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Orlikowska-Rzeznik H, Versluis J, Bakker HJ, Piatkowski L. Cholesterol Changes Interfacial Water Alignment in Model Cell Membranes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13151-13162. [PMID: 38687869 PMCID: PMC11099968 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The nanoscopic layer of water that directly hydrates biological membranes plays a critical role in maintaining the cell structure, regulating biochemical processes, and managing intermolecular interactions at the membrane interface. Therefore, comprehending the membrane structure, including its hydration, is essential for understanding the chemistry of life. While cholesterol is a fundamental lipid molecule in mammalian cells, influencing both the structure and dynamics of cell membranes, its impact on the structure of interfacial water has remained unknown. We used surface-specific vibrational sum-frequency generation spectroscopy to study the effect of cholesterol on the structure and hydration of monolayers of the lipids 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), and egg sphingomyelin (SM). We found that for the unsaturated lipid DOPC, cholesterol intercalates in the membrane without significantly changing the orientation of the lipid tails and the orientation of the water molecules hydrating the headgroups of DOPC. In contrast, for the saturated lipids DPPC and SM, the addition of cholesterol leads to clearly enhanced packing and ordering of the hydrophobic tails. It is also observed that the orientation of the water hydrating the lipid headgroups is enhanced upon the addition of cholesterol. These results are important because the orientation of interfacial water molecules influences the cell membranes' dipole potential and the strength and specificity of interactions between cell membranes and peripheral proteins and other biomolecules. The lipid nature-dependent role of cholesterol in altering the arrangement of interfacial water molecules offers a fresh perspective on domain-selective cellular processes, such as protein binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Orlikowska-Rzeznik
- Faculty
of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jan Versluis
- AMOLF,
Ultrafast Spectroscopy, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huib J. Bakker
- AMOLF,
Ultrafast Spectroscopy, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lukasz Piatkowski
- Faculty
of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
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Dahley C, Böckmann T, Ebert A, Goss KU. Predicting the intrinsic membrane permeability of Caco-2/MDCK cells by the solubility-diffusion model. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 195:106720. [PMID: 38311258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Membrane permeability is one of the main determinants for the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of compounds and is therefore of crucial importance for successful drug development. Experiments with artificial phospholipid membranes have shown that the intrinsic membrane permeability (P0) of compounds is well-predicted by the solubility-diffusion model (SDM). However, using the solubility-diffusion model to predict the P0 of biological Caco-2 and MDCK cell membranes has proven unreliable so far. Recent publications revealed that many published P0 extracted from Caco-2 and MDCK experiments are incorrect. In this work, we therefore used a small self-generated set as well as a large revised set of experimental Caco-2 and MDCK data from literature to compare experimental and predicted P0. The P0 extracted from Caco-2 and MDCK experiments were systematically lower than the P0 predicted by the solubility-diffusion model. However, using the following correlation: log P0,Caco-2/MDCK = 0.84 log P0,SDM - 1.85, P0 of biological Caco-2 and MDCK cell membranes was well-predicted by the solubility-diffusion model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Dahley
- Department of Analytical Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Tim Böckmann
- Department of Analytical Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Andrea Ebert
- Department of Analytical Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany.
| | - Kai-Uwe Goss
- Department of Analytical Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany; Institute of Chemistry, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, Halle 06120, Germany
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Duché G, Sanderson JM. The Chemical Reactivity of Membrane Lipids. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3284-3330. [PMID: 38498932 PMCID: PMC10979411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
It is well-known that aqueous dispersions of phospholipids spontaneously assemble into bilayer structures. These structures have numerous applications across chemistry and materials science and form the fundamental structural unit of the biological membrane. The particular environment of the lipid bilayer, with a water-poor low dielectric core surrounded by a more polar and better hydrated interfacial region, gives the membrane particular biophysical and physicochemical properties and presents a unique environment for chemical reactions to occur. Many different types of molecule spanning a range of sizes, from dissolved gases through small organics to proteins, are able to interact with membranes and promote chemical changes to lipids that subsequently affect the physicochemical properties of the bilayer. This Review describes the chemical reactivity exhibited by lipids in their membrane form, with an emphasis on conditions where the lipids are well hydrated in the form of bilayers. Key topics include the following: lytic reactions of glyceryl esters, including hydrolysis, aminolysis, and transesterification; oxidation reactions of alkenes in unsaturated fatty acids and sterols, including autoxidation and oxidation by singlet oxygen; reactivity of headgroups, particularly with reactive carbonyl species; and E/Z isomerization of alkenes. The consequences of reactivity for biological activity and biophysical properties are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Duché
- Génie
Enzimatique et Cellulaire, Université
Technologique de Compiègne, Compiègne 60200, France
| | - John M Sanderson
- Chemistry
Department, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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Ebert A, Dahley C, Goss KU. Pitfalls in evaluating permeability experiments with Caco-2/MDCK cell monolayers. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 194:106699. [PMID: 38232636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
When studying the transport of molecules across biological membranes, intrinsic membrane permeability (P0) is more informative than apparent permeability (Papp), because it eliminates external (setup-specific) factors, provides consistency across experiments and mechanistic insight. It is thus an important building block for modeling the total permeability in any given scenario. However, extracting P0 is often difficult, if not impossible, when the membrane is not the dominant transport resistance. In this work, we set out to analyze Papp values measured with Caco-2/MDCK cell monolayers of 69 literature references. We checked the Papp values for a total of 318 different compounds for the extractability of P0, considering possible limitations by aqueous boundary layers, paracellular transport, recovery issues, active transport, a possible proton flux limitation, and sink conditions. Overall, we were able to extract 77 reliable P0 values, which corresponds to about one quarter of the total compounds analyzed, while about half were limited by the diffusion through the aqueous layers. Compared to an existing data set of P0 values published by Avdeef, our approach resulted in a much higher exclusion of compounds. This is a consequence of stricter compound- and reference-specific exclusion criteria, but also because we considered possible concentration-shift effects due to different pH values in the aqueous layers, an effect only recently described in literature. We thus provide a consistent and reliable set of P0, e.g. as a basis for future modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ebert
- Department of Analytical Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Federal Republic of Germany.
