeutic strategies for PAD, particularly disease involving below-the knee-arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Koyama
- Division of Human Pathology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | - Suguru Migita
- Division of Human Pathology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | - Sayaka Shimodai-Yamada
- Division of Human Pathology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | - Mayumi Suzuki
- Division of Human Pathology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | - Kenta Uto
- Division of Human Pathology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | - Yasuo Okumura
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | - Norihiko Ohura
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine
| | - Hiroyuki Hao
- Division of Human Pathology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine
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Bin-Jaliah I, Hewett PW, Al-Hashem F, Haidara MA, Abdel Kader DH, Morsy MD, Al-Ani B. Insulin protects against type 1 diabetes mellitus-induced aortopathy associated with the inhibition of biomarkers of vascular injury in rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 127:266-272. [PMID: 31250674 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1632900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to investigate the protective effect of insulin against type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)-induced aortic injury (aortopathy) associated with the inhibition of biomarkers of vascular injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS T1DM was induced in rats by streptozotocin (STZ) (65 mg/kg), and the protection group started insulin treatment 2 days post diabetic induction and continued until being sacrificed at week 8. RESULTS Aortopathy was developed in the diabetic rats as demonstrated by profound alterations to the aorta ultrastructure, which was substantially protected by insulin. In addition, insulin significantly inhibited diabetes-induced dyslipidaemia, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), oxidative stress, and inflammation. However, blood levels of these biomarkers in the insulin-treated group were still significant (p < .05) compared with the control group, whereas insulin treatment returned blood glucose and triglyceride to control levels. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate effective protection by insulin against T1DM-induced aortopathy in rats, which is associated with the inhibition of vascular injury biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismaeel Bin-Jaliah
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peter W Hewett
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Fahaid Al-Hashem
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Haidara
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physiology, Kasr al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina H Abdel Kader
- Department of Medical Histology, Kasr al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M D Morsy
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin el Kom, Egypt
| | - Bahjat Al-Ani
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Notarnicola A, Barsotti S, Näsman L, Tang Q, Holmqvist M, Lundberg IE, Antovic A. Evaluation of risk factors and biomarkers related to arterial and venous thrombotic events in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Scand J Rheumatol 2021; 50:390-397. [PMID: 33622160 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2020.1861647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the contribution of traditional/disease-related risk factors and biomarkers linked to arterial and venous thrombotic events (TEs) in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs).Method: The occurrence of arterial and/or venous TEs at the time of or after IIM diagnosis was retrospectively evaluated in a cohort of 253 patients with IIMs, resulting in a final population of 246 IIM patients, 51 with reported TE (cases) and 195 without a history of TE (comparators). Information on disease characteristics and traditional risk factors for arterial and venous TE (essential hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, smoking, malignancy) was retrieved. Serum levels of anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPLs) and adhesion molecules were analysed at the time of IIM diagnosis and at the time of the TE in cases.Results: One in five IIM patients (21%) had experienced a TE, arterial TE in 22 and venous TE in 29 patients, with a peak prevalence within 5 years after diagnosis. Among traditional/disease-related risk factors, only older age was associated with both arterial and venous TEs, after adjusting for other covariates. Low serum levels of e-selectin were associated with higher odds of developing a TE, without specific association with either arterial or venous TEs. Only 6% of IIM patients had aPLs, with no significant difference between cases and comparators.Conclusions: An increased risk of both venous and arterial TEs should be considered in IIM patients, particularly close to diagnosis and in elderly people. Low serum levels of e-selectin may predict TE in IIM patients, but the underlying biological mechanism is not known.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Notarnicola
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Division of Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Barsotti
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Näsman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Division of Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Q Tang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Division of Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Holmqvist
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Division of Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I E Lundberg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Division of Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Antovic
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Division of Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Rallidis LS, Gialeraki A, Triantafyllis AS, Tsirebolos G, Liakos G, Moutsatsou P, Iliodromitis E. Characteristics and Long-Term Prognosis of Patients ≤35 Years of Age with ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction and "Normal or Near Normal" Coronary Arteries. Am J Cardiol 2017; 120:740-746. [PMID: 28689750 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There are scarce data regarding risk factors and prognosis of patients with premature ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and "normal or near normal" coronary arteries (N/NNCAs). We compared the characteristics and long-term prognosis of patients with premature STEMI and N/NNCAs with their counterparts with significant coronary artery disease (CAD). We recruited 330 patients who had STEMI ≤35 years of age and 167 age- and gender-matched controls. All patients underwent coronary angiography. Coronary arteries with no lesions or lesions causing <30% reduction in lumen diameter were defined as N/NNCAs, whereas narrowings causing ≥50% diameter reduction formed the significant CAD group. Lipid profile, homocysteine levels, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism were determined. Sixty patients (18%) had N/NNCAs. Patients with N/NNCAs had lower low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and higher high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, higher homocysteine levels, and higher prevalence of MTHFR TT genotype (34.6 vs 18%, p = 0.008) compared with patients with significant CAD. After a median follow-up of 8 years, cardiovascular events occurred in 105 (36%) of 291 patients with available follow-up data. Significant CAD was associated with higher risk for recurrent cardiovascular events after adjustment for traditional risk factors (hazard ratio 2.095, 95% confidence interval 1.088 to 3.664, p = 0.022) and additional adjustment for the left ventricular ejection fraction, reperfusion therapy, and persistent smoking (hazard ratio 1.869, 95% confidence interval 1.007 to 3.468, p = 0.041). In conclusion, patients with premature STEMI and N/NNCAs have fewer lipid abnormalities, higher homocysteine levels and prevalence of MTHFR TT genotype, and better long-term prognosis compared with their counterparts with significant CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loukianos S Rallidis
- Second Department of Cardiology, University General Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece.
