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Zhai Z, Zhu Z, Kong F, Xie D, Cai J, Dai J, Zhong Y, Gan Y, Zheng S, Xu Y, Sun T. Distinguish the Characteristic Mechanism of 3 Drug Pairs of Corydalis Rhizome in Ameliorating Angina Pectoris: Network Pharmacology and Meta-Analysis. Nat Prod Commun 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x231152309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Angina pectoris (AP), affecting over 523 million people, can be alleviated by corydalis rhizome (CR), usually combined with chuanxiong rhizome (CXR), angelica dahuricae radix (ADR), or astragali radix (AR) to enhance the effect. This study aims to distinguish the different mechanisms among 3 drug pairs to treat AP. Methods: The drug pair-disease intersection targets, compound targets, protein–protein interaction (PPI), and herb-compound-target-pathway network were obtained by Cytoscape, STRING, Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses ( http://www.kegg.jp/ or http://www.genome.jp/kegg/ ). Importantly, with principal component analysis (PCA), the key point of KEGG and GO were explored and supported, while by meta-analysis, the different mechanisms of the drug pairs on AP were discovered. Results: JUN, SRC, PIK3CA, and MAPK1 as PPI core network of CR-AP, (CR-CXR)-AP, (CR-ADR)-AP, and (CR-AR)-AP. (highest confidence > 0.9). 10, 45, 35, and 21 key compounds, and 68, 123, 117, and 97 core targets were obtained from CR-AP, (CR-CXR)-AP, (CR-ADR)-AP, and (CR-AR)-AP based on more than 2-fold median value for degree and betweenness centrality, more than the median of closeness centrality. The core pathways of (CR-CXR)-AP and (CR-AR)-AP cover “fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis” and the “pathways in cancer”, while (CR-ADR)-AP was found as the “pathways in cancer” by PCA and KEGG ( P < .01). The core biological processes of (BP) (CR-CXR)-AP, (CR-ADR)-AP, and (CR-AR)-AP were all enriched in the “circulatory system process” by PCA and GO ( P < .01). Moreover, meta-analysis indicated the significant differences ( P < .05) of the 3 drug pairs. Conclusion: CR-CXR, CR-ADR, or CR-AR outperformed CR-AP in AP mitigation. Furthermore, meta-analysis revealed, CR-CXR was superior to alleviating AP by affecting “circulatory system process” and “fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis”, particularly the targets PTGS1, PTGS2, ADRB2, ADRA2C, and NOS, when compared with the drug pair of CR-ADR and the CR-AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Zhai
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhishan Zhu
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanjing Kong
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Danni Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Cai
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyi Dai
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanmei Zhong
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanxiong Gan
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shichao Zheng
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Xu
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Sun
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Ulloa-Aguirre A, Zariñán T, Gutiérrez-Sagal R, Tao YX. Targeting trafficking as a therapeutic avenue for misfolded GPCRs leading to endocrine diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:934685. [PMID: 36093106 PMCID: PMC9452723 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.934685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are plasma membrane proteins associated with an array of functions. Mutations in these receptors lead to a number of genetic diseases, including diseases involving the endocrine system. A particular subset of loss-of-function mutant GPCRs are misfolded receptors unable to traffic to their site of function (i.e. the cell surface plasma membrane). Endocrine disorders in humans caused by GPCR misfolding include, among others, hypo- and hyper-gonadotropic hypogonadism, morbid obesity, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia and neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism, X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, congenital hypothyroidism, and familial glucocorticoid resistance. Several in vitro and in vivo experimental approaches have been employed to restore function of some misfolded GPCRs linked to endocrine disfunction. The most promising approach is by employing pharmacological chaperones or pharmacoperones, which assist abnormally and incompletely folded proteins to refold correctly and adopt a more stable configuration to pass the scrutiny of the cell's quality control system, thereby correcting misrouting. This review covers the most important aspects that regulate folding and traffic of newly synthesized proteins, as well as the experimental approaches targeted to overcome protein misfolding, with special focus on GPCRs involved in endocrine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Ulloa-Aguirre
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), National University of Mexico and Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Alfredo Ulloa-Aguirre,
| | - Teresa Zariñán
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), National University of Mexico and Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rubén Gutiérrez-Sagal
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), National University of Mexico and Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ya-Xiong Tao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, United States
