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Lacoursiere SG, McAllister BB, Hadikin C, Tschetter WW, Lehmann H, Sutherland RJ. Hippocampal damage causes retrograde amnesia for objects' visual, but not odour, properties in male rats. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:3618-3629. [PMID: 37723853 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Damage to the hippocampus produces profound retrograde amnesia, but odour and object discrimination memories can be spared in the retrograde direction. Prior lesion studies testing retrograde amnesia for object/odour discriminations are problematic due to sparing of large parts of the hippocampus, which may support memory recall, and/or the presence of uncontrolled, distinctive odours that may support object discrimination. To address these issues, we used a simple object discrimination test to assess memory in male rats. Two visually distinct objects, paired with distinct odour cues, were presented. One object was associated with a reward. Following training, neurotoxic hippocampal lesions were made using N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). The rats were then tested on the preoperatively learned object discrimination problem, with and without the availability of odour or visual cues during testing. The rats were also postoperatively trained on a new object discrimination problem. Lesion sizes ranged from 67% to 97% of the hippocampus (average of 87%). On the preoperatively learned discrimination problem, the rats with hippocampal lesions showed preserved object discrimination memory when tested in the dark (i.e., without visual cues) but not when the explicit odour cues were removed from the objects. Hippocampal lesions increased the number of trials required to reach criterion but did not prevent rats from solving the postoperatively learned discrimination problem. Our results support the idea that long-term memories for odours, unlike recall of visual properties of objects, do not depend on the hippocampus in rats, consistent with previous observations that hippocampal damage does not cause retrograde amnesia for odour memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean G Lacoursiere
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, The University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brendan B McAllister
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, The University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Crystal Hadikin
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, The University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
- Canadian School of Natural Nutrition, Sooke, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wayne W Tschetter
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, The University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Hugo Lehmann
- Department of Psychology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert J Sutherland
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, The University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
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2
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Duszkiewicz AJ, Rossato JI, Moreno A, Takeuchi T, Yamasaki M, Genzel L, Spooner P, Canals S, Morris RGM. Execution of new trajectories toward a stable goal without a functional hippocampus. Hippocampus 2023; 33:769-786. [PMID: 36798045 PMCID: PMC10946713 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampus is a critical component of a mammalian spatial navigation system, with the firing sequences of hippocampal place cells during sleep or immobility constituting a "replay" of an animal's past trajectories. A novel spatial navigation task recently revealed that such "replay" sequences of place fields can also prospectively map onto imminent new paths to a goal that occupies a stable location during each session. It was hypothesized that such "prospective replay" sequences may play a causal role in goal-directed navigation. In the present study, we query this putative causal role in finding only minimal effects of muscimol-induced inactivation of the dorsal and intermediate hippocampus on the same spatial navigation task. The concentration of muscimol used demonstrably inhibited hippocampal cell firing in vivo and caused a severe deficit in a hippocampal-dependent "episodic-like" spatial memory task in a watermaze. These findings call into question whether "prospective replay" of an imminent and direct path is actually necessary for its execution in certain navigational tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian J. Duszkiewicz
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh NeuroscienceUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of StirlingStirlingScotlandUK
| | - Janine I. Rossato
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh NeuroscienceUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Department of PhysiologyUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do NorteRio Grande do NorteBrazil
| | - Andrea Moreno
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh NeuroscienceUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Instituto de Neurociencias, CSIC‐UMHSan Juan de AlicanteSpain
- Department of Biomedicine, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE)Aarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Tomonori Takeuchi
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh NeuroscienceUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Department of Biomedicine, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE)Aarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Miwako Yamasaki
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Lisa Genzel
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh NeuroscienceUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and BehaviourRadboud University and RadboudumcNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Patrick Spooner
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh NeuroscienceUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Santiago Canals
- Instituto de Neurociencias, CSIC‐UMHSan Juan de AlicanteSpain