| | - Argyri Gialeraki
- Laboratory of Hematology and Blood Transfusion Unit, University General Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Georgios Tsirebolos
- Second Department of Cardiology, University General Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Liakos
- Biochemistry Laboratory, General Hospital of Nikea, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Moutsatsou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University General Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece
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Dzikowska-Diduch O, Domienik-Karłowicz J, Górska E, Demkow U, Pruszczyk P, Kostrubiec M. E-selectin and sICAM-1, biomarkers of endothelial function, predict recurrence of venous thromboembolism. Thromb Res 2017; 157:173-180. [PMID: 28780342 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2017.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk factors for atherosclerosis and venous thromboembolism (VTE) overlap and are mostly associated with endothelial dysfunction (ED). We hypothesized that ED is present in patients after the first episode of acute pulmonary embolism (APE) and predicts the risk of VTE recurrence. DESIGN AND METHODS Patients, at least 6months after the first episode of symptomatic, confirmed APE were included in this case-control study. The exclusion criteria were risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and other conditions associated with endothelial dysfunction. Eighty two patients (aged 38±11years; 44 M; 38 F) were enrolled in the study, 39 after provoked APE, 43 after unprovoked APE, and 30 controls (C) (aged 38±12years; 15 M, 15 F). In order to evaluate the endothelial function in patients with a history of APE flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery and biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction (sVCAM-1, sICAM-1, ADMA, E-selectin) were measured. Subsequently all patients were followed up in an outpatient clinic for VTE recurrence. RESULTS FMD was more often impaired in APE patients than in controls (5.3% (0.8-20.3) vs. 13.8% (4.1-24.3); p<0.0001). Biomarker levels differed between APE and C groups: sVCAM-1 (631ng/ml (105-2382) vs. 495ng/ml (348-934); p=0.04) and sICAM-1 (679ng/ml (279-1006) vs. 600ng/ml (394-766); p=0.002). There were 19 recurrences of VTE during the at least 12-month follow-up (15 with history of unprovoked-APE and 4 after provoked-APE). E-selectin ≥39ng/ml and sICAM-1≤655ng/ml indicated the group without recurrence of VTE. In a group of 43 unprovoked APE patients both E-selectin<39ng/ml and sICAM-1>655ng/ml were found in 17 subjects. Eleven of them (65%) were diagnosed with recurrent VTE. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial function is significantly impaired in patients after an episode of APE as indicated by FMD assessment and biomarker levels. Low concentrations of E-selectin and high levels of sICAM-1 are associated with a high risk of recurrent thromboembolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Dzikowska-Diduch
- The Medical University of Warsaw, Department of Internal Medicine & Cardiology, Poland.
