1
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Choi H, Lee K, Kim D, Kim S, Lee JH. The implication of holocytochrome c synthase mutation in Korean familial hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:4487-4498. [PMID: 35243551 PMCID: PMC9203382 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04413-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to comprehensively characterise genetic variants of amelogenesis imperfecta in a single Korean family through whole-exome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Material and methods Thirty-one individuals of a Korean family, 9 of whom were affected and 22 unaffected by amelogenesis imperfecta, were enrolled. Whole-exome sequencing was performed on 12 saliva samples, including samples from 8 affected and 4 unaffected individuals. The possible candidate genes associated with the disease were screened by segregation analysis and variant filtering. In silico mutation impact analysis was then performed on the filtered variants based on sequence conservation and protein structure. Results Whole-exome sequencing data revealed an X-linked dominant, heterozygous genomic missense mutation in the mitochondrial gene holocytochrome c synthase (HCCS). We also found that HCCS is potentially related to the role of mitochondria in amelogenesis. The HCCS variant was expected to be deleterious in both evolution-based and large population-based analyses. Further, the variant was predicted to have a negative effect on catalytic function of HCCS by in silico analysis of protein structure. In addition, HCCS had significant association with amelogenesis in literature mining analysis. Conclusions These findings suggest new evidence for the relationship between amelogenesis and mitochondria function, which could be implicated in the pathogenesis of amelogenesis imperfecta. Clinical relevance The discovery of HCCS mutations and a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of amelogenesis imperfecta could lead to finding solutions for the fundamental treatment of this disease. Furthermore, it enables dental practitioners to establish predictable prosthetic treatment plans at an early stage by early detection of amelogenesis imperfecta through personalised medicine. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00784-022-04413-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Choi
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry at Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanghwan Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyo Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanguk Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Hoon Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry at Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Abstract
Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is a ubiquitous Ca2+ signaling pathway that is evolutionarily conserved across eukaryotes. SOCE is triggered physiologically when the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ stores are emptied through activation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors. SOCE is mediated by the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels, which are highly Ca2+ selective. Upon store depletion, the ER Ca2+-sensing STIM proteins aggregate and gain extended conformations spanning the ER-plasma membrane junctional space to bind and activate Orai, the pore-forming proteins of hexameric CRAC channels. In recent years, studies on STIM and Orai tissue-specific knockout mice and gain- and loss-of-function mutations in humans have shed light on the physiological functions of SOCE in various tissues. Here, we describe recent findings on the composition of native CRAC channels and their physiological functions in immune, muscle, secretory, and neuronal systems to draw lessons from transgenic mice and human diseases caused by altered CRAC channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Emrich
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA;
| | - Ryan E Yoast
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA;
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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3
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Chen J, Qiu M, Zhang S, Li B, Li D, Huang X, Qian Z, Zhao J, Wang Z, Tang D. A calcium phosphate drug carrier loading with 5-fluorouracil achieving a synergistic effect for pancreatic cancer therapy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 605:263-273. [PMID: 34332405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Calcium based biomaterials were widely used for drug delivery application due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and high drug loading capacity. Herein, amino-capped polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer was applied as a macromolecular template to form amino-modified calcium phosphate hollow sphere (CaPO-NH2). After loading with 5-fluorouracil (5Fu), this system performed synergistic cancer chemotherapy. In this study, the 5Fu/CaPO-NH2 particles could be efficiently uptaken by cancer cells, and then decompose into Ca2+ and release 5Fu drug in the cytoplasm; therefore calcium overload and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation were found in PSN1 cells that could induce cell membrane damage and elicit cell apoptosis through a series of biochemical reactions including endoplasmic reticulum stress, lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial apoptosis. In the PSN1 pancreatic cancer xenograft model, the 5Fu/CaPO-NH2 system performed high tumor inhibition via chemotherapy and calcium overload induced apoptosis. Comparingly, the normal cells and organs were insensitive to this synergistic therapy, which indicated the well biocompatibility of delivery system. Thus, this study provided a promising CaPO-NH2 drug delivery platform for enhanced 5Fu chemotherapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzong Chen