| | - Richard G. M. Morris
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh NeuroscienceUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Instituto de Neurociencias, CSIC‐UMHSan Juan de AlicanteSpain
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3
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Adkins JM, Halcomb CJ, Rogers D, Jasnow AM. Stress and sex-dependent effects on conditioned inhibition of fear. Learn Mem 2022; 29:246-255. [PMID: 36206391 PMCID: PMC9488025 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053508.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety and stress-related disorders are highly prevalent and are characterized by excessive fear to threatening and nonthreatening stimuli. Moreover, there is a large sex bias in vulnerability to anxiety and stress-related disorders-women make up a disproportionately larger number of affected individuals compared with men. Growing evidence suggests that an impaired ability to suppress fear in the presence of safety signals may in part contribute to the development and maintenance of many anxiety and stress-related disorders. However, the sex-dependent impact of stress on conditioned inhibition of fear remains unclear. The present study investigated sex differences in the acquisition and recall of conditioned inhibition in male and female mice with a focus on understanding how stress impacts fear suppression. In these experiments, the training context served as the "fear" cue and an explicit tone served as the "safety" cue. Here, we found a possible sex difference in the training requirements for safety learning, although this effect was not consistent across experiments. Reductions in freezing to the safety cue in female mice were also not due to alternative fear behavior expression such as darting. Next, using footshock as a stressor, we found that males were impaired in conditioned inhibition of freezing when the stress was experienced before, but not after, conditioned inhibition training. Females were unaffected by footshock stress when it was administered at either time. Extended conditioned inhibition training in males eliminated the deficit produced by footshock stress. Finally, exposing male and female mice to swim stress impaired safety learning in male mice only. Thus, we found sex × stress interactions in the learning of conditioned inhibition and sex-dependent effects of stress modality. The present study adds to the growing literature on sex differences in safety learning, which will be critical for developing sex-specific therapies for a variety of fear-related disorders that involve excessive fear and/or impaired fear inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Adkins
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA
| | - Carly J Halcomb
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29209, USA
| | - Danielle Rogers
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA
| | - Aaron M Jasnow
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29209, USA
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4
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Zheng Y, Tao S, Liu Y, Liu J, Sun L, Zheng Y, Tian Y, Su P, Zhu X, Xu F. Basal Forebrain-Dorsal Hippocampus Cholinergic Circuit Regulates Olfactory Associative Learning. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158472. [PMID: 35955605 PMCID: PMC9368792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The basal forebrain, an anatomically heterogeneous brain area containing multiple distinct subregions and neuronal populations, innervates many brain regions including the hippocampus (HIP), a key brain region responsible for learning and memory. Although recent studies have revealed that basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) are involved in olfactory associative learning and memory, the potential neural circuit is not clearly dissected yet. Here, using an anterograde monosynaptic tracing strategy, we revealed that BFCNs in different subregions projected to many brain areas, but with significant differentiations. Our rabies virus retrograde tracing results found that the dorsal HIP (dHIP) received heavy projections from the cholinergic neurons in the nucleus of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band (HDB), magnocellular preoptic nucleus (MCPO), and substantia innominate (SI) brain regions, which are known as the HMS complex (HMSc). Functionally, fiber photometry showed that cholinergic neurons in the HMSc were significantly activated in odor-cued go/no-go discrimination tasks. Moreover, specific depletion of the HMSc cholinergic neurons innervating the dHIP significantly decreased the performance accuracies in odor-cued go/no-go discrimination tasks. Taken together, these studies provided detailed information about the projections of different BFCN subpopulations and revealed that the HMSc-dHIP cholinergic circuit plays a crucial role in regulating olfactory associative learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwei Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; (Y.Z.); (L.S.); (Y.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (S.T.); (Y.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Sijue Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (S.T.); (Y.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (S.T.); (Y.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.L.); (P.S.)
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liping Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; (Y.Z.); (L.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yawen Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; (Y.Z.); (L.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (S.T.); (Y.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Peng Su
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Xutao Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.L.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (F.X.)
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (S.T.); (Y.L.); (Y.T.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.L.); (P.S.)
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (F.X.)