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Ulloa-Aguirre A, Zariñán T, Jardón-Valadez E. Misfolded G Protein-Coupled Receptors and Endocrine Disease. Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212329. [PMID: 34830210 PMCID: PMC8622668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Misfolding of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) caused by mutations frequently leads to disease due to intracellular trapping of the conformationally abnormal receptor. Several endocrine diseases due to inactivating mutations in GPCRs have been described, including X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, thyroid disorders, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, obesity, familial glucocorticoid deficiency [melanocortin-2 receptor, MC2R (also known as adrenocorticotropin receptor, ACTHR), and reproductive disorders. In these mutant receptors, misfolding leads to endoplasmic reticulum retention, increased intracellular degradation, and deficient trafficking of the abnormal receptor to the cell surface plasma membrane, causing inability of the receptor to interact with agonists and trigger intracellular signaling. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms whereby mutations in GPCRs involved in endocrine function in humans lead to misfolding, decreased plasma membrane expression of the receptor protein, and loss-of-function diseases, and also describe several experimental approaches employed to rescue trafficking and function of the misfolded receptors. Special attention is given to misfolded GPCRs that regulate reproductive function, given the key role played by these particular membrane receptors in sexual development and fertility, and recent reports on promising therapeutic interventions targeting trafficking of these defective proteins to rescue completely or partially their normal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Ulloa-Aguirre
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
- Correspondence:
| | - Teresa Zariñán
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Eduardo Jardón-Valadez
- Departamento de Recursos de la Tierra, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Lerma, Lerma de Villada 52005, Estado de México, Mexico;
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Wang L, Guo W, Fang C, Feng W, Huang Y, Zhang X, Liu M, Cui J. Functional characterization of a loss-of-function mutant I324M of arginine vasopressin receptor 2 in X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11057. [PMID: 34040143 PMCID: PMC8154955 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90736-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (X-linked NDI) is a rare inherited disease mainly caused by lost-of-function mutations in human AVPR2 gene encoding arginine vasopressin receptor 2 (V2R). Our focus of the current study is on exploration of the functional and biochemical properties of Ile324Met (I324M) mutation identified in a pedigree showing as typical recessive X-linked NDI. We demonstrated that I324M mutation interfered with the conformation of complex glycosylation of V2R. Moreover, almost all of the I324M-V2R failed to express on the cell surface due to being captured by the endoplasmic reticulum control system. We further examined the signaling activity of DDAVP-medicated cAMP and ERK1/2 pathways and the results revealed that the mutant receptor lost the ability in response to DDAVP stimulation contributed to the failure of accumulation of cAMP and phosphorylated ERK1/2. Based on the characteristics of molecular defects of I324M mutant, we selected two reagents (SR49059 and alvespimycin) to determine whether the functions of I324M-V2R can be restored and we found that both compounds can significantly “rescue” I324M mutation. Our findings may provide further insights for understanding the pathogenic mechanism of AVPR2 gene mutations and may offer some implications on development of promising treatments for patients with X-linked NDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Weihong Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Chunyun Fang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Wenli Feng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yumeng Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Jingqiu Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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Zariñán T, Mayorga J, Jardón-Valadez E, Gutiérrez-Sagal R, Maravillas-Montero JL, Mejía-Domínguez NR, Martínez-Luis I, Yacini-Torres OG, Cravioto MDC, Reiter E, Ulloa-Aguirre A. A Novel Mutation in the FSH Receptor (I423T) Affecting Receptor Activation and Leading to Primary Ovarian Failure. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e534-e550. [PMID: 33119067 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) plays an essential role in gonadal function. Loss-of-function mutations in the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) are an infrequent cause of primary ovarian failure. OBJECTIVE To analyze the molecular physiopathogenesis of a novel mutation in the FSHR identified in a woman with primary ovarian failure, employing in vitro and in silico approaches, and to compare the features of this dysfunctional receptor with those shown by the trafficking-defective D408Y FSHR mutant. METHODS Sanger sequencing of the FSHR cDNA was applied to identify the novel mutation. FSH-stimulated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and desensitization were tested in HEK293 cells. Receptor expression was analyzed by immunoblotting, receptor-binding assays, and flow cytometry. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to determine the in silico behavior of the mutant FSHRs. RESULTS A novel missense mutation (I423T) in the second transmembrane domain of the FSHR was identified in a woman with normal pubertal development but primary amenorrhea. The I423T mutation slightly impaired plasma membrane expression of the mature form of the receptor and severely impacted on cAMP/protein kinase A signaling but much less on β-arrestin-dependent ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Meanwhile, the D408Y mutation severely affected membrane expression, with most of the FSH receptor located intracellularly, and both signal readouts tested. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed important functional disruptions in both mutant FSHRs, mainly the loss of interhelical connectivity in the D408Y FSHR. CONCLUSIONS Concurrently, these data indicate that conformational differences during the inactive and active states account for the distinct expression levels, differential signaling, and phenotypic expression of the I423T and D408Y mutant FSHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Zariñán
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, National University of Mexico-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julio Mayorga
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Jardón-Valadez
- Departamento de Recursos de la Tierra, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Lerma, Lerma, Edo. de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Rubén Gutiérrez-Sagal
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, National University of Mexico-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Luis Maravillas-Montero
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, National University of Mexico-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nancy R Mejía-Domínguez