- The Seventh Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Miaojuan Qiu
- The Seventh Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Shiqiang Zhang
- The Seventh Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Binbin Li
- The Seventh Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Dong Li
- The Seventh Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xiuyu Huang
- The Seventh Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zhirong Qian
- The Seventh Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- The Seventh Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- The Seventh Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Functional Biomaterials, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| | - Di Tang
- The Seventh Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
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4
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Costiniti V, Bomfim GH, Li Y, Mitaishvili E, Ye ZW, Zhang J, Townsend DM, Giacomello M, Lacruz RS. Mitochondrial Function in Enamel Development. Front Physiol 2020; 11:538. [PMID: 32547417 PMCID: PMC7274036 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Enamel is the most calcified tissue in vertebrates. Enamel formation and mineralization is a two-step process that is mediated by ameloblast cells during their secretory and maturation stages. In these two stages, ameloblasts are characterized by different morphology and function, which is fundamental for proper mineral growth in the extracellular space. Ultrastructural studies have shown that the mitochondria in these cells localize to different subcellular regions in both stages. However, limited knowledge is available on the role/s of mitochondria in enamel formation. To address this issue, we analyzed mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration, as well as the redox status of rat primary enamel cells isolated from the secretory and maturation stages. We show that maturation stage cells have an increased expression of PGC1α, a marker of mitochondrial biogenesis, and of components of the electron transport chain. Oxygen consumption rate (OCR), a proxy for mitochondrial function, showed a significant increase in oxidative phosphorylation during the maturation stage, promoting ATP production. The GSH/GSSG ratio was lower in the maturation stage, indicative of increased oxidation. Because higher oxidative phosphorylation can lead to higher ROS production, we tested if ROS affected the expression of AmelX and Enam genes that are essential for enamel formation. The ameloblast cell line LS8 treated with H2O2 to promote ROS elicited significant expression changes in AmelX and Enam. Our data highlight important metabolic and physiological differences across the two enamel stages, with higher ATP levels in the maturation stage indicative of a higher energy demand. Besides these metabolic shifts, it is likely that the enhanced ETC function results in ROS-mediated transcriptional changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Costiniti
- College of Dentistry, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Guilherme H Bomfim
- College of Dentistry, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yi Li
- College of Dentistry, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Erna Mitaishvili
- College of Dentistry, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Zhi-Wei Ye
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Danyelle M Townsend
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Marta Giacomello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Rodrigo S Lacruz
- College of Dentistry, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, New York, NY, United States
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5
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Souza Bomfim GH, Costiniti V, Li Y, Idaghdour Y, Lacruz RS. TRPM7 activation potentiates SOCE in enamel cells but requires ORAI. Cell Calcium 2020; 87:102187. [PMID: 32146159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels mediated by STIM1/2 and ORAI (ORAI1-3) proteins form the dominant store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) pathway in a wide variety of cells. Among these, the enamel-forming cells known as ameloblasts rely on CRAC channel function to enable Ca2+ influx, which is important for enamel mineralization. This key role of the CRAC channel is supported by human mutations and animal models lacking STIM1 and ORAI1, which results in enamel defects and hypomineralization. A number of recent reports have highlighted the role of the chanzyme TRPM7 (transient receptor potential melastanin 7), a transmembrane protein containing an ion channel permeable to divalent cations (Mg2+, Ca2+), as a modulator of SOCE. This raises the question as to whether TRPM7 should be considered an alternative route for Ca2+ influx, or if TRPM7 modifies CRAC channel activity in enamel cells. To address these questions, we monitored Ca2+ influx mediated by SOCE using the pharmacological TRPM7 activator naltriben and the inhibitor NS8593 in rat primary enamel cells and in the murine ameloblast cell line LS8 cells stimulated with thapsigargin. We also measured Ca2+ dynamics in ORAI1/2-deficient (shOrai1/2) LS8 cells and in cells with siRNA knock-down of Trpm7. We found that primary enamel cells stimulated with the TRPM7 activator potentiated Ca2+ influx via SOCE compared to control cells. However, blockade of TRPM7 with NS8593 did not decrease the SOCE peak. Furthermore, activation of TRPM7 in shOrai1/2 LS8 cells lacking SOCE failed to elicit Ca2+ influx, and Trpm7 knock-down had no effect on SOCE. Taken together, our data suggest that TRPM7 is a positive modulator of SOCE potentiating Ca2+ influx in enamel cells, but its function is fully dependent on the prior activation of the ORAI channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme H Souza Bomfim
