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Bouallegui Y. Immunity in mussels: An overview of molecular components and mechanisms with a focus on the functional defenses. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 89:158-169. [PMID: 30930277 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bivalves' immunity has received much more attention in the last decade, which resulted to a valuable growth in the availability of its molecular components. Such data availability coupled with the economical importance of these organisms aimed to shift the increase in the number of immunological and stress-related studies. Unfortunately, the crowd of generated data deciphering the involved physiological processes, investigators' differential conceptualization and the aimed objectives, has complicated the sensu stricto outlining of immune-related mechanisms. Overall, this review tried to compiles a summary about the molecular components of the mussels' immune response, surveying an overview of the mussels' functional immunity through gathering the most recent-related topics of bivalves' immunity as apoptosis and autophagy which deserves a great attention as stress-related mechanisms, the disseminated neoplasia as outbreak transmissible disease, not only within the same specie but also among different species, the hematopoiesis as topic that still generating interesting debate in the scientific community, the mucosal immunity described as the interface where host-pathogen interactions would occurs and determinate the late immune response, and innate immune memory and transgenerational priming, which described as very recent research topic with extensive applications in shellfish farming industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Bouallegui
- University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences Bizerte, LR01ES14 Laboratory of Environmental Biomonitoring, Zarzouna, 7021, Bizerte, Tunisia.
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Bouallegui Y, Ben Younes R, Bellamine H, Oueslati R. Histopathology and analyses of inflammation intensity in the gills of mussels exposed to silver nanoparticles: role of nanoparticle size, exposure time, and uptake pathways. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017; 27:582-591. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1337258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Younes Bouallegui
- Research Unit of Immuno-Microbiology Environmental and Cancerogensis, Sciences Faculty of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Carthage, Tunisia
| | - Ridha Ben Younes
- Research Unit of Immuno-Microbiology Environmental and Cancerogensis, Sciences Faculty of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Carthage, Tunisia
| | - Houda Bellamine
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Regional Hospital of Menzel Bourguiba, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Ridha Oueslati
- Research Unit of Immuno-Microbiology Environmental and Cancerogensis, Sciences Faculty of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Carthage, Tunisia
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Abstract
Cytokines are important mediators of host defense and immunity, and were first identified for their role in immunity to infections. It was then found that some of them are pathogenic mediators in inflammatory diseases and much of the emphasis is now on pro-inflammatory cytokines, also in consideration of the fact that TNF inhibitors became effective drugs in chronic inflammatory diseases. The recent studies on the tissue-protective activities of erythropoietin (EPO) led to the term "tissue-protective cytokine." We discuss here how tissue-protective actions might be common to other cytokines, particularly those of the 4-alpha helical structural superfamily.
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Malagoli D, Accorsi A, Sacchi S, Basile V, Mandrioli M, Pinti M, Conklin D, Ottaviani E. Drosophila Helical factor is an inducible protein acting as an immune-regulated cytokine in S2 cells. Cytokine 2012; 58:280-6. [PMID: 22386007 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The innate immunity of Drosophila melanogaster is based on cellular and humoral components. Drosophila Helical factor (Hf), is a molecule previously discovered using an in silico approach and whose expression is controlled by the immune deficiency (Imd) pathway. Here we present evidence demonstrating that Hf is an inducible protein constitutively produced by the S2 hemocyte-derived cell line. Hf expression is stimulated by bacterial extracts that specifically trigger the Imd pathway. In absence of any bacterial challenge, the recombinant form of Hf can influence the expression of the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) defensin but not drosomycin. These data suggest that in vitro Hf is an inducible and immune-regulated factor, with functions comparable to those of secreted vertebrate cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Malagoli
- Department of Biology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Fuller-Espie SL. Vertebrate cytokines interleukin 12 and gamma interferon, but not interleukin 10, enhance phagocytosis in the annelid Eisenia hortensis. J Invertebr Pathol 2010; 104:119-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2010.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Revised: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Weaver CT, Hatton RD. Interplay between the TH17 and TReg cell lineages: a (co-)evolutionary perspective. Nat Rev Immunol 2009; 9:883-9. [PMID: 19935807 DOI: 10.1038/nri2660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The origins of the adaptive immune system and the basis for its unique association with vertebrate species have been a source of considerable speculation. In light of recent advances in our understanding of the developmental and functional links between the induced regulatory T cell and T helper 17 cell lineages, and their specialized relationship to the gut, we speculate that the co-evolution of these adaptive immune pathways might have given primitive vertebrates a means to benefit from the diversification of their commensal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey T Weaver
- Department of Pathology, BBRB 870, University Station, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA.