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5
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O'Leary TP, Brown RE. Visuo-spatial learning and memory impairments in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease: Effects of age, sex, albinism, and motor impairments. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 21:e12794. [PMID: 35238473 PMCID: PMC9744519 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) rapidly develops AD-related neuro-behavioral pathology. Learning and memory impairments in 5xFAD mice, however, are not always replicated and the size of impairments varies considerably across studies. To examine possible sources of this variability, we analyzed the effects of age, sex, albinism due to background genes (Tyrc , Oca2p ) and motor impairment on learning and memory performance of wild type and 5xFAD mice on the Morris water maze, from 3 to 15 months of age. The 5xFAD mice showed impaired learning at 6-9 months of age, but memory impairments were not detected with the test procedure used in this study. Performance of 5xFAD mice was profoundly impaired at 12-15 months of age, but was accompanied by slower swim speeds than wild-type mice and a frequent failure to locate the escape platform. Overall female mice performed worse than males, and reversal learning impairments in 5xFAD mice were more pronounced in females than males. Albino mice performed worse than pigmented mice, confirming that albinism can impair performance of 5xFAD mice independently of AD-related transgenes. Overall, these results show that 5xFAD mice have impaired learning performance at 6-9 months of age, but learning and memory performance at 12-15 months is confounded with motor impairments. Furthermore, sex and albinism should be controlled to provide an accurate assessment of AD-related transgenes on learning and memory. These results will help reduce variability across pre-clinical experiments with 5xFAD mice, and thus enhance the reliability of studies developing new therapeutics for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P. O'Leary
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Richard E. Brown
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
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6
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Lee JQ, McHugh R, Morgan E, Sutherland RJ, McDonald RJ. Behaviour-driven Arc expression is greater in dorsal than ventral CA1 regardless of task or sex differences. Behav Brain Res 2022; 423:113790. [PMID: 35149121 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Evidence from genetic, behavioural, anatomical, and physiological study suggests that the hippocampus functionally differs across its longitudinal (dorsoventral or septotemporal) axis. Although, how to best characterize functional and representational differences in the hippocampus across its long axis remains unclear. While some suggest that the hippocampus can be divided into dorsal and ventral subregions that support distinct cognitive functions, others posit that these regions vary in their granularity of representation, wherein spatial-temporal resolution decreases in the ventral (temporal) direction. Importantly, the cognitive and granular hypotheses also make distinct predictions on cellular recruitment dynamics under conditions when animals perform tasks with qualitatively different cognitive-behavioural demands. One interpretation of the cognitive function account implies that dorsal and ventral cellular recruitment differs depending on relevant behavioural demands, while the granularity account suggests similar recruitment dynamics regardless of the nature of the task performed. Here, we quantified cellular recruitment with the immediate early gene (IEG) Arc across the entire longitudinal CA1 axis in female and male rats performing spatial- and fear-guided memory tasks. Our results show that recruitment is greater in dorsal than ventral CA1 regardless of task or sex, and thus support a granular view of hippocampal function across the long axis. We further discuss how future experiments might determine the relative contributions of cognitive function and granularity of representation to neuronal activity dynamics in hippocampal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Quinn Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Science Commons, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 6T5, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada.
| | - Rebecca McHugh
- Department of Neuroscience, Science Commons, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 6T5, Canada
| | - Erik Morgan
- Department of Neuroscience, Science Commons, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 6T5, Canada
| | - Robert J Sutherland
- Department of Neuroscience, Science Commons, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 6T5, Canada
| | - Robert J McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Science Commons, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 6T5, Canada
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7
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Ramos JMJ, Morón I. Ventral hippocampus lesions and allocentric spatial memory in the radial maze: Anterograde and retrograde deficits. Behav Brain Res 2022; 417:113620. [PMID: 34624425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although the dorsal hippocampus (DHip) has been clearly implicated in spatial learning and memory, there is currently debate as to whether the ventral hippocampus (VHip) is also necessary in allocentric-based navigation tasks. To differentiate between these two subregions of the hippocampal dorsoventral axis, we examined the effect of neurotoxic lesions to the DHip and VHip in different learning situations, using a four-arm plus-shaped maze. In experiment 1 a spatial reference memory task was used, with results showing an acquisition deficit in DHip-lesioned rats but perfect learning in VHip-lesioned rats. However, in experiment 2 an acquisition deficit was found in VHip-lesioned rats using a doubly marked training protocol. In this case the position of the goal arm during training was marked simultaneously by the extramaze constellation of stimuli around the maze and an intramaze cue. The main results indicated that DHip and VHip groups presented significantly more allocentric errors in the probe test than the control rats. In experiments 3 and 4, animals with their brains still intact learned, respectively, a spatial reference memory task or a purely cue-guided navigation task, and DHip and VHip lesions were made 2-3 days after reaching learning criterion. Results indicated a profound retrograde deficit in both lesioned groups but only with regard to allocentric information. So, depending on the training protocol used, our results point to increased integration and cooperation throughout the hippocampal dorsoventral axis when allocentric learning and memory is involved. These data support the existence of a functional continuum from the dorsal to the ventral hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M J Ramos