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, National University of Mexico-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Iván Martínez-Luis
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, National University of Mexico-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Omar G Yacini-Torres
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, National University of Mexico-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ma-Del-Carmen Cravioto
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eric Reiter
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Alfredo Ulloa-Aguirre
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, National University of Mexico-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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6
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Chen X, Xu Y, Qu L, Wu L, Han GW, Guo Y, Wu Y, Zhou Q, Sun Q, Chu C, Yang J, Yang L, Wang Q, Yuan S, Wang L, Hu T, Tao H, Sun Y, Song Y, Hu L, Liu ZJ, Stevens RC, Zhao S, Wu D, Zhong G. Molecular Mechanism for Ligand Recognition and Subtype Selectivity of α 2C Adrenergic Receptor. Cell Rep 2020; 29:2936-2943.e4. [PMID: 31801061 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenergic G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate different cellular signaling pathways in the presence of endogenous catecholamines and play important roles in both physiological and pathological conditions. Extensive studies have been carried out to investigate the structure and function of β adrenergic receptors (βARs). However, the structure of α adrenergic receptors (αARs) remains to be determined. Here, we report the structure of the human α2C adrenergic receptor (α2CAR) with the non-selective antagonist, RS79948, at 2.8 Å. Our structure, mutations, modeling, and functional experiments indicate that a α2CAR-specific D206ECL2-R409ECL3-Y4056.58 network plays a role in determining α2 adrenergic subtype selectivity. Furthermore, our results show that a specific loosened helix at the top of TM4 in α2CAR is involved in receptor activation. Together, our structure of human α2CAR-RS79948 provides key insight into the mechanism underlying the α2 adrenergic receptor activation and subtype selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Chen
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yueming Xu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Lu Qu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lijie Wu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Gye Won Han
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Yu Guo
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yiran Wu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qingtong Zhou
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Cenfeng Chu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Yang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liu Yang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Quan Wang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuguang Yuan
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; Laboratory of Biomodelling, Faculty of Chemistry & Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ling Wang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Tao Hu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Houchao Tao
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yaping Sun
- Amgen Asia R&D Center, Amgen Biopharmaceutical R&D (Shanghai), Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yunpeng Song
- Amgen Asia R&D Center, Amgen Biopharmaceutical R&D (Shanghai), Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Liaoyuan Hu
- Amgen Asia R&D Center, Amgen Biopharmaceutical R&D (Shanghai), Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Liu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Raymond C Stevens
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Suwen Zhao
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Dong Wu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Guisheng Zhong
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
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Tao YX. Molecular chaperones and G protein-coupled receptor maturation and pharmacology. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 511:110862. [PMID: 32389798 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are highly conserved versatile signaling molecules located at the plasma membrane that respond to diverse extracellular signals. They regulate almost all physiological processes in the vertebrates. About 35% of current drugs target these receptors. Mutations in these genes have been identified as causes of numerous diseases. The seven transmembrane domain structure of GPCRs implies that the folding of these transmembrane proteins is extremely complicated and difficult. Indeed, many wild type GPCRs are not folded optimally. The most common defect in genetic diseases caused by GPCR mutations is misfolding and failure to reach the plasma membrane where it functions. General molecular chaperones aid the folding of all proteins, including GPCRs, by preventing aggregation, promoting folding and disaggregating small aggregates. Some GPCRs need additional receptor-specific chaperones to assist their folding. Many of these receptor-specific chaperones interact with additional receptors and alter receptor pharmacology, expanding the understanding of these chaperone proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xiong Tao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849-5519, USA.
