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Hsu CH, Lee CY. Reduction or enhancement? Repetition effects on early brain potentials during visual word recognition are frequency dependent. Front Psychol 2023; 14:994903. [PMID: 37228333 PMCID: PMC10203508 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.994903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Most studies on word repetition have demonstrated that repeated stimuli yield reductions in brain activity. Despite the well-known repetition reduction effect, some literature reports repetition enhancements in electroencephalogram (EEG) activities. However, although studies of object and face recognition have consistently demonstrated both repetition reduction and enhancement effects, the results of repetition enhancement effects were not consistent in studies of visual word recognition. Therefore, the present study aimed to further investigate the repetition effect on the P200, an early event-related potential (ERP) component that indexes the coactivation of lexical candidates during visual word recognition. To achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio, EEG signals were decomposed into various modes by using the Hilbert-Huang transform. Results demonstrated a repetition enhancement effect on P200 activity in alpha-band oscillation and that lexicality and orthographic neighborhood size would influence the magnitude of the repetition enhancement effect on P200. These findings suggest that alpha activity during visual word recognition might reflect the coactivation of orthographically similar words in the early stages of lexical processing. Meantime, there were repetition reduction effects on ERP activities in theta-delta band oscillation, which might index that the lateral inhibition between lexical candidates would be omitted in repetition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hsien Hsu
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Lee
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Research Center for Mind, Brain, and Learning, National Chengchi University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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Chao PC, Chen WF, Zevin J, Lee CY. Neural correlates of phonology-to-orthography mapping consistency effects on Chinese spoken word recognition. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2021; 219:104961. [PMID: 33965686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2021.104961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that reading experience reshapes speech processing. The orthography can be implemented in the brain by restructuring the phonological representations or being co-activated during spoken word recognition. This study utilized event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging and functional connectivity analysis to examine the neural mechanism underlying two types of orthographic effects in the Chinese auditory semantic category task, namely phonology-to-orthography consistency (POC) and homophone density (HD). We found that the POC effects originated from the speech network, suggesting that sublexical orthographic information could change the organization of preexisting phonological representations when learning to read. Meanwhile, the HD effects were localized to the left fusiform and lingual gyrus, suggesting that lexical orthographic knowledge may be activated online during spoken word recognition. These results demonstrated the different natures and neural mechanisms for the POC and HD effects on Chinese spoken word recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chun Chao
- Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fan Chen
- Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jason Zevin
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Chia-Ying Lee
- Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Mind, Brain, and Learning, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan; Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Hsu CH, Wu YN, Lee CY. Effects of Phonological Consistency and Semantic Radical Combinability on N170 and P200 in the Reading of Chinese Phonograms. Front Psychol 2021; 12:603878. [PMID: 34305695 PMCID: PMC8299066 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.603878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have suggested that visually presented words are obligatorily decomposed into constituents that could be mapped to language representations. The present study aims to elucidate how orthographic processing of one constituent affects the other and vice versa during a word recognition task. Chinese orthographic system has characters representing syllables and meanings instead of suffixation roles, and the majority of Chinese characters are phonograms that can be further decomposed into phonetic radical and semantic radical. We propose that semantic radical combinability indexed by semantic radicals and the effect of phonological consistency indexed by phonetic radicals would interact with each other during the reading of Chinese phonograms. Twenty-six right-handed native Chinese speakers were recruited to the study. Participants were presented with phonograms divided into four conditions following their semantic radical combinability (large vs. small) and phonological consistency (high vs. low). EEG signals were recorded throughout the covert naming task. Our results show that there is an interaction effect between phonological consistency and semantic radical combinability on the right hemisphere N170 activity while reading phonograms. Semantic radical combinability influenced the right hemisphere N170 during the process of low-consistency character reading but not high-consistency character reading. On the other hand, the left hemisphere N170 revealed a more significant activity during reading high-consistency characters and was not affected by radical combinability. In addition, while low-consistency characters revealed a larger P200 than high-consistency characters, the semantic radical combinability effect on P200 was only significant when participants were reading high-consistency characters but not low-consistency characters. These results provide new information about how ERPs are involved in word recognition within the context of interaction among orthographic and phonological dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hsien Hsu
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ning Wu
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Lee
