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Oyama M, Holzer MT, Ohnuki Y, Saito Y, Nishimori Y, Suzuki S, Shiina T, Leonard-Louis S, Benveniste O, Schneider U, Stenzel W, Nishino I, Suzuki S, Uruha A. Pathologic Features of Anti-Ku Myositis. Neurology 2024; 102:e209268. [PMID: 38547417 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Characteristics of myositis with anti-Ku antibodies are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the pathologic features of myositis associated with anti-Ku antibodies, compared with immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) with anti-signal recognition particle (SRP) and anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) antibodies, in muscle biopsy-oriented registration cohorts in Japan and Germany. METHODS We performed a retrospective pathology review of patients with anti-Ku myositis samples diagnosed in the Japanese and German cohorts. We evaluated histologic features and performed HLA phenotyping. RESULTS Fifty biopsied muscle samples in the Japanese cohort and 10 in the German cohort were obtained. After exclusion of myositis-specific autoantibodies or other autoimmune connective tissue diseases, 26 samples (43%) of anti-Ku antibody-positive myositis were analyzed. All the samples shared some common features with IMNM, whereas they showed expression of MHC class II and clusters of perivascular inflammatory cells more frequently than the anti-SRP/HMGCR IMNM samples (71% vs 7%/16%; p < 0.005/<0.005; 64% vs 0%/0%; p < 0.005/<0.005). Anti-Ku myositis biopsies could be divided into 2 subgroups based on the extent of necrosis and regeneration. The group with more abundant necrosis and regeneration showed a higher frequency of MHC class II expression and perivascular inflammatory cell clusters. HLA phenotyping in the 44 available patients showed possible associations of HLA-DRB1*03:01, HLA-DRB1*11:01, and HLA-DQB1*03:01 (p = 0.0045, 0.019, and 0.027; odds ratio [OR] 50.2, 4.6, and 2.8; 95% CI 2.6-2942.1, 1.1-14.5, and 1.0-7.0) in the group with less conspicuous necrosis and regeneration. On the contrary, in the group of more abundant necrosis and regeneration, the allele frequencies of HLA-A*24:02, HLA-B*52:01, HLA-C*12:02, and HLA-DRB1*15:02 were lower than those of healthy controls (p = 0.0036, 0.027, 0.016, and 0.026; OR = 0.27, 0, 0, and 0; 95% CI 0.1-0.7, 0-0.8, 0-0.8, and 0-0.8). However, these HLA associations did not remain significant after statistical correction for multiple testing. DISCUSSION While anti-Ku myositis shows necrotizing myopathy features, they can be distinguished from anti-SRP/HMGCR IMNM by their MHC class II expression and clusters of perivascular inflammatory cells. The HLA analyses suggest that anti-Ku myositis may have different subsets associated with myopathologic subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munenori Oyama
- From the Department of Neurology (M.O., S. Suzuki), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medicine for Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology (M.-T.H.), Division of Rheumatology and Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, III, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; Department of Medical Ethics (Y.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine; Department of Clinical Genetics (Y.O.), Tokai University Hospital, Kanagawa; Department of Neuromuscular Research (Y.S., Y.N., I.N.), National Institute of Neuroscience, and Department of Genome Medicine Development (Y.S., Y.N., I.N.), Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo; Department of Neurology (Y.N.), Nara Medical University; Department of Molecular Life Science (S. Suzuki, T.S.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Neuropathology (S.L.-L.), Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Department of Neuromyology (S.L.-L.), National Reference Center of Neuromuscular Disorders, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology (O.B.), Inflammatory Myopathies Reference Center, Research Center in Myology UMR974, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Universi, France; Department of Rheumatology (U.S.), and Department of Neuropathology (W.S.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universtät zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Leibniz ScienceCampus Chronic Inflammation (W.S.), Berlin, Germany; and Department of Neurology (A.U.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Japan
| | - Marie-Therese Holzer
- From the Department of Neurology (M.O., S. Suzuki), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medicine for Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology (M.-T.H.), Division of Rheumatology and Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, III, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; Department of Medical Ethics (Y.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine; Department of Clinical Genetics (Y.O.), Tokai University Hospital, Kanagawa; Department of Neuromuscular Research (Y.S., Y.N., I.N.), National Institute of Neuroscience, and Department of Genome Medicine Development (Y.S., Y.N., I.N.), Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo; Department of Neurology (Y.N.), Nara Medical University; Department of Molecular Life Science (S. Suzuki, T.S.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Neuropathology (S.L.-L.), Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Department of Neuromyology (S.L.-L.), National Reference Center of Neuromuscular Disorders, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology (O.B.), Inflammatory Myopathies Reference Center, Research Center in Myology UMR974, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Universi, France; Department of Rheumatology (U.S.), and Department of Neuropathology (W.S.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universtät zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Leibniz ScienceCampus Chronic Inflammation (W.S.), Berlin, Germany; and Department of Neurology (A.U.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Japan
| | - Yuko Ohnuki
