1
|
Bhat AA, Gupta G, Afzal O, Kazmi I, Al-Abbasi FA, Alfawaz Altamimi AS, Almalki WH, Alzarea SI, Singh SK, Dua K. Neuropharmacological effect of risperidone: From chemistry to medicine. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 369:110296. [PMID: 36496108 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As the second-oldest atypical antipsychotic, risperidone has a long history of off-label usage for treating behavioural and psychological signs and symptoms of dementia (BPSD), such as agitation, aggressiveness, and psychosis. Risperidone has been shown in several trials to have a statistically significant benefit when used in a therapeutic context. Several lines of evidence suggest a possible role of risperidone via the antagonistic effect of Dopamine D2 and 5HT-receptor in different neurological diseases like cognitive dysfunction of schizophrenia, neuroinflammation, Huntington's disease, and sleep cycle management. Therefore, the pharmacological interactions of risperidone in all these diseases were investigated. Some reports on the use of risperidone in the treatment of dopaminergic psychosis have been slightly conflicting. However, more research is needed to evaluate the role of risperidone in the treatment of these neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asif Ahmad Bhat
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, 302017, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, 302017, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India; Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India.
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tendilla-Beltrán H, Sanchez-Islas NDC, Marina-Ramos M, Leza JC, Flores G. The prefrontal cortex as a target for atypical antipsychotics in schizophrenia, lessons of neurodevelopmental animal models. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 199:101967. [PMID: 33271238 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prefrontal cortex (PFC) inflammatory imbalance, oxidative/nitrosative stress (O/NS) and impaired neuroplasticity in schizophrenia are thought to have neurodevelopmental origins. Animal models are not only useful to test this hypothesis, they are also effective to establish a relationship among brain disturbances and behavior with the atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) effects. Here we review data of PFC post-mortem and in vivo neuroimaging, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC), and peripheral blood studies of inflammatory, O/NS, and neuroplasticity alterations in the disease as well as about their modulation by AAPs. Moreover, we reviewed the PFC alterations and the AAP mechanisms beyond their canonical antipsychotic action in four neurodevelopmental animal models relevant to the study of schizophrenia with a distinct approach in the generation of schizophrenia-like phenotypes, but all converge in O/NS and altered neuroplasticity in the PFC. These animal models not only reinforce the neurodevelopmental risk factor model of schizophrenia but also arouse some novel potential therapeutic targets for the disease including the reestablishment of the antioxidant response by the perineuronal nets (PNNs) and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) pathway, as well as the dendritic spine dynamics in the PFC pyramidal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiram Tendilla-Beltrán
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico; Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), CDMX, Mexico
| | | | - Mauricio Marina-Ramos
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Juan C Leza
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), UCM. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Luo C, Wang X, Mao X, Huang H, Liu Y, Zhao J, Zhou H, Liu Z, Li X. Metformin attenuates antipsychotic-induced metabolic dysfunctions in MK801-induced schizophrenia-like rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:2257-2277. [PMID: 32588080 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05524-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Second-generation antipsychotics are the first-line medications prescribed for schizophrenic patients; however, some of them, such as olanzapine and risperidone, may induce metabolic dysfunctions during short-term treatment. Metformin is an effective adjuvant that attenuates antipsychotic-induced metabolic dysfunctions (AIMD) in clinical practice. Whether metformin can reverse AIMD and whether metformin affects the therapeutic effects of antipsychotics in animal models of schizophrenia are questions that still need to be investigated. METHODS In this study, an animal model of schizophrenia was established by consecutive injections of MK801 during the neurodevelopmental period. In adulthood, different dosages of olanzapine or risperidone treatment were administered to the schizophrenia model animals for 14 days. Both therapeutic effects and metabolic adverse effects were measured by behavioral tests, histopathological tests, and biochemical tests. The coadministration of different doses of metformin with olanzapine or risperidone was used to evaluate the effects of metformin on both AIMD and the therapeutic effect of those antipsychotics. RESULTS The MK801-treated rats showed schizophrenia-like behavior and variations in the shape and volume of the hippocampus. Both olanzapine and risperidone reversed the MK801-induced behavioral abnormalities as the dosage increased; however, they degenerated the hepatocytes in the liver and influenced the blood lipid levels and blood glucose levels. The coadministration of metformin did not affect the therapeutic effects of olanzapine or risperidone on behavioral abnormalities but attenuated the metabolic dysfunctions induced by those antipsychotics. CONCLUSION Metformin attenuated the olanzapine- and risperidone-induced metabolic dysfunctions in MK801-induced schizophrenia-like rats without reducing the therapeutic effects of the antipsychotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Luo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, 410078, China
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Mao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Hanxue Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Jingping Zhao
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, No. 139, Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Honghao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Zhaoqian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, 410078, China.
