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Souza MMQ, Silva GRD, Cola IM, Silva AO, Schaedler MI, Guarnier LP, Palozi RAC, Barboza LN, Menetrier JV, Froelich DL, Auth PA, Veiga ADA, Souza LMD, Lovato ECW, Ribeiro-Paes JT, Gasparotto Junior A, Lívero FADR. Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC: An Innovative Cardioprotective Herbal Medicine Against Multiple Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease. J Med Food 2019; 23:676-684. [PMID: 31702422 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and among its modifiable risk factors are dyslipidemia, diabetes, and smoking. Experimental models evaluated this risk factors singly, however, there is a lack of models that agglomerate these risk factors, resembling real patients and elucidating the pathophysiology of CVD. Moreover, few studies have investigated the cardioprotective effects of Baccharis trimera, a species with lipid-lowering effects. In this study, ethanol-soluble fraction of B. trimera was characterized by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin in Wistar rats that also received 0.5% cholesterol-enriched chow and were exposed to the smoke of nine cigarettes, 5 days/week, for 4 weeks. During the last 2 weeks, the animals were treated with vehicle (C-), B. trimera, or simvastatin plus insulin. At the end, cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, and creatinine levels; blood pressure (BP); heart rate (HR); abdominal aortic morphometry; vascular reactivity; renal and cardiac oxidative status; and histopathological changes were evaluated. The agglomerate of risk factors promoted alterations contrary to those described in the literature for the isolated risk factors. The C- group exhibited oxidative stress, increase in biochemical parameters, and thickening of the wall of the abdominal aorta. HR, systolic, diastolic, and mean BP decreased, and vascular reactivity was altered. Cardiac and renal histopathological changes were observed. Treatment with B. trimera reversed these changes and this effect may be partially attributable to lipid-lowering action and to the inhibition of free radical generation. B. trimera has cardioprotective effects in this model, with no toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília Moraes Queiroz Souza
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Postgraduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Ratti da Silva
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Postgraduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Itaruã Machri Cola
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Postgraduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Aniely Oliveira Silva
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maysa Isernhagen Schaedler
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lucas Pires Guarnier
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rhanany Alan Calloi Palozi
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lorena Neris Barboza
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Postgraduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Vergutz Menetrier
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Postgraduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Diego Lacir Froelich
- Laboratory Prevention and Diagnosis, Assis Gurgacz Faculty, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Pablo Alvarez Auth
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Postgraduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alan de Almeida Veiga
- Institute of Research Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Pequeno Príncipe Faculty, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lauro Mera de Souza
- Institute of Research Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Pequeno Príncipe Faculty, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Evellyn Claudia Wietzikoski Lovato
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Postgraduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | - João Tadeu Ribeiro-Paes
- Laboratory of Genetics and Cell Therapy, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Assis, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Francislaine Aparecida Dos Reis Lívero
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Postgraduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention, Paranaense University, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
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Ball S, Rogers S, Kanesalingam K, Taylor R, Katsogridakis E, McCollum C. Carotid plaque volume in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. Br J Surg 2018; 105:262-269. [PMID: 29315509 PMCID: PMC5873399 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main indication for carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is severity of carotid artery stenosis, even though most strokes in carotid disease are embolic. The relationship between carotid plaque volume (CPV) and symptoms of cerebral ischaemia, and the measurement of CPV by minimally invasive tomographic ultrasound imaging, were investigated. METHODS The volume of the endarterectomy specimen was measured using a validated saline suspension technique in patients undergoing CEA. Time from last symptom and severity of stenosis measured by duplex ultrasonography were recorded. Middle cerebral artery emboli were counted using transcranial Doppler imaging (TCD) in a subset of patients. RESULTS Some 339 patients were included, 270 with symptomatic and 69 with asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Mean(s.d.) CPV was higher in symptomatic than in asymptomatic patients (0·97(0·43) versus 0.74(0·41) cm3 ; P < 0·001). CPV did not correlate with severity of carotid stenosis (P = 0·770). Mean CPV was highest at 1·03(0·46) cm3 in the 4 weeks following cerebral symptoms, declining to 0·78(0·36) cm3 beyond 8 weeks. Among 33 patients who had TCD, mean CPV was 1·00(0·48) cm3 in the 27 patients with ipsilateral cerebral emboli compared with 0·67(0·16) cm3 in those without (P = 0·142). There was excellent correlation between CPV measured by tomographic ultrasound imaging and the endarterectomy specimen in 34 patients (r = 0·93, P < 0·001). CONCLUSION CPV correlated with symptoms of cerebral ischaemia, but not carotid stenosis. It could be a potential indicator for CEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ball