- From the Department of Neurology (M.O., S. Suzuki), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medicine for Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology (M.-T.H.), Division of Rheumatology and Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, III, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; Department of Medical Ethics (Y.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine; Department of Clinical Genetics (Y.O.), Tokai University Hospital, Kanagawa; Department of Neuromuscular Research (Y.S., Y.N., I.N.), National Institute of Neuroscience, and Department of Genome Medicine Development (Y.S., Y.N., I.N.), Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo; Department of Neurology (Y.N.), Nara Medical University; Department of Molecular Life Science (S. Suzuki, T.S.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Neuropathology (S.L.-L.), Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Department of Neuromyology (S.L.-L.), National Reference Center of Neuromuscular Disorders, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology (O.B.), Inflammatory Myopathies Reference Center, Research Center in Myology UMR974, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Universi, France; Department of Rheumatology (U.S.), and Department of Neuropathology (W.S.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universtät zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Leibniz ScienceCampus Chronic Inflammation (W.S.), Berlin, Germany; and Department of Neurology (A.U.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Saito
- From the Department of Neurology (M.O., S. Suzuki), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medicine for Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology (M.-T.H.), Division of Rheumatology and Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, III, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; Department of Medical Ethics (Y.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine; Department of Clinical Genetics (Y.O.), Tokai University Hospital, Kanagawa; Department of Neuromuscular Research (Y.S., Y.N., I.N.), National Institute of Neuroscience, and Department of Genome Medicine Development (Y.S., Y.N., I.N.), Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo; Department of Neurology (Y.N.), Nara Medical University; Department of Molecular Life Science (S. Suzuki, T.S.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Neuropathology (S.L.-L.), Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Department of Neuromyology (S.L.-L.), National Reference Center of Neuromuscular Disorders, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology (O.B.), Inflammatory Myopathies Reference Center, Research Center in Myology UMR974, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Universi, France; Department of Rheumatology (U.S.), and Department of Neuropathology (W.S.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universtät zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Leibniz ScienceCampus Chronic Inflammation (W.S.), Berlin, Germany; and Department of Neurology (A.U.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Japan
| | - Yukako Nishimori
- From the Department of Neurology (M.O., S. Suzuki), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medicine for Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology (M.-T.H.), Division of Rheumatology and Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, III, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; Department of Medical Ethics (Y.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine; Department of Clinical Genetics (Y.O.), Tokai University Hospital, Kanagawa; Department of Neuromuscular Research (Y.S., Y.N., I.N.), National Institute of Neuroscience, and Department of Genome Medicine Development (Y.S., Y.N., I.N.), Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo; Department of Neurology (Y.N.), Nara Medical University; Department of Molecular Life Science (S. Suzuki, T.S.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Neuropathology (S.L.-L.), Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Department of Neuromyology (S.L.-L.), National Reference Center of Neuromuscular Disorders, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology (O.B.), Inflammatory Myopathies Reference Center, Research Center in Myology UMR974, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Universi, France; Department of Rheumatology (U.S.), and Department of Neuropathology (W.S.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universtät zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Leibniz ScienceCampus Chronic Inflammation (W.S.), Berlin, Germany; and Department of Neurology (A.U.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Japan
| | - Shingo Suzuki
- From the Department of Neurology (M.O., S. Suzuki), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medicine for Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology (M.-T.H.), Division of Rheumatology and Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, III, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; Department of Medical Ethics (Y.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine; Department of Clinical Genetics (Y.O.), Tokai University Hospital, Kanagawa; Department of Neuromuscular Research (Y.S., Y.N., I.N.), National Institute of Neuroscience, and Department of Genome Medicine Development (Y.S., Y.N., I.N.), Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo; Department of Neurology (Y.N.), Nara Medical University; Department of Molecular Life Science (S. Suzuki, T.S.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Neuropathology (S.L.-L.), Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Department of Neuromyology (S.L.-L.), National Reference Center of Neuromuscular Disorders, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology (O.B.), Inflammatory Myopathies Reference Center, Research Center in Myology UMR974, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Universi, France; Department of Rheumatology (U.S.), and Department of Neuropathology (W.S.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universtät zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Leibniz ScienceCampus Chronic Inflammation (W.S.), Berlin, Germany; and Department of Neurology (A.U.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Japan
| | - Takashi Shiina