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Cheng G, Zhao X, Li Z, Liu X, Yan W, Zhang X, Zhong Y, Zheng Z. Identification of a putative invertebrate helical cytokine similar to the ciliary neurotrophic factor/leukemia inhibitory factor family by PSI-BLAST-based approach. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2009; 29:461-8. [PMID: 19514841 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2008.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of our knowledge of helical cytokine-like molecules in invertebrates relies on functional assays and similarities at the physicochemical level. It is hard to predict helical cytokines in invertebrates based on sequences from mammals and vertebrates, because of their long evolutionary divergence. In this article, we collected 12 kinds of fish cytokines and constructed their respective consensus sequences using hidden Markov models; then, the conserved domains region of each consensus sequence were further extracted by the SMART tool, and used as the query sequence for PSI-BLAST analysis in Drosophila melanogaster. After two filtering processes based on the properties of helical cytokines, we obtained one protein named CG14629, which shares 25% identities/46% positives to fish M17 cytokine in the half length of the N-terminus. Considering the homology between M17 and LIF/CNTF (leukemia inhibitory factor/ciliary neurotrophic factor), and the close relationship between Dome, the putative cytokine receptor in Drosophila cells, and LIFR/CNTFR (LIF receptor/CNTF receptor), the results suggest that CG14629 is a good candidate for the helical cytokine ortholog in D. melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong Cheng
- School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Malagoli D, Sacchi S, Ottaviani E. unpaired (upd)-3 expression and other immune-related functions are stimulated by interleukin-8 in Drosophila melanogaster SL2 cell line. Cytokine 2008; 44:269-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2008.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2008] [Revised: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 08/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Roberts S, Gueguen Y, de Lorgeril J, Goetz F. Rapid accumulation of an interleukin 17 homolog transcript in Crassostrea gigas hemocytes following bacterial exposure. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 32:1099-1104. [PMID: 18395796 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2008.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2007] [Revised: 02/16/2008] [Accepted: 02/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) gene models have been found in the sequenced genomes of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and Caenorhabditis elegans. However, there have been no published reports on the empirical cloning and characterization of any interleukin cDNAs in invertebrates. From a Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) hemocyte cDNA library, two clones were obtained that encoded a protein similar to vertebrate IL-17s. The putative oyster IL-17 homolog (CgIL-17) was 27% identical to rainbow trout IL-17D, 21% to human IL-17D and 24% to an IL-17D-like gene model obtained from the annotation of the sea urchin genome. IL-17s from the oyster, sea urchin, trout and human, contained conserved cysteine residues found in all forms of IL-17 in mammals. Injection of bacteria into C. gigas oysters produced a large and rapid elevation in CgIL-17 transcript abundance in hemocytes, suggesting that this is a very early response gene to pathogens that may be responsible for the stimulation of other immune genes in the oyster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Roberts
- School of Aquatic and Fisheries Science, University of Washington-Seattle, Box 355020, 1122 NE Boat Street, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
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Common evolutionary origin of the immune and neuroendocrine systems: from morphological and functional evidence to in silico approaches. Trends Immunol 2007; 28:497-502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2007.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2007] [Revised: 08/03/2007] [Accepted: 08/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kvell K, Cooper EL, Engelmann P, Bovari J, Nemeth P. Blurring borders: innate immunity with adaptive features. Clin Dev Immunol 2007; 2007:83671. [PMID: 18317532 PMCID: PMC2248247 DOI: 10.1155/2007/83671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2007] [Accepted: 11/05/2007] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive immunity has often been considered the penultimate of immune capacities. That system is now being deconstructed to encompass less stringent rules that govern its initiation, actual effector activity, and ambivalent results. Expanding the repertoire of innate immunity found in all invertebrates has greatly facilitated the relaxation of convictions concerning what actually constitutes innate and adaptive immunity. Two animal models, incidentally not on the line of chordate evolution (C. elegans and Drosophila), have contributed enormously to defining homology. The characteristics of specificity and memory and whether the antigen is pathogenic or nonpathogenic reveal considerable information on homology, thus deconstructing the more fundamentalist view. Senescence, cancer, and immunosuppression often associated with mammals that possess both innate and adaptive immunity also exist in invertebrates that only possess innate immunity. Strict definitions become blurred casting skepticism on the utility of creating rigid definitions of what innate and adaptive immunity are without considering overlaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Kvell
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology,
Faculty of Medicine,
University of Pécs,
7624 Pécs,
Hungary
| | - EL. Cooper
- Laboratory of Comparative Neuroimmunology,
Department of Neurobiology,
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA,
University of California,
Los Angeles, CA 90095-1763, USA
| | - P. Engelmann
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology,
Faculty of Medicine,
University of Pécs,
7624 Pécs,
Hungary
| | - J. Bovari
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology,
Faculty of Medicine,
University of Pécs,
7624 Pécs,
Hungary
| | - P. Nemeth
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology,
Faculty of Medicine,
University of Pécs,
7624 Pécs,
Hungary
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