| | - Xiangping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Risperidone Ameliorates Prefrontal Cortex Neural Atrophy and Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress in Brain and Peripheral Blood of Rats with Neonatal Ventral Hippocampus Lesion. J Neurosci 2019; 39:8584-8599. [PMID: 31519825 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1249-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduction of the dendritic arbor length and the lack of dendritic spines in the pyramidal cells of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are prevalent pathological features in schizophrenia (SZ). Neonatal ventral hippocampus lesion (NVHL) in male rats reproduces these neuronal characteristics and here we describe how this is a consequence of BDNF/TrkB pathway disruption. Moreover, COX-2 proinflammatory state, as well as Nrf-2 antioxidant impairment, triggers oxidative/nitrosative stress, which also contributes to dendritic spine impairments in the PFC. Interestingly, oxidative/nitrosative stress was also detected in the periphery of NVHL animals. Furthermore, risperidone treatment had a neurotrophic effect on the PFC and antioxidant effects on the brain and periphery of NVHL animals; these cellular effects were related to behavioral improvement. Our data highlight the link between brain development and immune response, as well as several other factors to understand mechanisms related to the pathophysiology of SZ.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Prefrontal cortex dysfunction in schizophrenia can be a consequence of morphological abnormalities and oxidative/nitrosative stress, among others. Here, we detailed how impaired plasticity-related pathways and oxidative/nitrosative stress are part of the dendritic spine pathology and their modulation by atypical antipsychotic risperidone treatment in rats with neonatal ventral hippocampus lesion. Moreover, we found that animals with neonatal ventral hippocampus lesion had oxidative/nitrosative stress in the brain as well as in the peripheral blood, an important issue for the translational approaches of this model. Then, risperidone restored plasticity and reduced oxidative/nitrosative stress of prefrontal cortex pyramidal cells, and ultimately improved the behavior of lesioned animals. Moreover, risperidone had differential effects than the brain on peripheral blood oxidative/nitrosative stress.
Collapse
|
5
|
Neonatal ventral hippocampus lesion changes nuclear restricted protein/brain (NRP/B) expression in hippocampus, cortex and striatum in developmental periods of rats. Neuroscience 2016; 319:59-68. [PMID: 26812035 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is conceptualized as a neurodevelopmental disorder in which developmental alterations in immature brain systems are not clear. Rats with neonatal ventral hippocampal lesions (NVHL) can exhibit schizophrenia-like behaviors, and these rats have been widely used to study the developmental mechanisms of schizophrenia. The nuclear restricted protein/brain (NRP/B) is a nuclear matrix protein that is critical for the normal development of the neuronal system. This study assessed the effect of NVHL induced by the administration of ibotenic acid on the protein expression of NRP/B in the hippocampus, cortex and striatum in pre- and post-pubertal rats. The expressions of NeuN in various developmental periods were assessed accordingly. Sprague-Dawley rat pups were administered ibotenic acid at postnatal day (PD) 7. Western blotting and an immunofluorescence staining analysis showed that the expression of NRP/B was significantly decreased in the hippocampus, cortex and striatum of the NVHL rats at PD14, 28 and 42. The expressions of NeuN were decreased accordingly. In vitro experiment showed the NRP/B knockdown can decrease the Tuj1 expression in cultured cortical neurons. The data suggest that NVHL induces a change in NRP/B expression that affects neurons in the developmental period.
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Despite a lack of recent progress in the treatment of schizophrenia, our understanding of its genetic and environmental causes has considerably improved, and their relationship to aberrant patterns of neurodevelopment has become clearer. This raises the possibility that 'disease-modifying' strategies could alter the course to - and of - this debilitating disorder, rather than simply alleviating symptoms. A promising window for course-altering intervention is around the time of the first episode of psychosis, especially in young people at risk of transition to schizophrenia. Indeed, studies performed in both individuals at risk of developing schizophrenia and rodent models for schizophrenia suggest that pre-diagnostic pharmacotherapy and psychosocial or cognitive-behavioural interventions can delay or moderate the emergence of psychosis. Of particular interest are 'hybrid' strategies that both relieve presenting symptoms and reduce the risk of transition to schizophrenia or another psychiatric disorder. This Review aims to provide a broad-based consideration of the challenges and opportunities inherent in efforts to alter the course of schizophrenia.
Collapse
|
7
|
Greater clinical and cognitive improvement with clozapine and risperidone associated with a thinner cortex at baseline in first-episode schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2014; 158:223-9. [PMID: 25088730 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cortical thickness may be useful as a treatment response predictor in first-episode (FE) patients with schizophrenia, although this possibility has been scarcely assessed. In this study we assessed the possible relation between cortical thickness in regions of interest selected because of previously reported structural alterations in schizophrenia and clinical and cognitive changes after two years of treatment with risperidone or clozapine in 31 neuroleptic-naïve FE patients with schizophrenia (16 of them treated with clozapine and 15 with risperidone). Using the last-observation-carried-forward (LOCF), a larger improvement in positive, negative and total symptoms was predicted by the amount of baseline cortical thinning in the right prefrontal cortex (pars orbitalis). After two years of treatment, cognitive status was reassessed in the 17 patients (11 on clozapine) who had not dropped out. Working memory improvement after reassessment was associated with a greater baseline cortical thinning in the left prefrontal cortex (pars orbitalis), and verbal memory improvement with a greater baseline cortical thinning in the left pars triangularis. Significant but weak cortical thickness decrease from baseline to follow-up was observed in patients in comparison to controls (left pars triangularis and opercularis, and left caudal middle frontal areas). These results may support a positive predictive role for cortical thinning in the frontal region with regard to clinical and cognitive improvement with clozapine and risperidone in FE patients with schizophrenia.