- From the Department of Neurology (M.O., S. Suzuki), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medicine for Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology (M.-T.H.), Division of Rheumatology and Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, III, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; Department of Medical Ethics (Y.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine; Department of Clinical Genetics (Y.O.), Tokai University Hospital, Kanagawa; Department of Neuromuscular Research (Y.S., Y.N., I.N.), National Institute of Neuroscience, and Department of Genome Medicine Development (Y.S., Y.N., I.N.), Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo; Department of Neurology (Y.N.), Nara Medical University; Department of Molecular Life Science (S. Suzuki, T.S.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Neuropathology (S.L.-L.), Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Department of Neuromyology (S.L.-L.), National Reference Center of Neuromuscular Disorders, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology (O.B.), Inflammatory Myopathies Reference Center, Research Center in Myology UMR974, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Universi, France; Department of Rheumatology (U.S.), and Department of Neuropathology (W.S.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universtät zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Leibniz ScienceCampus Chronic Inflammation (W.S.), Berlin, Germany; and Department of Neurology (A.U.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Japan
| | - Sarah Leonard-Louis
- From the Department of Neurology (M.O., S. Suzuki), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medicine for Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology (M.-T.H.), Division of Rheumatology and Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, III, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; Department of Medical Ethics (Y.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine; Department of Clinical Genetics (Y.O.), Tokai University Hospital, Kanagawa; Department of Neuromuscular Research (Y.S., Y.N., I.N.), National Institute of Neuroscience, and Department of Genome Medicine Development (Y.S., Y.N., I.N.), Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo; Department of Neurology (Y.N.), Nara Medical University; Department of Molecular Life Science (S. Suzuki, T.S.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Neuropathology (S.L.-L.), Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Department of Neuromyology (S.L.-L.), National Reference Center of Neuromuscular Disorders, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology (O.B.), Inflammatory Myopathies Reference Center, Research Center in Myology UMR974, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Universi, France; Department of Rheumatology (U.S.), and Department of Neuropathology (W.S.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universtät zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Leibniz ScienceCampus Chronic Inflammation (W.S.), Berlin, Germany; and Department of Neurology (A.U.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Japan
| | - Olivier Benveniste
- From the Department of Neurology (M.O., S. Suzuki), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medicine for Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology (M.-T.H.), Division of Rheumatology and Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, III, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; Department of Medical Ethics (Y.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine; Department of Clinical Genetics (Y.O.), Tokai University Hospital, Kanagawa; Department of Neuromuscular Research (Y.S., Y.N., I.N.), National Institute of Neuroscience, and Department of Genome Medicine Development (Y.S., Y.N., I.N.), Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo; Department of Neurology (Y.N.), Nara Medical University; Department of Molecular Life Science (S. Suzuki, T.S.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Neuropathology (S.L.-L.), Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Department of Neuromyology (S.L.-L.), National Reference Center of Neuromuscular Disorders, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology (O.B.), Inflammatory Myopathies Reference Center, Research Center in Myology UMR974, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Universi, France; Department of Rheumatology (U.S.), and Department of Neuropathology (W.S.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universtät zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Leibniz ScienceCampus Chronic Inflammation (W.S.), Berlin, Germany; and Department of Neurology (A.U.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Japan
| | - Udo Schneider
- From the Department of Neurology (M.O., S. Suzuki), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medicine for Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology (M.-T.H.), Division of Rheumatology and Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, III, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; Department of Medical Ethics (Y.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine; Department of Clinical Genetics (Y.O.), Tokai University Hospital, Kanagawa; Department of Neuromuscular Research (Y.S., Y.N., I.N.), National Institute of Neuroscience, and Department of Genome Medicine Development (Y.S., Y.N., I.N.), Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo; Department of Neurology (Y.N.), Nara Medical University; Department of Molecular Life Science (S. Suzuki, T.S.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Neuropathology (S.L.-L.), Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Department of Neuromyology (S.L.-L.), National Reference Center of Neuromuscular Disorders, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology (O.B.), Inflammatory Myopathies Reference Center, Research Center in Myology UMR974, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Universi, France; Department of Rheumatology (U.S.), and Department of Neuropathology (W.S.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universtät zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Leibniz ScienceCampus Chronic Inflammation (W.S.), Berlin, Germany; and Department of Neurology (A.U.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Japan
| | - Werner Stenzel
