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Han H, Feng X, Guo Y, Cheng M, Cui Z, Guo S, Zhou W. Identification of potential target genes of breast cancer in response to Chidamide treatment. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:999582. [PMID: 36425653 PMCID: PMC9679413 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.999582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chidamide, a new chemically structured HDACi-like drug, has been shown to inhibit breast cancer, but its specific mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In this paper, we selected ER-positive breast cancer MCF-7 cells and used RNA-seq technique to analyze the gene expression differences of Chidamide-treated breast cancer cells to identify the drug targets of Chidamide's anti-breast cancer effect and to lay the foundation for the development of new drugs for breast cancer treatment. The results showed that the MCF-7 CHID group expressed 320 up-regulated genes and 222 down-regulated genes compared to the control group; Gene Ontology functional enrichment analysis showed that most genes were enriched to biological processes. Subsequently, 10 hub genes for Chidamide treatment of breast cancer were identified based on high scores using CytoHubba, a plug-in for Cytoscape: TP53, JUN, CAD, ACLY, IL-6, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, THBS1, CXCL8, IMPDH2, and YARS. Finally, a combination of the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis database and Kaplan Meier mapper to compare the expression and survival analysis of these 10 hub genes, TP53, ACLY, PPARG, and JUN were found to be potential candidate genes significantly associated with Chidamide for breast cancer treatment. Among them, TP53 may be a potential target gene for Chidamide to overcome multi-drug resistance in breast cancer. Therefore, we identified four genes central to the treatment of breast cancer with Chidamide by bioinformatics analysis, and clarified that TP53 may be a potential target gene for Chidamide to overcome multi-drug resistance in breast cancer. This study lays a solid experimental and theoretical foundation for the treatment of breast cancer at the molecular level with Chidamide and for the combination of Chidamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Han
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue Feng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Yarui Guo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Meijia Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Statistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Zhengguo Cui
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Fukui School of Medical Science, Fukui, Japan
| | - Shanchun Guo
- RCMI Cancer Research Center, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Weiqiang Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
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Li Y, Azmi AS, Mohammad RM. Deregulated transcription factors and poor clinical outcomes in cancer patients. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:122-134. [PMID: 35940398 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors are a group of proteins, which possess DNA-binding domains, bind to DNA strands of promoters or enhancers, and initiate transcription of genes with cooperation of RNA polymerase and other co-factors. They play crucial roles in regulating transcription during embryogenesis and development. Their physiological status in different cell types is also important to maintain cellular homeostasis. Therefore, any deregulation of transcription factors will lead to the development of cancer cells and tumor progression. Based on their functions in cancer cells, transcription factors could be either oncogenic or tumor suppressive. Furthermore, transcription factors have been shown to modulate cancer stem cells, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and drug response; therefore, measuring deregulated transcription factors is hypothesized to predict treatment outcomes of patients with cancers and targeting deregulated transcription factors could be an encouraging strategy for cancer therapy. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of major deregulated transcription factors and their effects on causing poor clinical outcome of patients with cancer. The information presented here will help to predict the prognosis and drug response and to design novel drugs and therapeutic strategies for the treatment of cancers by targeting deregulated transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Li
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Discovery of Highly Functionalized 5-hydroxy-2H-pyrrol-2-ones That Exhibit Antiestrogenic Effects in Breast and Endometrial Cancer Cells and Potentiate the Antitumoral Effect of Tamoxifen. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14215174. [DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen improves the overall survival rate in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients. However, despite the fact that it exerts antagonistic effects on the ERα, it can act as a partial agonist, resulting in tumor growth in estrogen-sensitive tissues. In this study, highly functionalized 5-hydroxy-2H-pyrrol-2-ones were synthesized and evaluated by using ERα- and phenotype-based screening assays. Compounds 32 and 35 inhibited 17β-estradiol (E2)-stimulated ERα-mediated transcription of the luciferase reporter gene in breast cancer cells without inhibition of the transcriptional activity mediated by androgen or glucocorticoid receptors. Compound 32 regulated E2-stimulated ERα-mediated transcription by partial antagonism, whereas compound 35 caused rapid and non-competitive inhibition. Monitoring of 2D and 3D cell growth confirmed potent antitumoral effects of both compounds on ER-positive breast cancer cells. Furthermore, compounds 32 and 35 caused apoptosis and blocked the cell cycle of ER-positive breast cancer cells in the sub-G1 and G0/G1 phases. Interestingly, compound 35 suppressed the functional activity of ERα in the uterus, as demonstrated by the inhibition of E2-stimulated transcription of estrogen and progesterone receptors and alkaline phosphatase enzymatic activity. Compound 35 showed a relatively low binding affinity with ERα. However, its antiestrogenic effect was associated with an increased polyubiquitination and a reduced protein expression of ERα. Clinically relevant, a possible combinatory therapy with compound 35 may enhance the antitumoral efficacy of 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen in ER-positive breast cancer cells. In silico ADME predictions indicated that these compounds exhibit good drug-likeness, which, together with their potential antitumoral effects and their lack of estrogenic activity, offers a pharmacological opportunity to deepen the study of ER-positive breast cancer treatment.
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Xu XL, Deng SL, Lian ZX, Yu K. Estrogen Receptors in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020459. [PMID: 33669960 PMCID: PMC7924872 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Female infertility is mainly caused by ovulation disorders, which affect female reproduction and pregnancy worldwide, with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) being the most prevalent of these. PCOS is a frequent endocrine disease that is associated with abnormal function of the female sex hormone estrogen and estrogen receptors (ERs). Estrogens mediate genomic effects through ERα and ERβ in target tissues. The G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) has recently been described as mediating the non-genomic signaling of estrogen. Changes in estrogen receptor signaling pathways affect cellular activities, such as ovulation; cell cycle phase; and cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Over the years, some selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have made substantial strides in clinical applications for subfertility with PCOS, such as tamoxifen and clomiphene, however the role of ER in PCOS still needs to be understood. This article focuses on the recent progress in PCOS caused by the abnormal expression of estrogen and ERs in the ovaries and uterus, and the clinical application of related targeted small-molecule drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ling Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Shou-Long Deng
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100021, China;
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zheng-Xing Lian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.-X.L.); (K.Y.)
| | - Kun Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.-X.L.); (K.Y.)
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Luque-Bolivar A, Pérez-Mora E, Villegas VE, Rondón-Lagos M. Resistance and Overcoming Resistance in Breast Cancer. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2020; 12:211-229. [PMID: 33204149 PMCID: PMC7666993 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s270799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of breast cancer (BC) have increased in recent years, and BC is the main cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. One of the most significant clinical problems in the treatment of patients with BC is the development of therapeutic resistance. Therefore, elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved in drug resistance is critical. The therapeutic decision for the management of patients with BC is based not only on the assessment of prognostic factors but also on the evaluation of clinical and pathological parameters. Although this has been a successful approach, some patients relapse and/or eventually develop resistance to treatment. This review is focused on recent studies on the possible biological and molecular mechanisms involved in both response and resistance to treatment in BC. Additionally, emerging treatments that seek to overcome resistance and reduce side effects are also described. A greater understanding of the mechanisms of action of treatments used in BC might contribute not only to the enhancement of our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development of resistance but also to the optimization of the existing treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Luque-Bolivar
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja 150003, Colombia
| | - Erika Pérez-Mora
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja 150003, Colombia
| | | | - Milena Rondón-Lagos
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja 150003, Colombia
