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Shu MJ, Zhai FF, Zhang DD, Han F, Zhou L, Ni J, Yao M, Zhang SY, Cui LY, Jin ZY, Zhu HJ, Zhu YC. Metabolic syndrome, intracranial arterial stenosis and cerebral small vessel disease in community-dwelling populations. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2021; 6:589-594. [PMID: 33903177 PMCID: PMC8717787 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2020-000813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) with both intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) and imaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) in a community-based sample. METHODS This study included 943 participants (aged 55.6±9.2 years, 36.1% male) from the community-based Shunyi cohort study. MetS was defined according to the joint interim criteria and quantified by the MetS severity Z-score. ICAS was evaluated by brain magnetic resonance angiography. The MRI markers of CSVD, including white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), lacunes, cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS), were assessed. Multiple regression models were used to investigate the association of MetS severity Z-score with ICAS and these CSVD markers. RESULTS We found that risk of ICAS (OR=1.75, 95% CI 1.39 to 2.21, p<0.001) increased consistently with MetS severity. MetS severity was significantly associated with higher risks of WMH volume (β=0.11, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.20, p=0.02) and lacunes (OR=1.28, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.59, p=0.03) but not the presence of CMBs (OR=0.93, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.16, p=0.51) and PVS severity (EPVS in basal ganglia: OR=0.96, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.09, p=0.51 and EPVS in white matter: OR=1.09, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.23, p=0.21). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that WMH and lacunes share risk factors with atherosclerosis of the cerebral artery, whereas the impact of glucose and lipid metabolic disorder to CMB or EPVS might be weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Jun Shu
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fei-Fei Zhai
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ding-Ding Zhang
- Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Han
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Zhou
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ni
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Yao
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Yang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ying Cui
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-Yu Jin
- Department of Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Juan Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Cheng Zhu
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Flaxseed and quercetin improve anti-inflammatory cytokine level and insulin sensitivity in animal model of metabolic syndrome, the fructose-fed rats. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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Abstract
AbstractChitin (β-(1-4)-poly-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine) is widely distributed in nature. A method for the preparation of chitin nanofibers (CNFs) is reported. CNFs are considered to have several potential applications because they have useful properties such as high specific surface area and porosity. More recently, beneficial effects of CNF as functional foods were reported. First, the anti-inflammatory effect of oral administration of chitin CNFs was demonstrated in a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It was found that CNFs improved clinical symptoms and suppressed IBD. CNFs decreased the areas with nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) staining in colon tissue. Second, the anti-obesity effects of surface-deacetylated chitin nanofibers (SDACNF) in a mouse model of high-fat diet-induced obesity was evaluated. SDACNFs suppressed the increase in body weight produced by the high-fat diet; however, CNFs did not suppress such weight gain. SDACNFs decreased serum levels of leptin. These results suggest that CNF and SDACNF are promising functional foods for patients with IBD or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Azuma
- 1Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan, Tel./Fax: +81-857-31-5433
| | - Shinsuke Ifuku
- 2Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