Collapse
|
8
|
Gómez-Nieto R, Horta-Júnior JDAC, Castellano O, Millian-Morell L, Rubio ME, López DE. Origin and function of short-latency inputs to the neural substrates underlying the acoustic startle reflex. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:216. [PMID: 25120419 PMCID: PMC4110630 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The acoustic startle reflex (ASR) is a survival mechanism of alarm, which rapidly alerts the organism to a sudden loud auditory stimulus. In rats, the primary ASR circuit encompasses three serially connected structures: cochlear root neurons (CRNs), neurons in the caudal pontine reticular nucleus (PnC), and motoneurons in the medulla and spinal cord. It is well-established that both CRNs and PnC neurons receive short-latency auditory inputs to mediate the ASR. Here, we investigated the anatomical origin and functional role of these inputs using a multidisciplinary approach that combines morphological, electrophysiological and behavioral techniques. Anterograde tracer injections into the cochlea suggest that CRNs somata and dendrites receive inputs depending, respectively, on their basal or apical cochlear origin. Confocal colocalization experiments demonstrated that these cochlear inputs are immunopositive for the vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1). Using extracellular recordings in vivo followed by subsequent tracer injections, we investigated the response of PnC neurons after contra-, ipsi-, and bilateral acoustic stimulation and identified the source of their auditory afferents. Our results showed that the binaural firing rate of PnC neurons was higher than the monaural, exhibiting higher spike discharges with contralateral than ipsilateral acoustic stimulations. Our histological analysis confirmed the CRNs as the principal source of short-latency acoustic inputs, and indicated that other areas of the cochlear nucleus complex are not likely to innervate PnC. Behaviorally, we observed a strong reduction of ASR amplitude in monaural earplugged rats that corresponds with the binaural summation process shown in our electrophysiological findings. Our study contributes to understand better the role of neuronal mechanisms in auditory alerting behaviors and provides strong evidence that the CRNs-PnC pathway mediates fast neurotransmission and binaural summation of the ASR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Gómez-Nieto
- Neuroscience Institute of Castilla y León, University of Salamanca Salamanca, Spain ; Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, University of Salamanca Salamanca, Spain ; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca Salamanca, Spain
| | - José de Anchieta C Horta-Júnior
- Neuroscience Institute of Castilla y León, University of Salamanca Salamanca, Spain ; Department of Anatomy, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University Botucatu São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Orlando Castellano
- Neuroscience Institute of Castilla y León, University of Salamanca Salamanca, Spain ; Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, University of Salamanca Salamanca, Spain ; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca Salamanca, Spain
| | - Lymarie Millian-Morell
- Neuroscience Institute of Castilla y León, University of Salamanca Salamanca, Spain ; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria E Rubio
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dolores E López
- Neuroscience Institute of Castilla y León, University of Salamanca Salamanca, Spain ; Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, University of Salamanca Salamanca, Spain ; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca Salamanca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yan BC, Park JH, Ahn JH, Kim IH, Park OK, Lee JC, Yoo KY, Choi JH, Lee CH, Hwang IK, Park JH, Her S, Kim JS, Shin HC, Cho JH, Kim YM, Kwon SH, Won MH. Neuroprotection of posttreatment with risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic drug, in rat and gerbil models of ischemic stroke and the maintenance of antioxidants in a gerbil model of ischemic stroke. J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:795-807. [PMID: 24481585 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic drug, has been discovered to have some beneficial effects beyond its original effectiveness. The present study examines the neuroprotective effects of risperidone against ischemic damage in the rat and gerbil induced by transient focal and global cerebral ischemia, respectively. The results showed that pre- and posttreatment with 4 mg/kg risperidone significantly protected against neuronal death from ischemic injury. Many NeuN-immunoreactive neurons and a few F-J B-positive cells were found in the rat cerebral cortex and gerbil hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) in the risperidone-treated ischemia groups compared with those in the vehicle-treated ischemia group. In addition, treatment with risperidone markedly attenuated the activation of microglia in the gerbil CA1. On the other hand, we found that treatment with risperidone significantly maintained the antioxidants levels in the ischemic gerbil CA1. Immunoreactivities of superoxide dismutases 1 and 2, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were maintained in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1; the antioxidants were very different from those in the vehicle-treated ischemia groups. In brief, our present findings indicate that posttreatment as well as pretreatment with risperidone can protect neurons in the rat cerebral cortex and gerbils CA1 from transient cerebral ischemic injury and that the neuroprotective effect of risperidone may be related to attenuation of microglial activation as well as maintenance of antioxidants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Chun Yan
- Department of Integrative Traditional and Western Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|