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Mind, Brain, and Learning, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lin SK, Lo RC, Lee RG. AUTOMATIC CO-REGISTRATION OF MEG AND 3D DIGITIZATION USING 3D GENERALIZED HOUGH TRANSFORM. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING: APPLICATIONS, BASIS AND COMMUNICATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.4015/s1016237220500192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we propose a new automatic co-registration method for the coordinate systems of magnetoencephalography (MEG) data and third dimension digitizer (3D DIG) data of a head using the 3D generalized Hough transform (GHT) during image processing. The technique is important for the research of brain functionalities; it can be done automatically, and quickly combines data from functional brain mapping tools like MEG and DIG, etc. MEG is a measurement instrument used to noninvasively analyze the physiological activity of neurons with high temporal resolution, but it lacks the head-shape of subjects and head with respect to the MEG sensors. 3D DIG can record head- shape, facial features, and anatomical markers in a 3D coordinate system in real time. Thus, combining the two modalities is beneficial in correlating the obtained brain data with physiological activity. According to much of the research, the GHT is useful for recognizing or locating two 2D images. However, the GHT algorithm can be extended to the 3D GHT to automatically co-register the 3D data. In this study, we use the 3D GHT to co-register three subject datasets with MEG and 3D DIG data, and evaluate the average distance errors between the proposed method and the MEG160 system. Some of the experimental results demonstrate the applicability of the proposed 3D GHT accurately and efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Kai Lin
- Institute of Electronic Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Rong-Chin Lo
- Institute of Electronic Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ren-Guey Lee
- Institute of Electronic Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Wu DH, Bulut T. The contribution of statistical learning to language and literacy acquisition. PSYCHOLOGY OF LEARNING AND MOTIVATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.plm.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tzeng YL, Hsu CH, Huang YC, Lee CY. The Acquisition of Orthographic Knowledge: Evidence from the Lexicality Effects on N400. Front Psychol 2017; 8:433. [PMID: 28424638 PMCID: PMC5371601 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to understand how reading ability shapes the lexicality effects on N400. Fifty-three typical developing children from the second to the sixth grades were asked to perform the pronounceability judgment task on a set of Chinese real characters (RC), pseudocharacters (PC) and non-characters (NC), as ERPs were recorded. The cluster-based permutation analysis revealed that children with low- to medium-reading ability showed greater negativity to NCs than to RCs and PCs in frontal sites from 300 to 450 ms, while children with high ability group showed a greater positivity to NCs than both RCs and PCs at central to posterior sites. Furthermore, the linear mixed model (LMM) analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between lexicality effects on N400 and reading-related behavioral assessments on a set of standardized tests (including character recognition, vocabulary size, phonological awareness, and working memory). The results found that in children with lower reading ability, the N400 elicited by NCs becomes more negative in the frontal sites. For children with higher reading ability, the N400 elicited by NCs became more positive than that elicited by RCs or PCs in the posterior sites. These findings demonstrate the developmental changes in the lexicality effects on N400 as children become more advanced readers and suggested that the lexicality effects on N400 can serve as neural markers for the evaluation of orthographic proficiency in reading development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Tzeng
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsien Hsu
- Brain and Language Laboratory, Institute of Linguistics, Academia SinicaTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Chung Shan Medical University HospitalTaichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Lee
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming UniversityTaipei, Taiwan.,Brain and Language Laboratory, Institute of Linguistics, Academia SinicaTaipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central UniversityTaoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Mind, Brain and Learning, National Chengchi UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
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Chang YN, Welbourne S, Lee CY. Exploring orthographic neighborhood size effects in a computational model of Chinese character naming. Cogn Psychol 2016; 91:1-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chen WF, Chao PC, Chang YN, Hsu CH, Lee CY. Effects of orthographic consistency and homophone density on Chinese spoken word recognition. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2016; 157-158:51-62. [PMID: 27174851 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Studies of alphabetic language have shown that orthographic knowledge influences phonological processing during spoken word recognition. This study utilized the Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) to differentiate two types of phonology-to-orthography (P-to-O) mapping consistencies in Chinese, namely homophone density and orthographic consistency. The ERP data revealed an orthographic consistency effect in the frontal-centrally distributed N400, and a homophone density effect in central-posteriorly distributed late positive component (LPC). Further source analyses using the standardized low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) demonstrated that the orthographic effect was not only localized in the frontal and temporal-parietal regions for phonological processing, but also in the posterior visual cortex for orthographic processing, while the homophone density effect was found in middle temporal gyrus for lexical-semantic selection, and in the temporal-occipital junction for orthographic processing. These results suggest that orthographic information not only shapes the nature of phonological representations, but may also be activated during on-line spoken word recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Fan Chen
- Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Chao
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, 155 Linong Street, Section 2, 11221 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ning Chang
- Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YF, UK
| | - Chun-Hsien Hsu
- Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Lee
- Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, 155 Linong Street, Section 2, 11221 Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center for Mind, Brain and Learning, National Chengchi University, No. 64, Sec. 2, ZhiNan Rd., Wenshan District, 11605 Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli 32001, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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