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Ishida H, Saito SY, Ishikawa T. α1A-Adrenoceptors, but not α1B- or α1D-adrenoceptors, contribute to enhanced contractile response to phenylephrine in cooling conditions in the rat tail artery. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 838:120-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Ishida H, Saito SY, Hishinuma E, Kitayama T, Ishikawa T. Differential contribution of calcium channels to α 1-adrenoceptor-mediated contraction is responsible for diverse responses to cooling between rat tail and iliac arteries. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 826:9-16. [PMID: 29458039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that α1-adrenoceptors, in addition to α2-adrenoceptors, are involved in enhanced contraction of cutaneous blood vessels during cooling. The present study aimed to elucidate the mechanism underlying it. In tail and iliac arteries isolated from rats, isometric contraction was measured using a myograph and the phosphorylation level of myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (MYPT1) was quantified by western blotting. The phenylephrine-induced contraction was enhanced by cooling to 24 °C in tail arteries, but was suppressed in iliac arteries. Endothelium denudation or treatment with iberiotoxin enhanced the phenylephrine-induced contraction in tail arteries at 37 °C; however, neither affected the contraction at 24 °C. The phenylephrine-induced contraction at 37 °C was largely suppressed by nifedipine in iliac arteries, but only slightly in tail arteries. The Rho kinase inhibitor H-1152 largely suppressed the phenylephrine-induced contraction at 24 °C, but only slightly at 37 °C, in both arteries. The phosphorylation level of MYPT1 at Thr855 in tail arteries was increased by the cooling. Taken together, these results suggest the following mechanism in regard to cooling-induced enhancement of α1-adrenoceptor-mediated contraction in tail arteries: Cooling enhances the contraction of tail arteries via α1-adrenoceptor stimulation by reducing endothelium-dependent, large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel-mediated relaxation and by inducing Rho kinase-mediated Ca2+ sensitization, although the latter occurs even in iliac arteries. A smaller contribution of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, which are largely suppressed by cooling, to α1-adrenoceptor-mediated contraction in tail arteries seems to be more crucially involved in the appearance of the enhanced contractile response to cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotake Ishida
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Shin-Ya Saito
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Eita Hishinuma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kitayama
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Ishikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Asjad HMM, Nasrollahi-Shirazi S, Sucic S, Freissmuth M, Nanoff C. Relax, Cool Down and Scaffold: How to Restore Surface Expression of Folding-Deficient Mutant GPCRs and SLC6 Transporters. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112416. [PMID: 29135937 PMCID: PMC5713384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Many diseases arise from mutations, which impair protein folding. The study of folding-deficient variants of G protein-coupled receptors and solute carrier 6 (SLC6) transporters has shed light on the folding trajectory, how it is monitored and how misfolding can be remedied. Reducing the temperature lowers the energy barrier between folding intermediates and thereby eliminates stalling along the folding trajectory. For obvious reasons, cooling down is not a therapeutic option. One approach to rescue misfolded variants is to use membrane-permeable orthosteric ligands. Antagonists of GPCRs are—in many instances—effective pharmacochaperones: they restore cell surface expression provided that they enter cells and bind to folding intermediates. Pharmacochaperoning of SLC6 transporters is less readily achieved because the ionic conditions in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are not conducive to binding of typical inhibitors. The second approach is to target the heat-shock protein (HSP) relay, which monitors the folding trajectory on the cytosolic side. Importantly, orthosteric ligands and HSP-inhibitors are not mutually exclusive. In fact, pharmacochaperones and HSP-inhibitors can act in an additive or synergistic manner. This was exemplified by rescuing disease-causing, folding-deficient variants of the human dopamine transporters with the HSP70 inhibitor pifithrin-μ and the pharmacochaperone noribogaine in Drosophila melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Mazhar Asjad
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Shahrooz Nasrollahi-Shirazi
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sonja Sucic
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Michael Freissmuth
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christian Nanoff
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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11
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Hyponatremia and V2 vasopressin receptor upregulation: a result of HSP90 inhibition. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2017; 80:673-684. [PMID: 28779264 PMCID: PMC5608778 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-017-3390-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Purpose
Small-molecule inhibitors of heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90) have been under development as chemotherapeutic agents. The adverse events reported from early clinical trials included hyponatremia. Given the limited number of patients enrolled, the number of hyponatremia incidents was remarkable and repeatedly, the event was judged as severe. Inappropriate V2 vasopressin receptor stimulation is an established cause of hyponatremia. We explored the hypothesis that HSP90 inhibition produces hypersensitivity to vasopressin by upregulating V2-receptors. Methods Experiments were carried out in cell culture using HEK293 cells with heterologous expression of the human V2-receptor and HELA cells with an endogenous V2-receptor complement. We tested the effect of HSP90 inhibition by three structurally unrelated compounds (alvespimycin, luminespib, radicicol) and asserted its specificity in cells depleted of cytosolic HSP90 (by RNA interference). Assays encompassed surface V2-receptor density and vasopressin-stimulated formation of cyclic AMP (cAMP). Results The results demonstrate a twofold increase in cell-surface receptor density following pre-incubation with each of the HSP90 inhibitors. The effect had a concentration-dependence consistent with the individual potencies to inhibit HSP90. Similarly, depletion of cytosolic HSP90 increased surface-receptor density and at the same time, reduced the inhibitor effect. Upregulated V2-receptors were fully functional; hence, in culture treated with an HSP90 inhibitor, addition of vasopressin resulted in higher levels of cAMP than in controls. Conclusion Since formation of cAMP is the first signalling step in raising water permeability of the collecting duct epithelia, we suggest that V2-receptor upregulation generates hypersensitivity to vasopressin linking HSP90 inhibition to the development of hyponatremia.
