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Fayedeh F, Khorashadizadeh S, Yousefi M, Abbasifar S, Erfanian N, Rafiee M, Ghasemi F. CTLA-4 expression and polymorphisms in Schizophrenia; a systematic review of literature. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:431. [PMID: 38520576 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09299-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia constitutes a severe psychiatric disorder with detrimental impacts on individuals, their support systems, and the broader economy. Extensive research has revealed a notable association between variations in the Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) gene and an increased susceptibility to schizophrenia.This study represents the first systematic review of the literature investigating the impact of CTLA-4 polymorphisms and expression on the development and progression of schizophrenia.Our investigation involved a comprehensive search strategy, using a combination of title, abstract, and MESH terms in four databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, until August 29th, 2023. The complete texts of the identified records were obtained and rigorously assessed based on predefined exclusion and inclusion criteria. Out of the numerous records, a total of 88 were identified through the databases. 10 studies met the criteria; therefore, their quality was assessed and included in this systematic study. The records were then categorized into polymorphism and expression groups. Our investigation emphasizes an association between rs3087243, rs231779, rs231777, rs16840252, rs5742909, and rs231775 polymorphisms and the development of schizophrenia. The results demonstrate a correlation between CTLA-4 polymorphisms and schizophrenia, compelling the need for further research to thoroughly examine the role of CTLA-4 in schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Fayedeh
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Yousefi
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Sara Abbasifar
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Erfanian
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mitra Rafiee
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Immunology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
| | - Fahimeh Ghasemi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
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Miyamoto K, Funahashi Y, Yoshino Y, Kawabe K, Yamazaki K, Ozaki Y, Mori Y, Ochi S, Iga JI, Ueno SI. CTLA4 mRNA expression in blood is lower in schizophrenia, but not in affective disorders. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 52:102112. [PMID: 32371365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CTL-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) and its downstream signals compose an important mechanism that suppresses immune activity. Recent studies have shown that immune abnormalities are associated with the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (SCZ), but little research has been performed on the relevance of CTLA4 and SCZ. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between CTLA4 mRNA expression and SCZ. We examined the expression of CTLA4 mRNA in blood from patients with SCZ, bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD). We compared 50 SCZ subjects, 46 BD subjects, and 63 MDD subjects with age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to examine CTLA4 mRNA expression in peripheral blood using TaqMan probes. Levels of CTLA4 mRNA expression were significantly lower in patients with SCZ compared with HCs (p < 0.001), whereas no differences were found between affective disorder (BD and MDD) patients and HCs. We analyzed the correlation between CTLA4 mRNA expression and clinical parameters, but no significant correlation was found. The expression of CTLA4 mRNA was lower specifically in SCZ, suggesting that abnormal CTLA4 expression may be particularly related to the pathogenesis of SCZ. CTLA4 may be a useful diagnostic marker and a potential therapeutic target of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Miyamoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yu Funahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yuta Yoshino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kawabe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Kiyohiro Yamazaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yuki Ozaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yoko Mori
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ochi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Iga
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.
| | - Shu-Ichi Ueno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
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Sumirtanurdin R, Laksono JP, Dania H, Ramadhani FN, Perwitasari DA, Abdulah R, Barliana MI. Single-nucleotide Polymorphism of CTLA-4 (rs5742909) in Correlation with Schizophrenia Risk Factor. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2020; 11:S605-S610. [PMID: 32148371 PMCID: PMC7020830 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_215_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cytotoxic T protein lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) plays a key role in regulating the T-cell system, where occurrence of disturbances in the system seen by imbalances in Th1 and Th2 levels is believed to be one of the etiologies of schizophrenia. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at rs5742909 in the CTLA-4 gene (C→T) might affect the expression level of CTLA-4 protein. Aims and Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the genotype distribution of the CTLA-4 gene (rs5742909) in patients with schizophrenia at Rumah Sakit Jiwa Prof. Dr. Soerojo Magelang and identify the correlation of these genetic polymorphisms as the risk factors of schizophrenia. Materials and Methods This research was conducted through the stage of submitting ethical approval, primer design, chromosomal DNA isolation, optimization of polymerase chain reaction conditions, and data analysis. Results Based on the results of the study, the CC genotype was shown in 36 patients (78.26%), TT genotype in 10 patients (21.73%), and no TT genotypes. However, statistical analysis using Fisher's exact and binary logistic regression statistical test showed no significant relationship between genetic polymorphism of the CTLA-4 rs5742909 against risk factors for schizophrenia (P = 0.05; α = 5%). Conclusion SNP at rs5742909, C-to-T-allele transition, was not significant associated with the risk of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyadi Sumirtanurdin
- Department of Biological Pharmacy, Biotechnology Pharmacy Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - James P Laksono
- Department of Biological Pharmacy, Biotechnology Pharmacy Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Haafizah Dania
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.,Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fitri N Ramadhani
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Dyah A Perwitasari
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rizky Abdulah
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.,Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Melisa I Barliana
- Department of Biological Pharmacy, Biotechnology Pharmacy Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.,Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
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Schizophrenia among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: population-based cross-sectional study. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2017; 26:424-429. [PMID: 27457404 PMCID: PMC6998678 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796016000561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic autoimmune disease involving multiple organs, including the central nervous system. Evidence of immune dysfunction exists also in schizophrenia, a psychiatric illness involving chronic or recurrent psychosis. The aim of our study was to investigate if there is an epidemiological association between SLE and schizophrenia. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted comparing patients with SLE with age and gender-matched controls regarding the proportion of patients with comorbid schizophrenia. χ 2- and t-tests were used for univariate analysis, and interaction of schizophrenia with SLE across strata of covariates was checked. A logistic regression model was used for multivariate analysis. The study was performed utilising the medical database of Clalit Health Services in Israel. RESULTS The study included 5018 patients with SLE and 25 090 controls. SLE patients had a female predominance, and a higher proportion of smoking compared with age and sex-matched controls. In multivariate analysis, SLE was found to be independently associated with schizophrenia while controlling for age, gender, socioeconomic status (SES) and smoking (OR 1.33, p = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS We found a positive association between SLE and schizophrenia across patients of different age, gender and SES. This association can contribute to understanding the pathophysiology of the two disorders and may also have clinical implications for earlier as well as better diagnosis and treatment.