- From the Department of Neurology (M.O., S. Suzuki), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medicine for Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology (M.-T.H.), Division of Rheumatology and Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, III, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; Department of Medical Ethics (Y.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine; Department of Clinical Genetics (Y.O.), Tokai University Hospital, Kanagawa; Department of Neuromuscular Research (Y.S., Y.N., I.N.), National Institute of Neuroscience, and Department of Genome Medicine Development (Y.S., Y.N., I.N.), Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo; Department of Neurology (Y.N.), Nara Medical University; Department of Molecular Life Science (S. Suzuki, T.S.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Neuropathology (S.L.-L.), Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Department of Neuromyology (S.L.-L.), National Reference Center of Neuromuscular Disorders, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology (O.B.), Inflammatory Myopathies Reference Center, Research Center in Myology UMR974, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Universi, France; Department of Rheumatology (U.S.), and Department of Neuropathology (W.S.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universtät zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Leibniz ScienceCampus Chronic Inflammation (W.S.), Berlin, Germany; and Department of Neurology (A.U.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Japan
| | - Ichizo Nishino
- From the Department of Neurology (M.O., S. Suzuki), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medicine for Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology (M.-T.H.), Division of Rheumatology and Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, III, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; Department of Medical Ethics (Y.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine; Department of Clinical Genetics (Y.O.), Tokai University Hospital, Kanagawa; Department of Neuromuscular Research (Y.S., Y.N., I.N.), National Institute of Neuroscience, and Department of Genome Medicine Development (Y.S., Y.N., I.N.), Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo; Department of Neurology (Y.N.), Nara Medical University; Department of Molecular Life Science (S. Suzuki, T.S.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Neuropathology (S.L.-L.), Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Department of Neuromyology (S.L.-L.), National Reference Center of Neuromuscular Disorders, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology (O.B.), Inflammatory Myopathies Reference Center, Research Center in Myology UMR974, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Universi, France; Department of Rheumatology (U.S.), and Department of Neuropathology (W.S.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universtät zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Leibniz ScienceCampus Chronic Inflammation (W.S.), Berlin, Germany; and Department of Neurology (A.U.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Suzuki
- From the Department of Neurology (M.O., S. Suzuki), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medicine for Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology (M.-T.H.), Division of Rheumatology and Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, III, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; Department of Medical Ethics (Y.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine; Department of Clinical Genetics (Y.O.), Tokai University Hospital, Kanagawa; Department of Neuromuscular Research (Y.S., Y.N., I.N.), National Institute of Neuroscience, and Department of Genome Medicine Development (Y.S., Y.N., I.N.), Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo; Department of Neurology (Y.N.), Nara Medical University; Department of Molecular Life Science (S. Suzuki, T.S.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Neuropathology (S.L.-L.), Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Department of Neuromyology (S.L.-L.), National Reference Center of Neuromuscular Disorders, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology (O.B.), Inflammatory Myopathies Reference Center, Research Center in Myology UMR974, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Universi, France; Department of Rheumatology (U.S.), and Department of Neuropathology (W.S.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universtät zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Leibniz ScienceCampus Chronic Inflammation (W.S.), Berlin, Germany; and Department of Neurology (A.U.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Japan
| | - Akinori Uruha
- From the Department of Neurology (M.O., S. Suzuki), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medicine for Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology (M.-T.H.), Division of Rheumatology and Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, III, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; Department of Medical Ethics (Y.O.), Tokai University School of Medicine; Department of Clinical Genetics (Y.O.), Tokai University Hospital, Kanagawa; Department of Neuromuscular Research (Y.S., Y.N., I.N.), National Institute of Neuroscience, and Department of Genome Medicine Development (Y.S., Y.N., I.N.), Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo; Department of Neurology (Y.N.), Nara Medical University; Department of Molecular Life Science (S. Suzuki, T.S.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Neuropathology (S.L.-L.), Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Department of Neuromyology (S.L.-L.), National Reference Center of Neuromuscular Disorders, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology (O.B.), Inflammatory Myopathies Reference Center, Research Center in Myology UMR974, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Universi, France; Department of Rheumatology (U.S.), and Department of Neuropathology (W.S.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universtät zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Leibniz ScienceCampus Chronic Inflammation (W.S.), Berlin, Germany; and Department of Neurology (A.U.), Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Japan
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