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Strenzke N, Chakrabarti R, Al-Moyed H, Müller A, Hoch G, Pangrsic T, Yamanbaeva G, Lenz C, Pan KT, Auge E, Geiss-Friedlander R, Urlaub H, Brose N, Wichmann C, Reisinger E. Hair cell synaptic dysfunction, auditory fatigue and thermal sensitivity in otoferlin Ile515Thr mutants. EMBO J 2016; 35:2519-2535. [PMID: 27729456 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201694564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The multi-C2 domain protein otoferlin is required for hearing and mutated in human deafness. Some OTOF mutations cause a mild elevation of auditory thresholds but strong impairment of speech perception. At elevated body temperature, hearing is lost. Mice homozygous for one of these mutations, OtofI515T/I515T, exhibit a moderate hearing impairment involving enhanced adaptation to continuous or repetitive sound stimulation. In OtofI515T/I515T inner hair cells (IHCs), otoferlin levels are diminished by 65%, and synaptic vesicles are enlarged. Exocytosis during prolonged stimulation is strongly reduced. This indicates that otoferlin is critical for the reformation of properly sized and fusion-competent synaptic vesicles. Moreover, we found sustained exocytosis and sound encoding to scale with the amount of otoferlin at the plasma membrane. We identified a 20 amino acid motif including an RXR motif, presumably present in human but not in mouse otoferlin, which reduces the plasma membrane abundance of Ile515Thr-otoferlin. Together, this likely explains the auditory synaptopathy at normal temperature and the temperature-sensitive deafness in humans carrying the Ile515Thr mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Strenzke
- Auditory Systems Physiology Group, Department for Otolaryngology and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany .,Collaborative Research Center 889 "Cellular Mechanisms of Sensory Processing", Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rituparna Chakrabarti
- Collaborative Research Center 889 "Cellular Mechanisms of Sensory Processing", Göttingen, Germany.,Molecular Architecture of Synapses Group, Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen and Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Göttingen Graduate School for Neurosciences, Biophysics, and Molecular Biosciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hanan Al-Moyed
- Göttingen Graduate School for Neurosciences, Biophysics, and Molecular Biosciences, Göttingen, Germany.,Molecular Biology of Cochlear Neurotransmission Group, Department for Otolaryngology and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Müller
- Collaborative Research Center 889 "Cellular Mechanisms of Sensory Processing", Göttingen, Germany.,Göttingen Graduate School for Neurosciences, Biophysics, and Molecular Biosciences, Göttingen, Germany.,Molecular Biology of Cochlear Neurotransmission Group, Department for Otolaryngology and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Hoch
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen and German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tina Pangrsic
- Collaborative Research Center 889 "Cellular Mechanisms of Sensory Processing", Göttingen, Germany.,Synaptic Physiology of Mammalian Vestibular Hair Cells Group, Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen and Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gulnara Yamanbaeva
- Auditory Systems Physiology Group, Department for Otolaryngology and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Collaborative Research Center 889 "Cellular Mechanisms of Sensory Processing", Göttingen, Germany.,Göttingen Graduate School for Neurosciences, Biophysics, and Molecular Biosciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christof Lenz
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Bioanalytics, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kuan-Ting Pan
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Auge
- Auditory Systems Physiology Group, Department for Otolaryngology and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ruth Geiss-Friedlander
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Collaborative Research Center 889 "Cellular Mechanisms of Sensory Processing", Göttingen, Germany.,Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Bioanalytics, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nils Brose
- Collaborative Research Center 889 "Cellular Mechanisms of Sensory Processing", Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carolin Wichmann
- Collaborative Research Center 889 "Cellular Mechanisms of Sensory Processing", Göttingen, Germany .,Molecular Architecture of Synapses Group, Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen and Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ellen Reisinger
- Collaborative Research Center 889 "Cellular Mechanisms of Sensory Processing", Göttingen, Germany .,Molecular Biology of Cochlear Neurotransmission Group, Department for Otolaryngology and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
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Génier S, Degrandmaison J, Moreau P, Labrecque P, Hébert TE, Parent JL. Regulation of GPCR expression through an interaction with CCT7, a subunit of the CCT/TRiC complex. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:3800-3812. [PMID: 27708139 PMCID: PMC5170604 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-04-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A direct and functional interaction between a subunit of the CCT/TCP-1 ring complex (TRiC) chaperonin complex and G protein–coupled receptor (GPCRs) is shown. Evidence is provided that distinct nascent GPCRs can undergo alternative folding pathways and that CCT/TRiC is critical in preventing aggregation of some GPCRs and in promoting their proper maturation and expression. Mechanisms that prevent aggregation and promote folding of nascent G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) remain poorly understood. We identified chaperonin containing TCP-1 subunit eta (CCT7) as an interacting partner of the β-isoform of thromboxane A2 receptor (TPβ) by yeast two-hybrid screening. CCT7 coimmunoprecipitated with overexpressed TPβ and β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) in HEK 293 cells, but also with endogenous β2AR. CCT7 depletion by small interfering RNA reduced total and cell-surface expression of both receptors and caused redistribution of the receptors to juxtanuclear aggresomes, significantly more so for TPβ than β2AR. Interestingly, Hsp90 coimmunoprecipitated with β2AR but virtually not with TPβ, indicating that nascent GPCRs can adopt alternative folding pathways. In vitro pull-down assays showed that both receptors can interact directly with CCT7 through their third intracellular loops and C-termini. We demonstrate that Trp334 in the TPβ C-terminus is critical for the CCT7 interaction and plays an important role in TPβ maturation and cell-surface expression. Of note, introducing a tryptophan in the corresponding position of the TPα isoform confers the CCT7-binding and maturation properties of TPβ. We show that an interaction with a subunit of the CCT/TCP-1 ring complex (TRiC) chaperonin complex is involved in regulating aggregation of nascent GPCRs and in promoting their proper maturation and expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Génier
- Service de Rhumatologie, Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CR-CHUS), and Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jade Degrandmaison
- Service de Rhumatologie, Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CR-CHUS), and Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Pierrick Moreau
