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Hauserman MR, Ferraro MJ, Carroll RK, Rice KC. Altered quorum sensing and physiology of Staphylococcus aureus during spaceflight detected by multi-omics data analysis. NPJ Microgravity 2024; 10:2. [PMID: 38191486 PMCID: PMC10774393 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-023-00343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus colonizes the nares of approximately 30% of humans, a risk factor for opportunistic infections. To gain insight into S. aureus virulence potential in the spaceflight environment, we analyzed RNA-Seq, cellular proteomics, and metabolomics data from the "Biological Research in Canisters-23" (BRIC-23) GeneLab spaceflight experiment, a mission designed to measure the response of S. aureus to growth in low earth orbit on the international space station. This experiment used Biological Research in Canisters-Petri Dish Fixation Units (BRIC-PDFUs) to grow asynchronous ground control and spaceflight cultures of S. aureus for 48 h. RNAIII, the effector of the Accessory Gene Regulator (Agr) quorum sensing system, was the most highly upregulated gene transcript in spaceflight relative to ground controls. The agr operon gene transcripts were also highly upregulated during spaceflight, followed by genes encoding phenol-soluble modulins and secreted proteases, which are positively regulated by Agr. Upregulated spaceflight genes/proteins also had functions related to urease activity, type VII-like Ess secretion, and copper transport. We also performed secretome analysis of BRIC-23 culture supernatants, which revealed that spaceflight samples had increased abundance of secreted virulence factors, including Agr-regulated proteases (SspA, SspB), staphylococcal nuclease (Nuc), and EsxA (secreted by the Ess system). These data also indicated that S. aureus metabolism is altered in spaceflight conditions relative to the ground controls. Collectively, these data suggest that S. aureus experiences increased quorum sensing and altered expression of virulence factors in response to the spaceflight environment that may impact its pathogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Hauserman
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mariola J Ferraro
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ronan K Carroll
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Kelly C Rice
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Santelices J, Ou M, Maegawa GHB, Hercik K, Edelmann MJ. USP8 inhibition regulates autophagy flux and controls Salmonella infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1070271. [PMID: 37026055 PMCID: PMC10072284 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1070271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ubiquitination is an important protein modification that regulates various essential cellular processes, including the functions of innate immune cells. Deubiquitinases are enzymes responsible for removing ubiquitin modification from substrates, and the regulation of deubiquitinases in macrophages during infection with Salmonella Typhimurium and Yersinia enterocolitica remains unknown. Methods To identify deubiquitinases regulated in human macrophages during bacterial infection, an activity-based proteomics screen was conducted. The effects of pharmacological inhibition of the identified deubiquitinase, USP8, were examined, including its impact on bacterial survival within macrophages and its role in autophagy regulation during Salmonella infection. Results Several deubiquiitnases were differentially regulated in infected macrophages. One of the deubiquitinases identified was USP8, which was downregulated upon Salmonella infection. Inhibition of USP8 was associated with a decrease in bacterial survival within macrophages, and it was found to play a distinct role in regulating autophagy during Salmonella infection. The inhibition of USP8 led to the downregulation of the p62 autophagy adaptor. Discussion The findings of this study suggest a novel role of USP8 in regulating autophagy flux, which restricts intracellular bacteria, particularly during Salmonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Santelices
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Mark Ou
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Gustavo H. B. Maegawa
- Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Vagelos Physicians and Surgeons College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kamil Hercik
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Mariola J. Edelmann
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Sheppe AEF, Kummari E, Walker A, Richards A, Hui WW, Lee JH, Mangum L, Borazjani A, Ross MK, Edelmann MJ. PGE2 Augments Inflammasome Activation and M1 Polarization in Macrophages Infected With Salmonella Typhimurium and Yersinia enterocolitica. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2447. [PMID: 30429830 PMCID: PMC6220063 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Eicosanoids are cellular metabolites, which shape the immune response, including inflammatory processes in macrophages. The effects of these lipid mediators on inflammation and bacterial pathogenesis are not clearly understood. Certain eicosanoids are suspected to act as molecular sensors for the recruitment of neutrophils, while others regulate bacterial uptake. In this study, gene expression analyses indicated that genes involved in eicosanoid biosynthesis including COX-1, COX-2, DAGL, and PLA-2 are differentially regulated in THP-1 human macrophages infected with Salmonella enterica Typhimurium or Yersinia enterocolitica. By using targeted metabolomics approach, we found that the eicosanoid precursor, arachidonic acid (AA) as well as its derivatives, including prostaglandins (PGs) PGF2α or PGE2/PGD2, and thromboxane TxB2, are rapidly secreted from macrophages infected with these Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. The magnitude of eicosanoid biosynthesis in infected host cells depends on the presence of virulence factors of Y. enterocolitica and S. Typhimurium strains, albeit in an opposite way in Y. enterocolitica compared to S. Typhimurium infection. Trials with combinations of EP2/EP4 PGE2 receptor agonists and antagonists suggest that PGE2 signaling in these infection models works primarily through the EP4 receptor. Downstream of EP4 activation, PGE2 enhances inflammasome activation and represses M2 macrophage polarization while inducing key M1-type markers. PGE2 also led to a decreased numbers of Y. enterocolitica within macrophages. To summarize, PGE2 is a potent autocrine/paracrine activator of inflammation during infection in Gram-negative bacteria, and it affects macrophage polarization, likely controlling bacterial clearance by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin E. F. Sheppe
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Evangel Kummari
- Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Alyssa Walker
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Angela Richards
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Winnie W. Hui
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jung Hwa Lee
- Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Lauren Mangum
- Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Abdolsamad Borazjani
- Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Matthew K. Ross
- Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Mariola J. Edelmann
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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