| | | | - Elżbieta Górska
- The Medical University of Warsaw, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Poland
| | - Urszula Demkow
- The Medical University of Warsaw, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Poland
| | - Piotr Pruszczyk
- The Medical University of Warsaw, Department of Internal Medicine & Cardiology, Poland
| | - Maciej Kostrubiec
- The Medical University of Warsaw, Department of Internal Medicine & Cardiology, Poland
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Prasad M, McBane R, Reriani M, Lerman LO, Lerman A. Coronary endothelial dysfunction is associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism. Thromb Res 2016; 139:17-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2015.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Fan Y, Wang L, Li Y, Yin Z, Xu Z, Wang C. Quantification of Endothelial Microparticles on Modified Cytometric Bead Assay and Prognosis in Chest Pain Patients. Circ J 2014; 78:206-14. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-13-0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School
| | - Liansheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School
| | - Yuanmin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School
| | - Zhaofang Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School
| | - Zuojun Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School
| | - Changqian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School
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de Boer HC, van Oeveren-Rietdijk AM, Rotmans JI, Dekkers OM, Rabelink TJ, van Zonneveld AJ. Activated platelets correlate with mobilization of naïve CD34(+) cells and generation of CD34(+) /KDR(+) cells in the circulation. A meta-regression analysis. J Thromb Haemost 2013; 11:1583-92. [PMID: 23895310 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow-derived circulating CD34(+) progenitor cells participate in remodeling and repair of the vasculature. Coexpression of the kinase-insert domain-containing receptor (KDR) has been proposed to identify the regenerative capacity. Recently, we provided evidence that the major fraction of circulating CD34(+) /KDR(+) cells is not mobilized from bone marrow, but is generated at sites of vascular injury through interaction with platelets. OBJECTIVES To determine the relationship between platelet activation, the recruitment of naïve CD34(+) cells and the generation of CD34(+) /KDR(+) progenitor cells in a broad range of (patho)physiologic conditions, a detailed meta-regression analysis was conducted. METHODS/RESULTS Twenty-eight conditions were found in which the numbers of CD34(+) and/or CD34(+) /KDR(+) cells and the levels of soluble P-selectin, as a marker for in vivo platelet activation, were documented. To combine heterogeneous data from 214 selected articles, results were standardized to a uniform scale by calculating standardized mean differences (SMDs) obtained from patient and control cohorts. Subsequently, a random-effects meta-regression analysis was performed on pooled SMDs. CONCLUSIONS Our systemic survey supports a model in which activated platelets are a determinant for mobilization of CD34(+) cells from the bone marrow and the generation of CD34(+) /KDR(+) cells in the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C de Boer
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Selectins and Associated Adhesion Proteins in Inflammatory disorders. ANIMAL LECTINS: FORM, FUNCTION AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 2012. [PMCID: PMC7121831 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-1065-2_44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is defined as the normal response of living tissue to injury or infection. It is important to emphasize two components of this definition. First, that inflammation is a normal response and, as such, is expected to occur when tissue is damaged. Infact, if injured tissue does not exhibit signs of inflammation this would be considered abnormal and wounds and infections would never heal without inflammation. Secondly, inflammation occurs in living tissue, hence there is need for an adequate blood supply to the tissues in order to exhibit an inflammatory response. The inflammatory response may be triggered by mechanical injury, chemical toxins, and invasion by microorganisms, and hypersensitivity reactions. Three major events occur during the inflammatory response: the blood supply to the affected area is increased substantially, capillary permeability is increased, and leucocytes migrate from the capillary vessels into the surrounding interstitial spaces to the site of inflammation or injury. The inflammatory response represents a complex biological and biochemical process involving cells of the immune system and a plethora of biological mediators. Cell-to-cell communication molecules such as cytokines play an extremely important role in mediating the process of inflammation. Inflammation and platelet activation are critical phenomena in the setting of acute coronary syndromes. An extensive exposition of this complex phenomenon is beyond the scope of this article (Rankin 2004).
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Jezovnik MK, Poredos P, Stalc M. Impairment of the vasodilatation capability of the brachial artery in patients with idiopathic venous thrombosis. J Atheroscler Thromb 2010; 17:1190-8. [PMID: 20702975 DOI: 10.5551/jat.4960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Determination of the functional capability of the peripheral arteries is increasingly used as an early marker of vessel disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate flow-mediated (FMD) and glyceryl trinitrate-mediated (NMD) dilation of the brachial artery in patients with idiopathic venous thrombosis (VT). METHODS Flow-mediated brachial artery dilatation and the dilatation response to glyceryl trinitrate were measured using high-resolution ultrasound in 97 subjects (49 eligible patients of both sexes, mean age 51.5 ± 14.6 years, with idiopathic venous thrombosis, and 48 age-matched healthy controls). RESULTS Compared to the control group, FMD was significantly reduced in the group of patients with idiopathic venous thrombosis -4.9% (95% CI 1.1-8.7%) vs. 12.7% (95% CI 7.8-17.6%), p<0.001. Patients also had diminished NMD of the brachial artery -12.5% (95% CI 6.6-18.4%) vs. 18.5% (95% CI 10.1-26.9%), p<0.001. In patients, significantly higher levels of circulatory markers (P-selectin, von Willebrand factor) of endothelial dysfunction were registered. CONCLUSIONS Idiopathic venous thrombosis is associated with impaired flow- and GTN-mediated vasodilatory response of the brachial artery. This may suggest involvement of the functional deterioration of the vessel wall in the pathogenesis of idiopathic VT and indicate a relationship between VT and atherothrombosis.