| | - Carolin Dahley
- Department of Analytical Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Goss
- Department of Analytical Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Federal Republic of Germany; Institute of Chemistry, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, Halle 06120, Federal Republic of Germany
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Xu B, Li J, Zhang S, Zeb J, Chen S, Yuan Q, Gan W. The Transport of Charged Molecules across Three Lipid Membranes Investigated with Second Harmonic Generation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114330. [PMID: 37298807 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Subtle variations in the structure and composition of lipid membranes can have a profound impact on their transport of functional molecules and relevant cell functions. Here, we present a comparison of the permeability of bilayers composed of three lipids: cardiolipin, DOPG (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol), and POPG (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol)). The adsorption and cross-membrane transport of a charged molecule, D289 (4-(4-diethylaminostyry)-1-methyl-pyridinium iodide), on vesicles composed of the three lipids were monitored by second harmonic generation (SHG) scattering from the vesicle surface. It is revealed that structural mismatching between the saturated and unsaturated alkane chains in POPG leads to relatively loose packing structure in the lipid bilayers, thus providing better permeability compared to unsaturated lipid bilayers (DOPG). This mismatching also weakens the efficiency of cholesterol in rigidifying the lipid bilayers. It is also revealed that the bilayer structure is somewhat disturbed by the surface curvature in small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) composed of POPG and the conical structured cardiolipin. Such subtle information on the relationship between the lipid structure and the molecular transport capability of the bilayers may provide clues for drug development and other medical and biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baomei Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Johar Zeb
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shunli Chen
- Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structure Materials of Guangdong Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Qunhui Yuan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Gan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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He H, Zhang Y, Xu J, Li Y, Fang H, Liu Y, Zhang S. Discovery of Orally Bioavailable SOS1 Inhibitors for Suppressing KRAS-Driven Carcinoma. J Med Chem 2022; 65:13158-13171. [PMID: 36173339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between son of sevenless 1 (SOS1) gene and Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS) is crucial for activating signals of proliferation and survival in a range of cancers. We previously discovered compound 40a with a tetracyclic quinazoline pharmacophore as a potent orally bioavailable SOS1 inhibitor. Herein, we disclosed the discovery of compound 13c, which substituted the third ring with the seven-membered ring, as a clinical drug candidate for suppressing KRAS-driven tumors. 13c strongly disrupted the protein-protein interaction between SOS1 and KRAS with low IC50 values of 3.9 nM (biochemical) and 21 nM (cellular). 13c showed a favorable pharmacokinetic profile with a bioavailability of 86.8% in beagles and exhibited 83.0% tumor suppression in Mia-paca-2 pancreas xenograft mice tumor models. 13c exhibited a weak time-dependent CY3A4P inhibition than BI-3406, thereby reducing the risk of drug-drug interaction in drug combination. Toxicological investigations revealed that 13c had a lower risk of sudden cardiac death than BI-3406. Overall, 13c has been under evaluation in preclinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan He
- Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
- Wuhan Yuxiang Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430200, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
| | - Juan Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, P. R. China
- Wuhan Yuxiang Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430200, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Wuhan Yuxiang Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430200, P. R. China
- School of Life Science and Technology & School Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, P. R. China
| | - Huaxiang Fang
- Wuhan Yuxiang Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430200, P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
- School of Life Science and Technology & School Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation and Membrane Process & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology and Process Engineering, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Silong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
- Wuhan Yuxiang Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430200, P. R. China
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