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Pruhova S, Dusatkova P, Kraml PJ, Kulich M, Prochazkova Z, Broz J, Zikmund J, Cinek O, Andel M, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Lebl J. Chronic Mild Hyperglycemia in GCK-MODY Patients Does Not Increase Carotid Intima-Media Thickness. Int J Endocrinol 2013; 2013:718254. [PMID: 24101925 PMCID: PMC3786513 DOI: 10.1155/2013/718254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. GCK-MODY is an autosomal dominant form of diabetes caused by heterozygous mutations in the glucokinase gene leading to a lifelong mild hyperglycemia. The risk of macrovascular complications is considered low, but studies are limited. We, therefore, investigated the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) as an indicator of macrovascular complications in a group of patients with GCK-MODY. Methods. Twenty-seven GCK mutation carriers and 24 controls recruited among their first-degree relatives were compared, all aging over 35 years. The CIMT was tested using a high-resolution B-mode carotid ultrasonography. Medical history, anthropometry, and biochemical blood workup were obtained. Results. The mean CIMT was 0.707 ± 0.215 mm (mean ± SD) in GCK mutation carriers and 0.690 ± 0.180 mm in control individuals. When adjusted for age, gender, and family status, the estimated mean difference in CIMT between the two groups increased to 0.049 mm (P = 0.19). No difference was detected for other characteristics, with the exception of fasting blood glucose (GCK-MODY 7.6 mmol/L ± 1.2 (136.4 mg/dL); controls 5.3 mmol/L ± 0.3 (95.4 mg/dL); P < 0.0001) and glycated hemoglobin HbA1c (GCK-MODY 6.9% ± 1.0%, 52 mmol/mol ± 10; controls 5.7% ± 0.4%, 39 mmol/mol ± 3; P < 0.0001). The frequency of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke did not differ between groups. Conclusion. Our data indicate that the persistent hyperglycemia in GCK-MODY is associated with a low risk of developing diabetic macrovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepanka Pruhova
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
- *Stepanka Pruhova:
| | - Petra Dusatkova
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel J. Kraml
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Kralovské Vinohrady, 100 81 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kulich
- Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, 186 75 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdena Prochazkova
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Kralovské Vinohrady, 100 81 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Broz
- Department of Internal Medicine, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Zikmund
- Department of Pediatrics, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Kralovské Vinohrady, 100 81 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Cinek
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Andel
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Kralovské Vinohrady, 100 81 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Hagedorn Research Institute, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200 N Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 2820 Odense, Denmark
| | - Jan Lebl
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
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Associations between blood glucose and carotid intima-media thickness disappear after adjustment for shared risk factors: the KORA F4 study. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52590. [PMID: 23285104 PMCID: PMC3528645 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The association between blood glucose and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is considered to be established knowledge. We aimed to assess whether associations between different measures of glycaemia and CIMT are actually independent of anthropometric variables and metabolic risk factors. Moreover, we checked published studies for the adjustment for shared risk factors of blood glucose and CIMT. Methods Fasting glucose, 2-hour glucose, HbA1c, and CIMT were measured in 31-81-years-old participants of the population-based Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) F4 study in Southern Germany (n = 2,663). CIMT was assessed according to the Rotterdam protocol. Linear and logistic regression models with adjustment for age, sex, anthropometric measures, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia were fitted to assess the association between continuous measures of glycaemia, and categories of glucose regulation, respectively, with CIMT. Results We found a 0.10 mm increase (95%-confidence interval: 0.08–0.12) in CIMT in subjects with compared to subjects without diabetes in crude analysis. This increase was not significant in age-sex adjusted models (p = 0.17). Likewise, neither impaired fasting glucose (p = 0.22) nor impaired glucose tolerance (p = 0.93) were associated with CIMT after adjustment for age, sex, and waist circumference. In multivariable adjusted models, age, sex, hypertension, waist circumference, HDL and LDL cholesterol, but neither fasting glucose nor 2-hour glucose nor HbA1c were associated with elevated CIMT. Literature findings are inconclusive regarding an independent association of glucose levels and CIMT. Conclusion CIMT is highly dependent on traditional cardiovascular risk factors, but no relationships between blood glucose and CIMT were found after adjustment for age, sex, and anthropometric variables.