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Fornasa G, Groyer E, Clement M, Dimitrov J, Compain C, Gaston AT, Varthaman A, Khallou-Laschet J, Newman DK, Graff-Dubois S, Nicoletti A, Caligiuri G. TCR stimulation drives cleavage and shedding of the ITIM receptor CD31. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:5485-92. [PMID: 20400708 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CD31 is a transmembrane molecule endowed with T cell regulatory functions owing to the presence of 2 immunotyrosine-based inhibitory motifs. For reasons not understood, CD31 is lost by a portion of circulating T lymphocytes, which appear prone to uncontrolled activation. In this study, we show that extracellular T cell CD31 comprising Ig-like domains 1 to 5 is cleaved and shed from the surface of human T cells upon activation via their TCR. The shed CD31 can be specifically detected as a soluble, truncated protein in human plasma. CD31 shedding results in the loss of its inhibitory function because the necessary cis-homo-oligomerization of the molecule, triggered by the trans-homophilic engagement of the distal Ig-like domain 1, cannot be established by CD31(shed) cells. However, we show that a juxta-membrane extracellular sequence, comprising part of the domain 6, remains expressed at the surface of CD31(shed) T cells. We also show that the immunosuppressive CD31 peptide aa 551-574 is highly homophilic and possibly acts by homo-oligomerizing with the truncated CD31 remaining after its cleavage and shedding. This peptide is able to sustain phosphorylation of the CD31 ITIM(686) and of SHP2 and to inhibit TCR-induced T cell activation. Finally, systemic administration of the peptide in BALB/c mice efficiently suppresses Ag-induced T cell-mediated immune responses in vivo. We conclude that the loss of T cell regulation caused by CD31 shedding driven by TCR stimulation can be rescued by molecular tools able to engage the truncated juxta-membrane extracellular molecule that remains exposed at the surface of CD31(shed) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fornasa
- Institut National de la Santé de la Recherche Médicale, U698, Paris, France
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Ghosh K, Khare A, Shetty S, Kulkarni B. Hyperhomocysteinemia in a cohort of young patients with acute myocardial infarction from Western India: pattern of response to oral folic acid, vitamin B12, B6 therapy. Clin Chim Acta 2006; 377:281-2. [PMID: 17069780 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2006.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2006] [Revised: 09/12/2006] [Accepted: 09/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Ghosh K. Plasma Homocysteine Level and Myocardial Infarction: How High is High Enough to Need Intervention? South Med J 2006; 99:796-7. [PMID: 16929868 DOI: 10.1097/01.smj.0000231248.62486.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Constans J, Conri C. Circulating markers of endothelial function in cardiovascular disease. Clin Chim Acta 2006; 368:33-47. [PMID: 16530177 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2005.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2005] [Revised: 12/15/2005] [Accepted: 12/23/2005] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a key event in cardiovascular disease. Measurement of endothelial dysfunction in vivo presents a major challenge, but has important implications since it may identify the clinical need for therapeutic intervention, specifically in primary prevention. Several biological markers have been used as indicators of endothelial dysfunction. The soluble adhesion molecules sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 lack specificity and are increased in inflammatory processes. Both markers are increased in coronary artery disease. sICAM-1 level predicts the risk for cardiovascular disease or diabetes mellitus in healthy individuals. sE-selectin is specific for the endothelium and is increased in coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus. sE-selectin is also associated with diabetic risk. The endothelium-specific marker, soluble thrombomodulin, is associated with severity of coronary artery disease, stroke or peripheral occlusive arterial disease and is not increased in healthy or asymptomatic subjects. Interestingly, thrombomodulin decreases during treatment of hypercholesterolemia or hyperhomocysteinemia. In contrast, von Willebrand factor is the best endothelial biomarker and predicts risk for ischemic heart disease or stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Constans
- Service de Médecine Interne et Médecine Vasculaire, Hôpital Saint-André, 1 rue Jean Burguet, 33075 Bordeaux And EA 3670, Université Victor Segalen-Bordeaux II, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
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