- Service de Rhumatologie, Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CR-CHUS), and Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Pascale Labrecque
- Service de Rhumatologie, Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CR-CHUS), and Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Terence E Hébert
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Jean-Luc Parent
- Service de Rhumatologie, Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CR-CHUS), and Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
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Filipeanu CM, Pullikuth AK, Guidry JJ. Molecular determinants of the human α2C-adrenergic receptor temperature-sensitive intracellular traffic. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 87:792-802. [PMID: 25680754 PMCID: PMC4407737 DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.096198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The human α2C-adrenergic receptor (α2C-AR) is localized intracellularly at physiologic temperature. Decreasing the environmental temperature strongly stimulates the receptor transport to the cell surface. In contrast, rat and mouse α2C-AR plasma membrane levels are less sensitive to decrease in temperature, whereas the opossum α2C-AR cell surface levels are not changed in these conditions. Structural analysis demonstrated that human α2C-AR has a high number of arginine residues in the third intracellular loop and in the C-terminus, organized as putative RXR motifs. Although these motifs do not affect the receptor subcellular localization at 37°C, deletion of the arginine clusters significantly enhanced receptor plasma membrane levels at reduced temperature. We found that this exaggerated transport of the human receptor is mediated by two functional arginine clusters, one in the third intracellular loop and one in the C-terminus. This effect is mediated by interactions with COPI vesicles, but not by 14-3-3 proteins. In rat α2C-AR, the arginine cluster from the third intracellular loop is shifted to the left due to three missing residues. Reinsertion of these residues in the rat α2C-AR restored the same temperature sensitivity as in the human receptor. Proteomic and coimmunoprecipitation experiments identified pontin as a molecule having stronger interactions with human α2C-AR compared with rat α2C-AR. Inhibition of pontin activity enhanced human receptor plasma membrane levels and signaling at 37°C. Our results demonstrate that human α2C-AR has a unique temperature-sensitive traffic pattern within the G protein-coupled receptor class due to interactions with different molecular chaperones, mediated in part by strict spatial localization of specific arginine residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalin M Filipeanu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC (C.M.F.); Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana (A.K.P., J.J.G.); Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina (A.K.P.); and Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Proteomics Core Facility, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.J.G.)
| | - Ashok K Pullikuth
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC (C.M.F.); Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana (A.K.P., J.J.G.); Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina (A.K.P.); and Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Proteomics Core Facility, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.J.G.)
| | - Jessie J Guidry
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC (C.M.F.); Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana (A.K.P., J.J.G.); Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina (A.K.P.); and Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Proteomics Core Facility, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.J.G.)
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15
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Tao YX, Conn PM. Chaperoning G protein-coupled receptors: from cell biology to therapeutics. Endocr Rev 2014; 35:602-47. [PMID: 24661201 PMCID: PMC4105357 DOI: 10.1210/er.2013-1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are membrane proteins that traverse the plasma membrane seven times (hence, are also called 7TM receptors). The polytopic structure of GPCRs makes the folding of GPCRs difficult and complex. Indeed, many wild-type GPCRs are not folded optimally, and defects in folding are the most common cause of genetic diseases due to GPCR mutations. Both general and receptor-specific molecular chaperones aid the folding of GPCRs. Chemical chaperones have been shown to be able to correct the misfolding in mutant GPCRs, proving to be important tools for studying the structure-function relationship of GPCRs. However, their potential therapeutic value is very limited. Pharmacological chaperones (pharmacoperones) are potentially important novel therapeutics for treating genetic diseases caused by mutations in GPCR genes that resulted in misfolded mutant proteins. Pharmacoperones also increase cell surface expression of wild-type GPCRs; therefore, they could be used to treat diseases that do not harbor mutations in GPCRs. Recent studies have shown that indeed pharmacoperones work in both experimental animals and patients. High-throughput assays have been developed to identify new pharmacoperones that could be used as therapeutics for a number of endocrine and other genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xiong Tao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology (Y.-X.T.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5519; and Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology (P.M.C.), Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430-6252
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Binda C, Génier S, Cartier A, Larrivée JF, Stankova J, Young JC, Parent JL. A G protein-coupled receptor and the intracellular synthase of its agonist functionally cooperate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 204:377-93. [PMID: 24493589 PMCID: PMC3912537 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201304015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The GPCR DP1 promotes the activity of L-PGDS, the enzyme that produces the DP1 agonist PGD2, while at the same time L-PGDS promotes the export and activity of DP1 in response to PGD2. Export of newly synthesized G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) remains poorly characterized. We show in this paper that lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) synthase (L-PGDS) interacts intracellularly with the GPCR DP1 in an agonist-independent manner. L-PGDS promotes cell surface expression of DP1, but not of other GPCRs, in HEK293 and HeLa cells, independent of L-PGDS enzyme activity. In addition, formation of a DP1–Hsp90 complex necessary for DP1 export to the cell surface is dependent on the interaction between L-PGDS and the C-terminal MEEVD residues of Hsp90. Surprisingly, PGD2 synthesis by L-PGDS is promoted by coexpression of DP1, suggesting a possible intracrine/autocrine signaling mechanism. In this regard, L-PGDS increases the formation of a DP1–ERK1/2 complex and increases DP1-mediated ERK1/2 signaling. Our findings define a novel cooperative mechanism in which a GPCR (DP1) promotes the activity of the enzyme (L-PGDS) that produces its agonist (PGD2) and in which this enzyme in turn acts as a cofactor (of Hsp90) to promote export and agonist-dependent activity of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Binda