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Gomes I, de Almeida BP, Dâmaso S, Mansinho A, Correia I, Henriques S, Cruz-Duarte R, Vilhais G, Félix P, Alves P, Corredeira P, Barbosa-Morais NL, Costa L, Casimiro S. Expression of receptor activator of NFkB (RANK) drives stemness and resistance to therapy in ER+HER2- breast cancer. Oncotarget 2020; 11:1714-1728. [PMID: 32477461 PMCID: PMC7233807 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of RANKL-RANK pathway in progesterone-driven mammary carcinogenesis and triple negative breast cancer tumorigenesis has been well characterized. However, and despite evidences of the existence of RANK-positive hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast tumors, the implication of RANK expression in HR-positive breast cancers has not been addressed before. Here, we report that RANK pathway affects the expression of cell cycle regulators and decreases sensitivity to fulvestrant of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive (ER+)/HER2- breast cancer cells, MCF-7 and T47D. Moreover, RANK overexpressing cells had a staminal and mesenchymal phenotype, with decreased proliferation rate and decreased susceptibility to chemotherapy, but were more invasive in vivo. In silico analysis of the transcriptome of human breast tumors, confirmed the association between RANK expression and stem cell and mesenchymal markers in ER+HER2- tumors. Importantly, exposure of ER+HER2- cells to continuous RANK pathway activation by exogenous RANKL, in vitro and in vivo, induced a negative feedback effect, independent of RANK levels, leading to the downregulation of HR and increased resistance to hormone therapy. These results suggest that ER+HER2- RANK-positive cells may constitute an important reservoir of slow cycling, therapy-resistance cancer cells; and that RANK pathway activation is deleterious in all ER+HER2- breast cancer cells, independently of RANK levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Gomes
- Luis Costa Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bernardo P. de Almeida
- Nuno Morais Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Current affiliation: Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Sara Dâmaso
- Serviço de Oncologia, Hospital de Santa Maria-CHULN, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - André Mansinho
- Luis Costa Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Serviço de Oncologia, Hospital de Santa Maria-CHULN, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês Correia
- Luis Costa Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Henriques
- Luis Costa Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Raquel Cruz-Duarte
- Luis Costa Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Guilherme Vilhais
- Luis Costa Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Félix
- Luis Costa Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Alves
- Luis Costa Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Corredeira
- Luis Costa Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno L. Barbosa-Morais
- Nuno Morais Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luis Costa
- Luis Costa Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Serviço de Oncologia, Hospital de Santa Maria-CHULN, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra Casimiro
- Luis Costa Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Nawas AF, Kanchwala M, Thomas-Jardin SE, Dahl H, Daescu K, Bautista M, Anunobi V, Wong A, Meade R, Mistry R, Ghatwai N, Bayerl F, Xing C, Delk NA. IL-1-conferred gene expression pattern in ERα + BCa and AR + PCa cells is intrinsic to ERα - BCa and AR - PCa cells and promotes cell survival. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:46. [PMID: 31959131 PMCID: PMC6971947 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-6529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast (BCa) and prostate (PCa) cancers are hormone receptor (HR)-driven cancers. Thus, BCa and PCa patients are given therapies that reduce hormone levels or directly block HR activity; but most patients eventually develop treatment resistance. We have previously reported that interleukin-1 (IL-1) inflammatory cytokine downregulates ERα and AR mRNA in HR-positive (HR+) BCa and PCa cell lines, yet the cells can remain viable. Additionally, we identified pro-survival proteins and processes upregulated by IL-1 in HR+ BCa and PCa cells, that are basally high in HR− BCa and PCa cells. Therefore, we hypothesize that IL-1 confers a conserved gene expression pattern in HR+ BCa and PCa cells that mimics conserved basal gene expression patterns in HR− BCa and PCa cells to promote HR-independent survival and tumorigenicity. Methods We performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) for HR+ BCa and PCa cell lines exposed to IL-1 and for untreated HR− BCa and PCa cell lines. We confirmed expression patterns of select genes by RT-qPCR and used siRNA and/or drug inhibition to silence select genes in the BCa and PCa cell lines. Finally, we performed Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and used the gene ontology web-based tool, GOrilla, to identify signaling pathways encoded by our RNA-seq data set. Results We identified 350 genes in common between BCa and PCa cells that are induced or repressed by IL-1 in HR+ cells that are, respectively, basally high or low in HR− cells. Among these genes, we identified Sequestome-1 (SQSTM1/p62) and SRY (Sex-Determining Region Y)-Box 9 (SOX9) to be essential for survival of HR− BCa and PCa cell lines. Analysis of publicly available data indicates that p62 and SOX9 expression are elevated in HR-independent BCa and PCa sublines generated in vitro, suggesting that p62 and SOX9 have a role in acquired hormone receptor independence and treatment resistance. We also assessed HR− cell line viability in response to the p62-targeting drug, verteporfin, and found that verteporfin is cytotoxic for HR− cell lines. Conclusions Our 350 gene set can be used to identify novel therapeutic targets and/or biomarkers conserved among acquired (e.g. due to inflammation) or intrinsic HR-independent BCa and PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshan F Nawas