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Veronica Costiniti
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Youssef Idaghdour
- Biology Program, Division of Science and Mathematics, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rodrigo S Lacruz
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
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6
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Gamage TH, Lengle E, Gunnes G, Pullisaar H, Holmgren A, Reseland JE, Merckoll E, Corti S, Mizobuchi M, Morales RJ, Tsiokas L, Tjønnfjord GE, Lacruz RS, Lyngstadaas SP, Misceo D, Frengen E. STIM1 R304W in mice causes subgingival hair growth and an increased fraction of trabecular bone. Cell Calcium 2019; 85:102110. [PMID: 31785581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.102110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Calcium signaling plays a central role in bone development and homeostasis. Store operated calcium entry (SOCE) is an important calcium influx pathway mediated by calcium release activated calcium (CRAC) channels in the plasma membrane. Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is an endoplasmic reticulum calcium sensing protein important for SOCE. We generated a mouse model expressing the STIM1 R304W mutation, causing Stormorken syndrome in humans. Stim1R304W/R304W mice showed perinatal lethality, and the only three animals that survived into adulthood presented with reduced growth, low body weight, and thoracic kyphosis. Radiographs revealed a reduced number of ribs in the Stim1R304W/R304W mice. Microcomputed tomography data revealed decreased cortical bone thickness and increased trabecular bone volume fraction in Stim1R304W/R304W mice, which had thinner and more compact bone compared to wild type mice. The Stim1R304W/+ mice showed an intermediate phenotype. Histological analyses showed that the Stim1R304W/R304W mice had abnormal bone architecture, with markedly increased number of trabeculae and reduced bone marrow cavity. Homozygous mice showed STIM1 positive osteocytes and osteoblasts. These findings highlight the critical role of the gain-of-function (GoF) STIM1 R304W protein in skeletal development and homeostasis in mice. Furthermore, the novel feature of bilateral subgingival hair growth on the lower incisors in the Stim1R304W/R304W mice and 25 % of the heterozygous mice indicate that the GoF STIM1 R304W protein also induces an abnormal epithelial cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilini H Gamage
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Emma Lengle
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gjermund Gunnes
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway
| | - Helen Pullisaar
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Asbjørn Holmgren
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Janne E Reseland
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Else Merckoll
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stefania Corti
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Centre, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Leonidas Tsiokas
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Geir E Tjønnfjord
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rodrigo S Lacruz
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - Staale P Lyngstadaas
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Doriana Misceo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eirik Frengen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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7
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Eckstein M, Vaeth M, Aulestia FJ, Costiniti V, Kassam SN, Bromage TG, Pedersen P, Issekutz T, Idaghdour Y, Moursi AM, Feske S, Lacruz RS. Differential regulation of Ca 2+ influx by ORAI channels mediates enamel mineralization. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/578/eaav4663. [PMID: 31015290 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aav4663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) channels are highly selective Ca2+ channels activated by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) sensors STIM1 and STIM2. Their direct interaction with the pore-forming plasma membrane ORAI proteins (ORAI1, ORAI2, and ORAI3) leads to sustained Ca2+ fluxes that are critical for many cellular functions. Mutations in the human ORAI1 gene result in immunodeficiency, anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, and enamel defects. In our investigation of the role of ORAI proteins in enamel, we identified enamel defects in a patient with an ORAI1 null mutation. Targeted deletion of the Orai1 gene in mice showed enamel defects and reduced SOCE in isolated enamel cells. However, Orai2-/- mice showed normal enamel despite having increased SOCE in the enamel cells. Knockdown experiments in the enamel cell line LS8 suggested that ORAI2 and ORAI3 modulated ORAI1 function, with ORAI1 and ORAI2 being the main contributors to SOCE. ORAI1-deficient LS8 cells showed altered mitochondrial respiration with increased oxygen consumption rate and ATP, which was associated with altered redox status and enhanced ER Ca2+ uptake, likely due to S-glutathionylation of SERCA pumps. Our findings demonstrate an important role of ORAI1 in Ca2+ influx in enamel cells and establish a link between SOCE, mitochondrial function, and redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Eckstein