- Service de Rhumatologie, Département de Médecine, 2 Programme d'Immunologie, Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, and 3 Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4
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Common α2A and α2C adrenergic receptor polymorphisms do not affect plasma membrane trafficking. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2014; 387:569-579. [PMID: 24643471 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-0972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Various naturally occurring polymorphic forms of human G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been identified and linked to diverse pathological diseases, including receptors for vasopressin type 2 (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus) and gonadotropin releasing hormone (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism). In most cases, polymorphic amino acid mutations disrupt protein folding, altering receptor function as well as plasma membrane expression. Other pathological GPCR variants have been found that do not alter receptor function, but instead affect only plasma membrane trafficking (e.g., delta opiate and histamine type 1 receptors). Thus, altered membrane trafficking with retained receptor function may be another mechanism causing polymorphic GPCR dysfunction. Two common human α2A and α2C adrenergic receptor (AR) variants have been identified (α2A N251K and α2C Δ322-325 ARs), but pharmacological analysis of ligand binding and second messenger signaling has not consistently demonstrated altered receptor function. However, possible alterations in plasma membrane trafficking have not been investigated. We utilized a systematic approach previously developed for the study of GPCR trafficking motifs and accessory proteins to assess whether these α2 AR variants affected intracellular trafficking or plasma membrane expression. By combining immunofluorescent microscopy, glycosidic processing analysis, and quantitative fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS), we demonstrate that neither variant receptor had altered intracellular localization, glycosylation, nor plasma membrane expression compared to wild-type α2 ARs. Therefore, pathopharmacological properties of α2A N251K and α2C Δ322-325 ARs do not appear to be due to altered receptor pharmacology or plasma membrane trafficking, but may involve interactions with other intracellular signaling cascades or proteins.
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Spradley FT, White JJ, Paulson WD, Pollock DM, Pollock JS. Differential regulation of nitric oxide synthase function in aorta and tail artery from 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Physiol Rep 2013; 1:e00145. [PMID: 24400147 PMCID: PMC3871460 DOI: 10.1002/phy2.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic renal failure (CRF) is associated with hypertension and concomitant endothelial dysfunction, enhanced vasoconstriction, and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) dysfunction. Vascular function in patients is assessed in peripheral extremity arteries like the finger arteries, whereas animal studies often use the centrally located aorta. Therefore, we examined whether peripheral tail artery and aortic NOS function are differentially regulated by blood pressure in rats with CRF. Using wire myography, arterial function was assessed in 16-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats that were subjected to 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx; arterial ligation model) 8 weeks earlier or non-Nx (control) rats. In aortas from Nx rats, endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation response to acetylcholine (ACh) was blunted and there was enhancement of phenylephrine (PE)-mediated vasoconstriction. Inversely, tail arteries from Nx rats had no change in endothelial function and reduced response to PE. Studies where arterial segments were incubated with the nonspecific NOS inhibitor, L-NAME, showed that Nx reduced NOS function in the aorta but increased NOS function in tail artery for both ACh and PE responses. Furthermore, the observed alterations in NOS function in both aorta and tail artery were abolished when mean arterial blood pressure, as assessed by telemetry, was maintained at normal levels in the 5/6 Nx rats using triple therapy: hydralazine (30 mg/kg per day), hydrochlorothiazide (10 mg/kg per day), and reserpine (0.5 mg/kg per day). In conclusion, differential changes of NOS function in central versus peripheral arteries in CRF are dependent upon hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank T Spradley
- Section of Experimental Medicine, Georgia Regents University Augusta, Georgia ; Department of Medicine, Georgia Regents University Augusta, Georgia
| | - John J White
- Department of Medicine, Georgia Regents University Augusta, Georgia ; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Georgia Regents University Augusta, Georgia
| | - William D Paulson
- Department of Medicine, Georgia Regents University Augusta, Georgia ; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Georgia Regents University Augusta, Georgia
| | - David M Pollock
- Section of Experimental Medicine, Georgia Regents University Augusta, Georgia ; Department of Medicine, Georgia Regents University Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jennifer S Pollock
- Section of Experimental Medicine, Georgia Regents University Augusta, Georgia ; Department of Medicine, Georgia Regents University Augusta, Georgia
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The C-terminal half of the α2C-adrenoceptor determines the receptor's membrane expression level and drug selectivity. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2013; 386:1031-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-013-0902-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lim WK, Kanelakis KC, Neubig RR. Regulation of G protein signaling by the 70kDa heat shock protein. Cell Signal 2012; 25:389-96. [PMID: 23153586 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) transduce extracellular signals to the interior of the cell by activating membrane-bound guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins (G proteins). An increasing number of proteins have been reported to bind to and regulate GPCRs. We report a novel regulation of the alpha(2A) adrenergic receptor (α(2A)-R) by the ubiquitous stress-inducible 70kDa heat shock protein, hsp70. Hsp70, but not hsp90, attenuated G protein-dependent high affinity agonist binding to the α(2A)-R in Sf9 membranes. Antagonist binding was unchanged, suggesting that hsp70 uncouples G proteins from the receptor. As hsp70 did not bind G proteins but complexed with the α(2A)-R in intact cells, a direct interaction with the receptor seems likely. In the presence of hsp70, α(2A)-R-catalyzed [(35)S]GTPγS binding was reduced by approximately 70%. In contrast, approximately 50-fold higher concentrations of hsp70 were required to reduce agonist binding to the stress-inducible 5-hydroxytryptamine(1A) receptor (5-HT(1A)-R). In heat-stressed CHO cells, the α(2A)-R was significantly uncoupled from G proteins, coincident with an increased localization of hsp70 at the membrane. The contrasting effect of hsp70 on the α(2A)-R compared to the 5-HT(1A)-R suggests that during stress, upregulation of hsp70 may attenuate signaling from specific GPCRs as part of the stress response to foster survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- William K Lim
- Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 93150 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia.
