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Maltsev AS, Umarova NN, Pashkova GV, Mukhamedova MM, Shergin DL, Panchuk VV, Kirsanov DO, Demonterova EI. Combination of Total-Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence Method and Chemometric Techniques for Provenance Study of Archaeological Ceramics. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031099. [PMID: 36770765 PMCID: PMC9920330 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The provenance study of archaeological materials is an important step in understanding the cultural and economic life of ancient human communities. One of the most popular approaches in provenance studies is to obtain the chemical composition of material and process it with chemometric methods. In this paper, we describe a combination of the total-reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) method and chemometric techniques (PCA, k-means cluster analysis, and SVM) to study Neolithic ceramic samples from eastern Siberia (Baikal region). A database of ceramic samples was created and included 10 elements/indicators for classification by geographical origin and ornamentation type. This study shows that PCA cannot be used as the primary method for provenance purposes, but can show some patterns in the data. SVM and k-means cluster analysis classified most of the ceramic samples by archaeological site and type with high accuracy. The application of chemometric techniques also showed the similarity of some samples found at sites located close to each other. A database created and processed by SVM or k-means cluster analysis methods can be supplemented with new samples and automatically classified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem S. Maltsev
- Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 128 Lermontov St., 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-950-106-5090
| | - Nailya N. Umarova
- Institute of Petroleum, Chemistry and Nanotechnologies, Kazan National Research Technological University, 68 Karl Marx St., 420015 Kazan, Russia
| | - Galina V. Pashkova
- Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 128 Lermontov St., 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Maria M. Mukhamedova
- Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 128 Lermontov St., 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Dmitriy L. Shergin
- Pedagogical Institute, Irkutsk State University, 1 Karl Marx St., 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Vitaly V. Panchuk
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg University, 7-9 Universitetskaya Embankment, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitry O. Kirsanov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg University, 7-9 Universitetskaya Embankment, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena I. Demonterova
- Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 128 Lermontov St., 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
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