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Al-Bari AA. Inhibition of autolysosomes by repurposing drugs as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancers. ALL LIFE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2022.2078894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Alim Al-Bari
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
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Koopaie M, Ghafourian M, Manifar S, Younespour S, Davoudi M, Kolahdooz S, Shirkhoda M. Evaluation of CSTB and DMBT1 expression in saliva of gastric cancer patients and controls. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:473. [PMID: 35488257 PMCID: PMC9055774 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09570-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer and the third cause of cancer deaths globally, with late diagnosis, low survival rate, and poor prognosis. This case-control study aimed to evaluate the expression of cystatin B (CSTB) and deleted in malignant brain tumor 1 (DMBT1) in the saliva of GC patients with healthy individuals to construct diagnostic algorithms using statistical analysis and machine learning methods. Methods Demographic data, clinical characteristics, and food intake habits of the case and control group were gathered through a standard checklist. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were taken from 31 healthy individuals and 31 GC patients. Through ELISA test and statistical analysis, the expression of salivary CSTB and DMBT1 proteins was evaluated. To construct diagnostic algorithms, we used the machine learning method. Results The mean salivary expression of CSTB in GC patients was significantly lower (115.55 ± 7.06, p = 0.001), and the mean salivary expression of DMBT1 in GC patients was significantly higher (171.88 ± 39.67, p = 0.002) than the control. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that GC was significantly correlated with high levels of DMBT1 after controlling the effects of age of participants (R2 = 0.20, p < 0.001). Considering salivary CSTB greater than 119.06 ng/mL as an optimal cut-off value, the sensitivity and specificity of CSTB in the diagnosis of GC were 83.87 and 70.97%, respectively. The area under the ROC curve was calculated as 0.728. The optimal cut-off value of DMBT1 for differentiating GC patients from controls was greater than 146.33 ng/mL (sensitivity = 80.65% and specificity = 64.52%). The area under the ROC curve was up to 0.741. As a result of the machine learning method, the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for the diagnostic ability of CSTB, DMBT1, demographic data, clinical characteristics, and food intake habits was 0.95. The machine learning model’s sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 100, 70.8, and 80.5%, respectively. Conclusion Salivary levels of DMBT1 and CSTB may be accurate in diagnosing GCs. Machine learning analyses using salivary biomarkers, demographic, clinical, and nutrition habits data simultaneously could provide affordability models with acceptable accuracy for differentiation of GC by a cost-effective and non-invasive method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Koopaie
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Ghafourian
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Manifar
- Department of Oral Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Kargar St, P.O.Box:14395-433, Tehran, 14399-55991, Iran.
| | - Shima Younespour
- Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour Davoudi
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering and IT, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sajad Kolahdooz
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shirkhoda
- Department of General Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Rudzinska-Radecka M, Frolova AS, Balakireva AV, Gorokhovets NV, Pokrovsky VS, Sokolova DV, Korolev DO, Potoldykova NV, Vinarov AZ, Parodi A, Zamyatnin AA. In Silico, In Vitro, and Clinical Investigations of Cathepsin B and Stefin A mRNA Expression and a Correlation Analysis in Kidney Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:1455. [PMID: 35563761 PMCID: PMC9101197 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cysteine protease Cathepsin B (CtsB) plays a critical role in multiple signaling pathways, intracellular protein degradation, and processing. Endogenous inhibitors regulate its enzymatic activity, including stefins and other cystatins. Recent data proved that CtsB is implicated in tumor extracellular matrix remodeling, cell invasion, and metastasis: a misbalance between cathepsins and their natural inhibitors is often considered a sign of disease progression. In the present study, we investigated CtsB and stefin A (StfA) expression in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). mRNA analysis unveiled a significant CTSB and STFA increase in RCC tissues compared to adjacent non-cancerogenic tissues and a higher CtsB expression in malignant tumors than in benign renal neoplasms. Further analysis highlighted a positive correlation between CtsB and StfA expression as a function of patient sex, age, tumor size, grade, lymph node invasion, metastasis occurrence, and survival. Alternative overexpression and silencing of CtsB and StfA confirmed the correlation expression between these proteins in human RCC-derived cells through protein analysis and fluorescent microscopy. Finally, the ectopic expression of CtsB and StfA increased RCC cell proliferation. Our data strongly indicated that CtsB and StfA expression play an important role in RCC development by mutually stimulating their expression in RCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Rudzinska-Radecka
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.R.-R.); (A.S.F.); (A.V.B.); (N.V.G.); (A.P.)