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Yu R, Chen CR, Liu X, Kodra JT. Rescue of a pathogenic mutant human glucagon receptor by pharmacological chaperones. J Mol Endocrinol 2012; 49:69-78. [PMID: 22693263 DOI: 10.1530/jme-12-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that a homozygous inactivating P86S mutation of the glucagon receptor (GCGR) causes a novel human disease of hyperglucagonemia, pancreatic α-cell hyperplasia, and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (Mahvash disease). The mechanisms for the decreased activity of the P86S mutant (P86S) are abnormal receptor localization to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and defective interaction with glucagon. To search for targeted therapies for Mahvash disease, we examined whether P86S can be trafficked to the plasma membrane by pharmacological chaperones and whether novel glucagon analogs restore effective receptor interaction. We used enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged P86S stably expressed in HEK 293 cells to allow fluorescence imaging and western blotting and molecular modeling to design novel glucagon analogs in which alanine 19 was replaced with serine or asparagine. Incubation at 27 °C largely restored normal plasma membrane localization and normal processing of P86S but osmotic chaperones had no effects. The ER stressors thapsigargin and curcumin partially rescued P86S. The lipophilic GCGR antagonist L-168,049 also partially rescued P86S, so did Cpd 13 and 15 to a smaller degree. The rescued P86S led to more glucagon-stimulated cAMP production and was internalized by glucagon. Compared with the native glucagon, the novel glucagon analogs failed to stimulate more cAMP production by P86S. We conclude that the mutant GCGR is partially rescued by several pharmacological chaperones and our data provide proof-of-principle evidence that Mahvash disease can be potentially treated with pharmacological chaperones. The novel glucagon analogs, however, failed to interact with P86S more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Yu
- Division of Endocrinology and Carcinoid and Neuroendocrine Tumor Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, B-131, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA.
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Filipeanu CM, Guidry JJ, Leonard ST, Winsauer PJ. Δ9-THC increases endogenous AHA1 expression in rat cerebellum and may modulate CB1 receptor function during chronic use. J Neurochem 2011; 118:1101-12. [PMID: 21781118 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07391.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To characterize the long-term effects of adolescent marijuana abuse, we performed a proteomic analysis of cerebellar extracts from adult female rats with and without ovariectomy that were treated with Δ9-THC for 40 days during adolescence. Six proteins were found to significantly differ among the four treatment groups, with Δ9-THC and ovariectomy (OVX) decreasing the mitochondrial proteins, pyruvate carboxylase and NADH dehydrogenase, whereas the levels of putative cytosolic molecular chaperones NM23B, translationally controlled tumor protein, DJ-1 and activator of heat-shock 90kDa protein ATPase homolog 1 (AHA1) were increased. We further analyzed the effects of AHA1, a HSP90 co-chaperone, on CB1R and CB2R trafficking and signaling in transfected HEK293T and Neuro-2A cells. In HEK293T cells, AHA1 over-expression enhanced plasma membrane levels of CB1R and increased CB1R-mediated effects on cAMP levels and on MAPK phosphorylation. AHA1 over-expression also enhanced cell surface levels of endogenous CB1R and the effects of Δ9-THC on the cAMP levels in Neuro-2A cells. In contrast, over-expression of AHA1 did not affect the subcellular localization and signaling of CB2R. Our data indicate that chronic Δ9-THC administration in adolescence altered the endogenous levels of specialized proteins in the cerebellum, such as AHA1, and that this protein can change CB1R cell surface levels and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalin M Filipeanu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
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Chotani MA, Flavahan NA. Intracellular α(2C)-adrenoceptors: storage depot, stunted development or signaling domain? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2011; 1813:1495-503. [PMID: 21605601 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are generally considered to function as cell surface signaling structures that respond to extracellular mediators, many of which do not readily access the cell's interior. Indeed, most GPCRs are preferentially targeted to the plasma membrane. However, some receptors, including α(2C)-Adrenoceptors, challenge conventional concepts of GPCR activity by being preferentially retained and localized within intracellular organelles. This review will address the issues associated with this unusual GPCR localization and discuss whether it represents a novel sub-cellular niche for GPCR signaling, whether these receptors are being stored for rapid deployment to the cell surface, or whether they represent immature or incomplete receptor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maqsood A Chotani
- Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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