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Li H, Yu Y, Ruan M, Jiao F, Chen H, Gao J, Weng Y, Bao Y. The mechanism for thermal-enhanced chaperone-like activity of α-crystallin against UV irradiation-induced aggregation of γD-crystallin. Biophys J 2022; 121:2233-2250. [PMID: 35619565 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to solar UV irradiation damages γ-crystallin, leading to cataract formation via aggregation. α-Crystallin, as a small heat-shock protein (sHsps), efficiently suppresses this irreversible aggregation by selectively binding the denatured γ-crystallin monomer. In this study, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to evaluate UV-325 nm irradiation-induced photodamage of human γD-crystallin in the presence of bovine α-crystallin, atomic force microscope (AFM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques were used to detect the quaternary structure changes of α-crystallin oligomer, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and temperature-jump (T-jump) nanosecond time-resolved IR absorbance difference spectroscopy were used to probe the secondary structure changes of bovine α-crystallin. We find that the thermal-induced subunit dissociation of α-crystallin oligomer involves the breaking of hydrogen bonds at the dimeric interface, leading to three different spectral components at varied temperature regions as resolved from temperature-dependent IR spectra. Under UV-325 nm irradiation, unfolded γD-crystallin binds to the dissociated α-crystallin subunit to form αγ-complex, then follows the reassociation of αγ-complex to the partially dissociated α-crystallin oligomer. This prevents the aggregation of denatured γD-crystallin. The formation of the γD-bound α-crystallin oligomer is further confirmed by AFM and DLS analysis, which reveals an obvious size expansion in the reassociated αγ-oligomers. In addition, UV-325 nm irradiation causes a peptide bond cleavage of γD-crystallin at Ala158 in presence of α-crystallin. Our results suggest a very effective protection mechanism for subunits dissociated from α-crystallin oligomers against UV irradiation-induced aggregation of γD-crystallin, at an expense of a loss of a short C-terminal peptide in γD-crystallin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Beijing University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China; Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Meixia Ruan
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Jiao
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hailong Chen
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Gao
- College of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Beijing University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China; Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuxiang Weng
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongzhen Bao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
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Li J, Yu J, Xue W, Huang H, Yan L, Sang F, An S, Zhang J, Wang M, Zhang J, Li H, Cui X, He J, Hu Y. The engineered expression of secreted HSPB5-Fc in CHO cells exhibits cytoprotection in vitro. BMC Biotechnol 2021; 21:39. [PMID: 34126963 PMCID: PMC8204567 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-021-00700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HSPB5 is an ATP-independent molecular chaperone that is induced by heat shock or other proteotoxic stresses. HSPB5 is cytoprotective against stress both intracellularly and extracellularly. It acts as a potential therapeutic candidate in ischemia-reperfusion and neurodegenerative diseases. Results In this paper, we constructed a recombinant plasmid that expresses and extracellularly secrets a HSPB5-Fc fusion protein (sHSPB5-Fc) at 0.42 μg/ml in CHO-K1 cells. This sHSPB5-Fc protein contains a Fc-tag at the C-terminal extension of HSPB5, facilitating protein-affinity purification. Our study shows that sHSPB5-Fc inhibits heat-induced aggregation of citrate synthase in a time and dose dependent manner in vitro. Administration of sHSPB5-Fc protects lens epithelial cells against cisplatin- or UVB-induced cell apoptosis. It also decreases GFP-Httex1-Q74 insolubility, and reduces the size and cytotoxicity of GFP-Httex1-Q74 aggregates in PC-12 cells. Conclusion This recombinant sHSPB5-Fc exhibits chaperone activity to protect cells against proteotoxicity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12896-021-00700-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Jin-Ming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, China.,Kaifeng Key Lab for Cataract and Myopia, Institute of Eye Disease, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jingjing Yu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Jin-Ming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Wenxian Xue
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Jin-Ming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Huili Huang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Jin-Ming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Longjun Yan
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Jin-Ming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Fan Sang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Jin-Ming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Shuangshuang An
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Jin-Ming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Jin-Ming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Mingli Wang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Jin-Ming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Jin-Ming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Hui Li
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Jin-Ming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Xiukun Cui
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Jin-Ming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Jiang He
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanzhong Hu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Jin-Ming Road, Kaifeng, 475004, China. .,Kaifeng Key Lab for Cataract and Myopia, Institute of Eye Disease, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, China. .,Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Sprague-Piercy MA, Rocha MA, Kwok AO, Martin RW. α-Crystallins in the Vertebrate Eye Lens: Complex Oligomers and Molecular Chaperones. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2021; 72:143-163. [PMID: 33321054 PMCID: PMC8062273 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-090419-121428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