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Cheng X, Zhou Y, Jin Y, Li G, Wang H, Song E. Intima-medial thickness homogeneity in the common carotid artery: measurement method and preliminary clinical study. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2012; 40:559-565. [PMID: 22965655 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.21987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To propose and test in a preliminary clinical study a novel method for calculating intima-medial thickness (IMT) homogeneity (IMTH). METHODS IMT was measured off-line on every horizontal pixel line along the far wall of the common carotid artery, with previously validated software. IMTH was assessed by the SD, coefficient of variation, and interval distribution of obtained IMT values. This method was applied to 129 individuals (age, 40-60 years), including 49 healthy control subjects, 44 subjects at high risk of atherosclerosis, and 36 subjects with known atherosclerosis. Differences with a p value <0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS SD and coefficient of variation were higher in the high-risk than in the control group, as well as in high-risk and control subgroups with maximal IMT = 0.8 mm or mean IMT = 0.55-0.65 mm. There were 85.7, 62.8, and 36% of IMT values in the 0.4- to 0.6-mm range and 0.89, 13.8, and 21.2% of IMT values in the 0.8- to 1.2-mm range in the control, high-risk, and atherosclerosis groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS IMTH is a promising approach for the assessment of atherosclerosis, in addition to conventional IMT measurement. Further clinical studies are needed to assess its clinical usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Cheng
- Cardiovascular Division, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
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Reijmer YD, van den Berg E, Dekker JM, Nijpels G, Stehouwer CD, Kappelle L, Biessels GJ. The metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis and cognitive functioning in a non-demented population: The Hoorn Study. Atherosclerosis 2011; 219:839-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Anraku M, Michihara A, Yasufuku T, Akasaki K, Tsuchiya D, Nishio H, Maruyama T, Otagiri M, Maezaki Y, Kondo Y, Tomida H. The antioxidative and antilipidemic effects of different molecular weight chitosans in metabolic syndrome model rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 33:1994-8. [PMID: 21139239 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of high and low molecular weight chitosans (HMC; 1000 kDa, LMC; 30 kDa) on oxidative stress and hypercholesterolemia was investigated using male 6-week-old Wistar Kyoto rats as a normal model (Normal-rats) and spontaneously hypertensive rat/ND mcr-cp (SHP/ND) as a metabolic syndrome model (MS-rats), respectively. In Normal-rats, the ingestion of both chitosans over a 4 week period resulted in a significant decrease in total body weight (BW), glucose (Gl), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and serum creatinine (Cre) levels. The ingestion of both chitosans also resulted in a lowered ratio of oxidized to reduced albumin and an increase in total plasma antioxidant activity. In addition to similar results in Normal-rats, the ingestion of only HMC over a 4 week period resulted in a significant decrease in total cholesterol levels in MS-rats. Further, the ingestion of LMC resulted in a significantly higher antioxidant activity than was observed for HMC in both rat models. In in vitro studies, LMC caused a significantly higher reduction in the levels of two stable radicals, compared to HMC, and the effect was both dose- and time-dependent. The findings also show that LDL showed strong binding in the case of HMC. These results suggest that LMC has a high antioxidant activity as well as antilipidemic effects, while HMC results in a significant reduction in the levels of pro-oxidants such as LDL in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby inhibiting the subsequent development of oxidative stress in the systemic circulation in metabolic model rats.
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Ciccone MM, De Pergola G, Porcelli MT, Scicchitano P, Caldarola P, Iacoviello M, Pietro G, Giorgino F, Favale S. Increased carotid IMT in overweight and obese women affected by Hashimoto's thyroiditis: an adiposity and autoimmune linkage? BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2010; 10:22. [PMID: 20509904 PMCID: PMC2885992 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-10-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hashimoto's thyroiditis is the most important cause of hypothyroidism. It is a systemic disease that can even affect the cardiovascular system, by accelerating the atherosclerotic process. Aim of this study was to examine whether autoimmune thyroiditis has an effect on the intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery (IMT-CCT), independently of the thyroid function and well-known cardiovascular risk factors. Hashimoto's thyroiditis is a systemic disease. The aim is to examine whether autoimmune thyroiditis and adiposity can effect carotid IMT independently of thyroid hormones and cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS A total of 104 obese women (BMI > or = 25.0 kg/m-2), with FT3 and FT4 serum levels in the normal range and TSH levels < 4.5 microU/ml, were investigated. None of these patients was taking any kind of drug influencing thyroid function. Measurements were made of the IMT-CCT, BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure levels, as well as fasting TSH, FT3, FT4, anti-thyroid antibodies, insulin, fasting glycemia, triglycerides, total and HDL-cholesterol serum concentrations. RESULTS Of the 104 women, 30 (28.8%) were affected by autoimmune thyroiditis. Significantly higher values of IMT-CCT (p < 0.05), TSH (p < 0.05), and triglycerides (p < 0.05) were obtained, and significantly lower values of FT4 (p < 0.05), in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis as compared to those with a normal thyroid function. When examining the whole group together, at multiple regression analysis Hashimoto's thyroiditis maintained a positive association with the IMT (p < 0.001), independently of age, hypertension, BMI, and the fasting serum levels of TSH, FT3, FT4, insulin, fasting glycemia, triglycerides, total and HDL-cholesterol levels. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that Hashimoto's thyroiditis is associated to an increased IMT only in overweight and obese, independently of the thyroid function, BMI and cardiovascular risk factors. These results suggest that Hashimoto's thyroiditis is a marker of evolution of the atherosclerosis if combined to adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco M Ciccone
- Section of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Disease, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Pietro Scicchitano
- Section of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Iacoviello
- Section of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Guida Pietro
- Section of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Giorgino
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Disease, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Stefano Favale
- Section of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
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Ramilli S, Pretolani S, Muscari A, Pacelli B, Arienti V. Carotid lesions in outpatients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15:4770-4. [PMID: 19824109 PMCID: PMC2761553 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.4770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To ascertain whether carotid lesions are more prevalent in outpatients with incidental findings of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) at abdominal ultrasound (US).