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Martin Vaeth
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Francisco J Aulestia
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Veronica Costiniti
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Serena N Kassam
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Timothy G Bromage
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA.,Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Pal Pedersen
- Carl Zeiss Microscopy, LLC, Thornwood, NY 10594, USA
| | - Thomas Issekutz
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Youssef Idaghdour
- Biology Program, Division of Science and Mathematics, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amr M Moursi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Stefan Feske
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Rodrigo S Lacruz
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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8
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Kappel S, Borgström A, Stokłosa P, Dörr K, Peinelt C. Store-operated calcium entry in disease: Beyond STIM/Orai expression levels. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 94:66-73. [PMID: 30630032 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Precise intracellular calcium signaling is crucial to numerous cellular functions. In non-excitable cells, store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) is a key step in the generation of intracellular calcium signals. Tight regulation of SOCE is important, and dysregulation is involved in several pathophysiological cellular malfunctions. The current underlying SOCE, calcium release-activated calcium current (ICRAC), was first discovered almost three decades ago. Since its discovery, the molecular components of ICRAC, Orai1 and stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), have been extensively investigated. Several regulatory mechanisms and proteins contribute to alterations in SOCE and cellular malfunctions in cancer, immune and neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, and neuronal disorders. This review summarizes these regulatory mechanisms, including glycosylation, pH sensing, and the regulatory proteins golli, α-SNAP, SARAF, ORMDL3, CRACR2A, and TRPM4 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Kappel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Borgström
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paulina Stokłosa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Christine Peinelt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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9
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Eckstein M, Lacruz RS. CRAC channels in dental enamel cells. Cell Calcium 2018; 75:14-20. [PMID: 30114531 PMCID: PMC6435299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Enamel mineralization relies on Ca2+ availability provided by Ca2+ release activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels. CRAC channels are modulated by the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ sensor STIM1 which gates the pore subunit of the channel known as ORAI1, found the in plasma membrane, to enable sustained Ca2+ influx. Mutations in the STIM1 and ORAI1 genes result in CRAC channelopathy, an ensemble of diseases including immunodeficiency, muscular hypotonia, ectodermal dysplasia with defects in sweat gland function and abnormal enamel mineralization similar to amelogenesis imperfecta (AI). In some reports, the chief medical complain has been the patient's dental health, highlighting the direct and important link between CRAC channels and enamel. The reported enamel defects are apparent in both the deciduous and in permanent teeth and often require extensive dental treatment to provide the patient with a functional dentition. Among the dental phenotypes observed in the patients, discoloration, increased wear, hypoplasias (thinning of enamel) and chipping has been reported. These findings are not universal in all patients. Here we review the mutations in STIM1 and ORAI1 causing AI-like phenotype, and evaluate the enamel defects in CRAC channel deficient mice. We also provide a brief overview of the role of CRAC channels in other mineralizing systems such as dentine and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Eckstein
- Dept. Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, New York 10010, USA
| | - R S Lacruz
- Dept. Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, New York 10010, USA.
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10
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Parys JB, Bultynck G. Calcium signaling in health, disease and therapy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1657-1659. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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