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Frydecka D, Beszłej JA, Pawlak-Adamska E, Misiak B, Karabon L, Tomkiewicz A, Partyka A, Jonkisz A, Szewczuk-Bogusławska M, Zawadzki M, Kiejna A. CTLA4 and CD28 Gene Polymorphisms with Respect to Affective Symptom Domain in Schizophrenia. Neuropsychobiology 2016; 71:158-67. [PMID: 25998553 DOI: 10.1159/000379751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence indicates that immune alterations in schizophrenia are due to genetic underpinnings. Here, we aimed at investigating whether polymorphisms in CTLA4 and CD28 genes, encoding molecules that regulate T-cell activity, influence schizophrenia symptomatology. METHOD We recruited 120 schizophrenia patients and 380 healthy age- and sex-matched controls. We divided the patients into two groups: one with no co-occurrence between psychotic and affective symptoms and the second one with psychotic symptoms dominating in the clinical manifestation, although also with occasional affective disturbances in the course of illness. RESULTS Among the patients with co-occurring affective symptoms, there were significantly more CTLA4 c.49A>G[A] alleles (p = 0.018, odds ratio (OR) 2.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-3.66) and more CTLA4 g.319C>T[T] alleles (p = 0.07, OR 1.93, 95% CI 0.94-4.13) in comparison to the second group. Additionally, we have shown that CD28 c.17 + 3T>C[C+] were more significantly overrepresented among patients with co-occurring psychotic and affective symptoms (p = 0.0003, OR 3.36, 95% CI 1.69-6.68) than in patients without co-occurence between these symptoms (p = 0.012, OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.15-3.10). CONCLUSION CTLA4 and CD28 gene polymorphisms may not only act in immune deregulation observed in schizophrenia, but may also influence the course of the illness by modifying the susceptibility to the co-occurrence of psychotic and affective symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Frydecka
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Altered expression of mRNA profiles in blood of early-onset schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2016; 6:16767. [PMID: 26733343 PMCID: PMC4702094 DOI: 10.1038/srep16767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify gene expression abnormalities in schizophrenia (SZ), we generated whole-genome gene expression profiles using microarrays on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 18 early-onset SZ cases and 12 controls. We detected 84 transcripts differentially expressed by diagnostic status, with 82 genes being upregulated and 2 downregulated. We identified two SZ associated gene coexpression modules (green and red), including 446 genes . The green module is positively correlated with SZ, encompassing predominantly up-regulated genes in SZ; while the red module was negatively correlated with disease status, involving mostly nominally down-regulated genes in SZ. The olfactory transduction pathway was the most enriched pathways for the genes within the two modules. The expression levels of several hub genes, including AKT1, BRCA1, CCDC134, UBD, and ZIC2 were validated using real-time quantitative PCR. Our findings indicate that mRNA coexpression abnormalities may serve as a promising mechanism underlying the development of SZ.