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, FO-1, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Mohammed Kanchwala
- McDermott Center of Human Growth and Development, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Shayna E Thomas-Jardin
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, FO-1, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Haley Dahl
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, FO-1, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Kelly Daescu
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, FO-1, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Monica Bautista
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, FO-1, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Vanessa Anunobi
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, FO-1, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Ally Wong
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, FO-1, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Rachel Meade
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, FO-1, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Ragini Mistry
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, FO-1, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Nisha Ghatwai
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, FO-1, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Felix Bayerl
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, FO-1, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Chao Xing
- McDermott Center of Human Growth and Development, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.,Department of Bioinformatics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.,Department of Clinical Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Nikki A Delk
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, FO-1, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
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Dhanushkodi M, Vaikundaraja I, Radhakrishnan V, Kalaiarasi J, Mehra N, Rajan A, Selvarajan G, Kesana S, Ananthi B, Iyer P, Senguttuvan G, Rao M, Krishnamurthy A, Velusamy S, Raj H, Ranganathan R, Sundersingh S, Ganesarajah S, Ganesan T, Sagar T. Fulvestrant in hormone-positive advanced breast cancer: Real-world outcome. CANCER RESEARCH, STATISTICS, AND TREATMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/crst.crst_53_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Cheng J, Guo J, North BJ, Tao K, Zhou P, Wei W. The emerging role for Cullin 4 family of E3 ligases in tumorigenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1871:138-159. [PMID: 30602127 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As a member of the Cullin-RING ligase family, Cullin-RING ligase 4 (CRL4) has drawn much attention due to its broad regulatory roles under physiological and pathological conditions, especially in neoplastic events. Based on evidence from knockout and transgenic mouse models, human clinical data, and biochemical interactions, we summarize the distinct roles of the CRL4 E3 ligase complexes in tumorigenesis, which appears to be tissue- and context-dependent. Notably, targeting CRL4 has recently emerged as a noval anti-cancer strategy, including thalidomide and its derivatives that bind to the substrate recognition receptor cereblon (CRBN), and anticancer sulfonamides that target DCAF15 to suppress the neoplastic proliferation of multiple myeloma and colorectal cancers, respectively. To this end, PROTACs have been developed as a group of engineered bi-functional chemical glues that induce the ubiquitination-mediated degradation of substrates via recruiting E3 ligases, such as CRL4 (CRBN) and CRL2 (pVHL). We summarize the recent major advances in the CRL4 research field towards understanding its involvement in tumorigenesis and further discuss its clinical implications. The anti-tumor effects using the PROTAC approach to target the degradation of undruggable targets are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jianping Guo
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Brian J North
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Pengbo Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Patel HK, Bihani T. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs) in cancer treatment. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 186:1-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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11
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Potential biomarkers of CDK4/6 inhibitors in hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 168:287-297. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4612-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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