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anastasia S. Frolova
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.R.-R.); (A.S.F.); (A.V.B.); (N.V.G.); (A.P.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave., 354340 Sochi, Russia; (V.S.P.); (D.V.S.)
| | - Anastasia V. Balakireva
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.R.-R.); (A.S.F.); (A.V.B.); (N.V.G.); (A.P.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Neonila V. Gorokhovets
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.R.-R.); (A.S.F.); (A.V.B.); (N.V.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Vadim S. Pokrovsky
- Department of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave., 354340 Sochi, Russia; (V.S.P.); (D.V.S.)
- Laboratory of Combined Treatment, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, 115478 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Darina V. Sokolova
- Department of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave., 354340 Sochi, Russia; (V.S.P.); (D.V.S.)
- Laboratory of Combined Treatment, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, 115478 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry O. Korolev
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (D.O.K.); (N.V.P.); (A.Z.V.)
| | - Natalia V. Potoldykova
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (D.O.K.); (N.V.P.); (A.Z.V.)
| | - Andrey Z. Vinarov
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (D.O.K.); (N.V.P.); (A.Z.V.)
| | - Alessandro Parodi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.R.-R.); (A.S.F.); (A.V.B.); (N.V.G.); (A.P.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave., 354340 Sochi, Russia; (V.S.P.); (D.V.S.)
| | - Andrey A. Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.R.-R.); (A.S.F.); (A.V.B.); (N.V.G.); (A.P.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave., 354340 Sochi, Russia; (V.S.P.); (D.V.S.)
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
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Kos J, Mitrović A, Perišić Nanut M, Pišlar A. Lysosomal peptidases – Intriguing roles in cancer progression and neurodegeneration. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:708-738. [PMID: 35067006 PMCID: PMC8972049 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal peptidases are hydrolytic enzymes capable of digesting waste proteins that are targeted to lysosomes via endocytosis and autophagy. Besides intracellular protein catabolism, they play more specific roles in several other cellular processes and pathologies, either within lysosomes, upon secretion into the cell cytoplasm or extracellular space, or bound to the plasma membrane. In cancer, lysosomal peptidases are generally associated with disease progression, as they participate in crucial processes leading to changes in cell morphology, signaling, migration, and invasion, and finally metastasis. However, they can also enhance the mechanisms resulting in cancer regression, such as apoptosis of tumor cells or antitumor immune responses. Lysosomal peptidases have also been identified as hallmarks of aging and neurodegeneration, playing roles in oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, abnormal intercellular communication, dysregulated trafficking, and the deposition of protein aggregates in neuronal cells. Furthermore, deficiencies in lysosomal peptidases may result in other pathological states, such as lysosomal storage disease. The aim of this review was to highlight the role of lysosomal peptidases in particular pathological processes of cancer and neurodegeneration and to address the potential of lysosomal peptidases in diagnosing and treating patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janko Kos
- University of Ljubljana Faculty of Pharmacy Aškerčeva 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan Institute Department of Biotechnology Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Ana Mitrović
- Jožef Stefan Institute Department of Biotechnology Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Milica Perišić Nanut
- Jožef Stefan Institute Department of Biotechnology Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Anja Pišlar
- University of Ljubljana Faculty of Pharmacy Aškerčeva 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
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Khan S, Cvammen W, Anabtawi N, Choi JH, Kemp MG. XPA is susceptible to proteolytic cleavage by cathepsin L during lysis of quiescent cells. DNA Repair (Amst) 2022; 109:103260. [PMID: 34883264 PMCID: PMC8748394 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The xeroderma pigmentosum group A (XPA) protein plays an essential role in the removal of UV photoproducts and other bulky lesions from DNA as a component of the nucleotide excision repair (NER) machinery. Using cell lysates prepared from confluent cultures of human cells and from human skin epidermis, we observed an additional XPA antibody-reactive band on immunoblots that was approximately 3-4 kDa smaller than the native, full-length XPA protein. Biochemical studies revealed this smaller molecular weight XPA species to be due to proteolysis at the C-terminus of the protein, which negatively impacted the ability of XPA to interact with the NER protein TFIIH. Further work identified the endopeptidase cathepsin L, which is expressed at higher levels in quiescent cells, as the protease responsible for cleaving XPA during cell lysis. These results suggest that supplementation of lysis buffers with inhibitors of cathepsin L is important to prevent cleavage of XPA during lysis of confluent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio
| | - William Cvammen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Nadeen Anabtawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Jun-Hyuk Choi
- Biometrology Group, Division of Chemical and Biological Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 305-340, Republic of Korea;,Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 305-340, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael G. Kemp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio;,Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, Ohio,To whom correspondence should be addressed:
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Hsieh YH, Tsai JP, Yu CL, Lee CC, Hsu JC, Chen JC. Overexpression of Lipocalin-2 Inhibits Proliferation and Invasiveness of Human Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells by Activating ERK Targeting Cathepsin D Expression. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10050390. [PMID: 34062746 PMCID: PMC8147321 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) exhibits pro- and anti-carcinogenic effects in several cancers, but its role in the progression of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains poorly understood. We observed that the overexpression of LCN2 inhibits GBM cell proliferation and invasion via activation of ERK-induced CTSD expression. LCN2 overexpression may be a treatment strategy and prognostic marker for GBM. Abstract Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) exhibits pro- and anti-carcinogenic effects in several cancers, but its role in the progression of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate the effect of LCN2 in human GBM cell, and the mechanism underlying its effects on GBM malignant progression. We observed that LCN2 expression was significantly lower in GBM than in normal tissues and was associated with poorer GBM patient survival. LCN2-overexpressing GBM cells showed significantly reduced proliferation and migration/invasion abilities. Human protease antibody array analysis showed that the expression of cathepsin D (CTSD) protein and mRNA was lower in LCN2-overexpressing GBM cells than in controls. Higher CTSD expression was observed in GBM tumors than in normal tissues, and higher CTSD expression was associated with poorer overall and disease-free survival. LCN2-overexpressing GBM cells exhibited increased ERK phosphorylation. Treatment of these cells with a MEK inhibitor (U0126) restored CTSD expression, cell migration, and cell invasiveness. In conclusion, LCN2 might be serving as a prognostic marker and promising anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic target for treating GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (Y.-H.H.); (C.-L.Y.); (J.-C.H.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Pi Tsai
- Department of Medicine Research, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Chiayi 62247, Taiwan; (J.-P.T.); (C.-C.L.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi 62247, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Lin Yu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (Y.-H.H.); (C.-L.Y.); (J.-C.H.)
| | - Chu-Che Lee
- Department of Medicine Research, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Chiayi 62247, Taiwan; (J.-P.T.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - Jen-Chieh Hsu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (Y.-H.H.); (C.-L.Y.); (J.-C.H.)
| | - Jin-Cherng Chen
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97071, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi 62247, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Piperigkou Z, Kyriakopoulou K, Koutsakis C, Mastronikolis S, Karamanos NK. Key Matrix Remodeling Enzymes: Functions and Targeting in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1441. [PMID: 33809973 PMCID: PMC8005147 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue functionality and integrity demand continuous changes in distribution of major components in the extracellular matrices (ECMs) under normal conditions aiming tissue homeostasis. Major matrix degrading proteolytic enzymes are matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), plasminogen activators, atypical proteases such as intracellular cathepsins and glycolytic enzymes including heparanase and hyaluronidases. Matrix proteases evoke epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and regulate ECM turnover under normal procedures as well as cancer cell phenotype, motility, invasion, autophagy, angiogenesis and exosome formation through vital signaling cascades. ECM remodeling is also achieved by glycolytic enzymes that are essential for cancer cell survival, proliferation and tumor progression. In this article, the types of major matrix remodeling enzymes, their effects in cancer initiation, propagation and progression as well as their pharmacological targeting and ongoing clinical trials are presented and critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Piperigkou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece; (K.K.); (C.K.)
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), 265 04 Patras, Greece
| | - Konstantina Kyriakopoulou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece; (K.K.); (C.K.)
| | - Christos Koutsakis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece; (K.K.); (C.K.)
| | | | - Nikos K. Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece; (K.K.); (C.K.)
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), 265 04 Patras, Greece
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The Role of Lysosomes in the Cancer Progression: Focus on the Extracellular Matrix Degradation. ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA 2021. [DOI: 10.29413/abs.2020-5.6.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Burster T, Knippschild U, Molnár F, Zhanapiya A. Cathepsin G and its Dichotomous Role in Modulating Levels of MHC Class I Molecules. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2020; 68:25. [PMID: 32815043 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-020-00585-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin G (CatG) is involved in controlling numerous processes of the innate and adaptive immune system. These features include the proteolytic activity of CatG and play a pivotal role in alteration of chemokines as well as cytokines, clearance of exogenous and internalized pathogens, platelet activation, apoptosis, and antigen processing. This is in contrast to the capability of CatG acting in a proteolytic-independent manner due to the net charge of arginine residues in the CatG sequence which interferes with bacteria. CatG is a double-edged sword; CatG is also responsible in pathophysiological conditions, such as autoimmunity, chronic pulmonary diseases, HIV infection, tumor progression and metastasis, photo-aged human skin, Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome, and chronic inflammatory pain. Here, we summarize the latest findings for functional responsibilities of CatG in immunity, including bivalent regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules, which underscore an additional novel role of CatG within the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Burster
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Ave. 53, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan.
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Molnár
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Ave. 53, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Anuar Zhanapiya
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Ave. 53, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
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