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Refining and integrating schizophrenia pathophysiology – Relevance of the allostatic load concept. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 45:183-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Evaluation of polymorphism, hypermethylation and expression pattern of CTLA4 gene in a sample of Iranian patients with schizophrenia. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:5123-8. [PMID: 23666060 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2614-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 gene (CTLA4) has a crucial role in regulation of T cell proliferation and mediates T cell apoptosis by encoding the T cell receptor. Schizophrenia (SCZ) patients often have abnormalities in terms of the function and development of the immune system. The aim of the present study was to investigate promoter variation and expression profile of the CTLA4 gene in patients with SCZ. We isolated genomic DNA from peripheral blood of 94 individuals with SCZ and 99 healthy control subjects. Genotypic analysis of CTLA4 (-318) was done by Tetra-ARMS-PCR. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR) was used to estimate promoter hypermethylation of the CTLA4 gene. In addition, we investigated CTLA4 mRNA levels in 34 blood samples from cases and healthy controls using real-time reverse transcription PCR. The CT genotype of CTLA4 has a significantly protective effect on the risk to SCZ (OR=0.44; 95% CI 0.18-1.06, P=0.007) in comparison with the wild CC genotype. Promoter methylation of the CTLA4 gene increased the risk of disease statistically (OR=3.82, 95% CI 1.34-10.9, P=0.015) in cases when compared to healthy controls in blood samples. The mRNA expression level results showed statistically significant differences (P<0.0001) between cases (n=17) and healthy controls (n=17). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evidence showing that promoter methylation of the CTLA4 gene along with transition of C to T was linked to a significantly higher expression of CTLA4 mRNA levels in patients with SCZ.
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Liu CP, Jiang JA, Wang T, Liu XM, Gao L, Zhu RR, Shen Y, Wu M, Xu T, Zhang XG. CTLA-4 and CD86 genetic variants and haplotypes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in southeastern China. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2013; 12:1373-82. [DOI: 10.4238/2013.april.25.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Crespi BJ, Thiselton DL. Comparative immunogenetics of autism and schizophrenia. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2011; 10:689-701. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2011.00710.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Liu J, Li J, Li T, Wang T, Li Y, Zeng Z, Li Z, Chen P, Hu Z, Zheng L, Ji J, Lin H, Feng G, Shi Y. CTLA-4 confers a risk of recurrent schizophrenia, major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder in the Chinese Han population. Brain Behav Immun 2011; 25:429-33. [PMID: 21040781 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2010.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) gene, which is related to immunological function such as T-cell regulation, is associated with psychiatric disorders. In this study, we studied the relationship between CTLA-4 and three major psychiatric disorders, schizophrenia, major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder in the Chinese Han population. We recruited 1140 schizophrenia patients, 1140 major depressive disorder patients, 1140 bipolar disorder patients, and 1140 normal controls to examine the risk conferred by 6 tag SNPs (rs231777, rs231775, rs231779, rs3087243, rs5742909, rs16840252) in the CTLA-4 gene. We found that rs231779 conferred a risk for schizophrenia (P(allele)=0.0003, P(genotype)=0.0016), major depressive disorder (P(allele)=0.0006, P(genotype)=0.0026) and bipolar disorder (P(allele)=0.0004, P(genotype)=0.0018). In addition, rs231777 and rs16840252 had a significant association with schizophrenia (rs231777: P(allele)=0.0201, rs16840252: P(allele)=0.0081, P(genotype)=0.0117), and rs231777 had significant association with bipolar disorder (rs231777: P(allele)=0.0199). However, after 10,000 permutations, only rs231779 remained significant (schizophrenia: P(allele)=0.0010, P(genotype)=0.0145, major depressive disorder: P(allele)=0.0010, P(genotype)=0.0201, bipolar disorder: P(allele)=0.0008, P(genotype)=0.0125). Our results suggest that shared common risk factors for schizophrenia, major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder exist in the CTLA-4 gene in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Bio-X Center, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, PR China
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CTLA4 and CD86 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Hum Immunol 2010; 71:1141-6. [PMID: 20732370 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2010] [Revised: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may be related to chronic inflammation and immune-mediated conditions, and its pathogenesis involves T-cell activation and proliferation. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and costimulatory molecules (CD80/CD86) genes are important mediators of T-cell activation in the immune response. The aim of this study was to investigate whether +2379G/C (rs17281995) and +1057G/A (rs1129055) in CD86 and -318C/T (rs5742909) and +49A/G (rs231775) in CTLA-4 genes single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with COPD in a Chinese population. The four polymorphisms were identified in 396 COPD patients and 400 controls using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The frequency of the T allele of the -318C/T in CTLA-4 and the A allele of the +1057G/A in CD86 polymorphisms showed significant association with COPD when compared with controls (T allele: p < 0.0001; A allele: p = 0.009). Comparison of genotype frequencies showed that -318CT, +1057GA, and +1057AA genotype was overrepresented in the COPD group, respectively (-318CT: 50.8% vs 28.5%, p < 0.0001; +1057GA: 58.6% vs 54.2%, p = 0.002; +1057AA: 30.1% vs 25.8%, p = 0.002). However, we failed to find any association between the four SNPs and COPD when cases were classified by smoking status or clinical stages (p > 0.05). The results indicate that the polymorphisms of CTLA-4 (-318C/T) and CD86 (+1057G/A) may be important genetic factor associated with risk or protection for COPD in Chinese population.
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