α-Crystallins are small heat-shock proteins that act as holdase chaperones. In humans, αA-crystallin is expressed only in the eye lens, while αB-crystallin is found in many tissues. α-Crystallins have a central domain flanked by flexible extensions and form dynamic, heterogeneous oligomers. Structural models show that both the C- and N-terminal extensions are important for controlling oligomerization through domain swapping. α-Crystallin prevents aggregation of damaged β- and γ-crystallins by binding to the client protein using a variety of binding modes. α-Crystallin chaperone activity can be compromised by mutation or posttranslational modifications, leading to protein aggregation and cataract. Because of their high solubility and their ability to form large, functional oligomers, α-crystallins are particularly amenable to structure determination by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and solution NMR, as well as cryo-electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Sprague-Piercy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA;
| | - Megan A Rocha
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Ashley O Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Rachel W Martin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA;
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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Rocha MA, Sprague-Piercy MA, Kwok AO, Roskamp KW, Martin RW. Chemical Properties Determine Solubility and Stability in βγ-Crystallins of the Eye Lens. Chembiochem 2021; 22:1329-1346. [PMID: 33569867 PMCID: PMC8052307 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
βγ-Crystallins are the primary structural and refractive proteins found in the vertebrate eye lens. Because crystallins are not replaced after early eye development, their solubility and stability must be maintained for a lifetime, which is even more remarkable given the high protein concentration in the lens. Aggregation of crystallins caused by mutations or post-translational modifications can reduce crystallin protein stability and alter intermolecular interactions. Common post-translational modifications that can cause age-related cataracts include deamidation, oxidation, and tryptophan derivatization. Metal ion binding can also trigger reduced crystallin solubility through a variety of mechanisms. Interprotein interactions are critical to maintaining lens transparency: crystallins can undergo domain swapping, disulfide bonding, and liquid-liquid phase separation, all of which can cause opacity depending on the context. Important experimental techniques for assessing crystallin conformation in the absence of a high-resolution structure include dye-binding assays, circular dichroism, fluorescence, light scattering, and transition metal FRET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A. Rocha
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, CA 92697-2025 (USA)
| | - Marc A. Sprague-Piercy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-2525
| | - Ashley O. Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, CA 92697-2025 (USA)
| | - Kyle W. Roskamp
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, CA 92697-2025 (USA)
| | - Rachel W. Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, CA 92697-2025 (USA)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-2525
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Roskamp KW, Paulson CN, Brubaker WD, Martin RW. Function and Aggregation in Structural Eye Lens Crystallins. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:863-874. [PMID: 32271004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Crystallins are transparent, refractive proteins that contribute to the focusing power of the vertebrate eye lens. These proteins are extremely soluble and resist aggregation for decades, even under crowded conditions. Crystallins have evolved to avoid strong interprotein interactions and have unusual hydration properties. Crystallin aggregation resulting from mutation, damage, or aging can lead to cataract, a disease state characterized by opacity of the lens.Different aggregation mechanisms can occur, following multiple pathways and leading to aggregates with varied morphologies. Studies of variant proteins found in individuals with childhood-onset cataract have provided insight into the molecular factors underlying crystallin stability and solubility. Modulation of exposed hydrophobic surface is critical, as is preventing specific intermolecular interactions that could provide nucleation sites for aggregation. Biophysical measurements and structural biology techniques are beginning to provide a detailed picture of how crystallins crowd into the lens, providing high refractivity while avoiding excessively tight binding that would lead to aggregation.Despite the central biological importance of refractivity, relatively few experimental measurements have been made for lens crystallins. Our work and that of others have shown that hydration is important to the high refractive index of crystallin proteins, as are interactions between pairs of aromatic residues and potentially other specific structural features.This Account describes our efforts to understand both the functional and disease states of vertebrate eye lens crystallins, particularly the γ-crystallins. We use a variety of biophysical techniques, notably NMR spectroscopy, to investigate crystallin stability and solubility. In the first section, we describe efforts to understand the relative stability and aggregation propensity of different γS-crystallin variants. The second section focuses on interactions of these proteins with the holdase chaperone αB-crystallin. The third, fourth, and fifth sections explore different modes of aggregation available to crystallin proteins, and the final section highlights the importance of refractive index and the sometimes conflicting demands of selection for refractivity and solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle W. Roskamp
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Carolyn N. Paulson
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - William D. Brubaker
- SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Rachel W. Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-3900, United States
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