METHODS: One hundred and fifty-four consecutive outpatients (age range 24-90 years, both sexes) referred by general practitioners for abdominal US, and drinking less than 20 g alcohol/day, underwent carotid US for an assessment of carotid intima-media thickness (c-IMT) and carotid plaque prevalence. Hepatic steatosis, visceral fat thickness and subcutaneous fat thickness were also assessed at ultrasonography.
RESULTS: Higher c-IMT values were found in the presence of NAFLD (90 patients), even after adjustment for indices of general and abdominal obesity and for the principal cardiovascular risk factors (0.84 ± 0.10 mm vs 0.71 ± 0.10 mm, P < 0.001). The prevalence of carotid plaques was 57.8% in the patients with NAFLD vs 37.5% in the patients without this condition (P = 0.02). The adjusted relative risk of having carotid plaques for patients with NAFLD was 1.85 (95% CI: 1.33-2.57, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: An incidental finding of hepatic steatosis may suggest the presence of silent carotid atherosclerotic lesions.
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Basu A, Wilkinson M, Penugonda K, Simmons B, Betts NM, Lyons TJ. Freeze-dried strawberry powder improves lipid profile and lipid peroxidation in women with metabolic syndrome: baseline and post intervention effects. Nutr J 2009; 8:43. [PMID: 19785767 PMCID: PMC2761419 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-8-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Strawberry flavonoids are potent antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents that have been shown to reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors in prospective cohort studies. Effects of strawberry supplementation on metabolic risk factors have not been studied in obese populations. We tested the hypothesis that freeze-dried strawberry powder (FSP) will lower fasting lipids and biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation at four weeks compared to baseline. We also tested the tolerability and safety of FSP in subjects with metabolic syndrome. FSP is a concentrated source of polyphenolic flavonoids, fiber and phytosterols. Methods Females (n = 16) with 3 features of metabolic syndrome (waist circumference >35 inches, triglycerides > 150 mg/dL, fasting glucose > 100 mg/dL and < 126 mg/dL, HDL <50 mg/dL, or blood pressure >130/85 mm Hg) were enrolled in the study. Subjects consumed two cups of the strawberry drink daily for four weeks. Each cup had 25 g FSP blended in water. Fasting blood draws, anthropometrics, dietary analyses, and blood pressure measurements were done at baseline and 4 weeks. Biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation were measured using ELISA techniques. Plasma ellagic acid was measured using HPLC-UV techniques. Results Total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels were significantly lower at 4 weeks versus baseline (-5% and -6%, respectively, p < 0.05), as was lipid peroxidation in the form of malondialdehyde and hydroxynonenal (-14%, p < 0.01). Oxidized-LDL showed a decreasing trend at 4 weeks (p = 0.123). No effects were noted on markers of inflammation including C-reactive protein and adiponectin. A significant number of subjects (13/16) showed an increase in plasma ellagic acid at four weeks versus baseline, while no significant differences were noted in dietary intakes at four weeks versus baseline. Thus, short-term supplementation of freeze-dried strawberries appeared to exert hypocholesterolemic effects and decrease lipid peroxidation in women with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Basu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, 301 Human Environmental Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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