- Academic Surgery Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - S Rogers
- Academic Surgery Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Independent Vascular Services Ltd, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - K Kanesalingam
- Academic Surgery Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - R Taylor
- Academic Surgery Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - E Katsogridakis
- Academic Surgery Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - C McCollum
- Academic Surgery Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Martins NSDF, Carneiro LT, Dantas HDM, Esperança C, Marroquim RG, Oliveira LFD, Machado JC. Generation of 3D ultrasound biomicroscopic images: technique validation and in vivo volumetric imaging of rat lateral gastrocnemius. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-3151.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - João Carlos Machado
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Vasquez EC, Peotta VA, Gava AL, Pereira TM, Meyrelles SS. Cardiac and vascular phenotypes in the apolipoprotein E-deficient mouse. J Biomed Sci 2012; 19:22. [PMID: 22330242 PMCID: PMC3306747 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-19-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular death is frequently associated with atherosclerosis, a chronic multifactorial disease and a leading cause of death worldwide. Genetically engineered mouse models have proven useful for the study of the mechanisms underlying cardiovascular diseases. The apolipoprotein E-deficient mouse has been the most widely used animal model of atherosclerosis because it rapidly develops severe hypercholesterolemia and spontaneous atherosclerotic lesions similar to those observed in humans. In this review, we provide an overview of the cardiac and vascular phenotypes and discuss the interplay among nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, aging and diet in the impairment of cardiovascular function in this mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisardo C Vasquez
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
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Kingstone LL, Currie GM, Torres C. The Pathogenesis, Analysis, and Imaging Methods of Atherosclerotic Disease of the Carotid Artery: Review of the Literature. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2011; 43:84-94. [PMID: 31052031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular (CVA) accidents are the second leading cause of death worldwide and their numbers are increasing. Strokes can arise from several causes, with extracranial carotid artery atherosclerosis (CAS) being one of the leading causes. CAS causes these strokes either by diminishing blood flow distal to the diseased stenotic segment of the artery or, as more recently discovered, by a thromboembolic event of material from the plaque site itself. The specific etiology of CAS is unknown, but causative factors in the formation of atherosclerotic plaque of the carotid arteries have been linked to specific morphological areas within the plaque that may be vulnerable to rupture, leading to thromboemboli into the cerebrovascular circulation. The current means for imaging and reporting CAS is through the measurement of the severity of luminal diameter stenosis caused by atherosclerotic disease. Recent developments in medical imaging techniques have expanded the role of early imaging and detection of CAS. Although current practice uses luminal narrowing as the surrogate marker to assess CAS, it has been recently discovered that plaque morphology and composition may help predict the clinical behavior of CAS and better determine the necessary medical intervention or risk of stroke. Although a single optimized imaging modality for standard CAS imaging has not been established or agreed on, various modalities can provide key elements to a successful exam. This review article will evaluate the most commonly used methods for CAS imaging along with the new and upcoming uses, advantages, and limitations for advanced CAS imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lysa Legault Kingstone
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; School of Dentistry and Health Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia
| | - Geoffrey M Currie
- School of Dentistry and Health Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia; Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Carlos Torres
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Ultrasound biomicroscopy in small animal research: applications in molecular and preclinical imaging. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2012:519238. [PMID: 22163379 PMCID: PMC3202139 DOI: 10.1155/2012/519238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) is a noninvasive multimodality technique that allows high-resolution imaging in mice. It is affordable, widely available, and portable. When it is coupled to Doppler ultrasound with color and power Doppler, it can be used to quantify blood flow and to image microcirculation as well as the response of tumor blood supply to cancer therapy. Target contrast ultrasound combines ultrasound with novel molecular targeted contrast agent to assess biological processes at molecular level. UBM is useful to investigate the growth and differentiation of tumors as well as to detect early molecular expression of cancer-related biomarkers in vivo and to monitor the effects of cancer therapies. It can be also used to visualize the embryological development of mice in uterus or to examine their cardiovascular development. The availability of real-time imaging of mice anatomy allows performing aspiration procedures under ultrasound guidance as well as the microinjection of cells, viruses, or other agents into precise locations. This paper will describe some basic principles of high-resolution imaging equipment, and the most important applications in molecular and preclinical imaging in small animal research.
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