- Department of Psychobiology and Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Morón
- Department of Psychobiology and Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
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8
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Antunes C, Da Silva JD, Guerra-Gomes S, Alves ND, Ferreira F, Loureiro-Campos E, Branco MR, Sousa N, Reik W, Pinto L, Marques CJ. Tet3 ablation in adult brain neurons increases anxiety-like behavior and regulates cognitive function in mice. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:1445-1457. [PMID: 32103150 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0695-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
TET3 is a member of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of enzymes which oxidize 5-methylcytosine (5mC) into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). Tet3 is highly expressed in the brain, where 5hmC levels are most abundant. In adult mice, we observed that TET3 is present in mature neurons and oligodendrocytes but is absent in astrocytes. To investigate the function of TET3 in adult postmitotic neurons, we crossed Tet3 floxed mice with a neuronal Cre-expressing mouse line, Camk2a-CreERT2, obtaining a Tet3 conditional KO (cKO) mouse line. Ablation of Tet3 in adult mature neurons resulted in increased anxiety-like behavior with concomitant hypercorticalism, and impaired hippocampal-dependent spatial orientation. Transcriptome and gene-specific expression analysis of the hippocampus showed dysregulation of genes involved in glucocorticoid signaling pathway (HPA axis) in the ventral hippocampus, whereas upregulation of immediate early genes was observed in both dorsal and ventral hippocampal areas. In addition, Tet3 cKO mice exhibit increased dendritic spine maturation in the ventral CA1 hippocampal subregion. Based on these observations, we suggest that TET3 is involved in molecular alterations that govern hippocampal-dependent functions. These results reveal a critical role for epigenetic modifications in modulating brain functions, opening new insights into the molecular basis of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Antunes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jorge D Da Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sónia Guerra-Gomes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno D Alves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Fábio Ferreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Loureiro-Campos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Miguel R Branco
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Wolf Reik
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.,The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Luísa Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - C Joana Marques
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319, Porto, Portugal. .,i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
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9
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Tao S, Wang Y, Peng J, Zhao Y, He X, Yu X, Liu Q, Jin S, Xu F. Whole-Brain Mapping the Direct Inputs of Dorsal and Ventral CA1 Projection Neurons. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:643230. [PMID: 33935658 PMCID: PMC8079783 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.643230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The CA1, an important subregion of the hippocampus, is anatomically and functionally heterogeneous in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus. Here, to dissect the distinctions between the dorsal (dCA1) and ventral CA1 (vCA1) in anatomical connections, we systematically analyzed the direct inputs to dCA1 and vCA1 projection neurons (PNs) with the rabies virus-mediated retrograde trans-monosynaptic tracing system in Thy1-Cre mice. Our mapping results revealed that the input proportions and distributions of dCA1 and vCA1 PNs varied significantly. Inside the hippocampal region, dCA1 and vCA1 PNs shared the same upstream brain regions, but with distinctive distribution patterns along the rostrocaudal axis. The intrahippocampal inputs to the dCA1 and vCA1 exhibited opposite trends, decreasing and increasing gradually along the dorsoventral axis, respectively. For extrahippocampal inputs, dCA1 and vCA1 shared some monosynaptic projections from certain regions such as pallidum, striatum, hypothalamus, and thalamus. However, vCA1, not dCA1, received innervations from the subregions of olfactory areas and amygdala nuclei. Characterization of the direct input networks of dCA1 and vCA1 PNs may provide a structural basis to understand the differential functions of dCA1 and vCA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijue Tao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yihang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jundan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobin He
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Yu
- Materials and Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sen Jin
- Materials and Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China.,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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10
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Adelöf J, Wiseman J, Zetterberg M, Hernebring M. PA28α overexpressing female mice maintain exploratory behavior and capacity to prevent protein aggregation in hippocampus as they age. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13336. [PMID: 33720528 PMCID: PMC8045925 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
With age, protein damage accumulates and increases the risk of age-related diseases. The proteasome activator PA28αβ is involved in protein damage clearance during early embryogenesis and has demonstrated protective effects against proteinopathy. We have recently discovered that adult female mice overexpressing PA28α (PA28αOE) have enhanced learning and memory, and protein extracts from their hippocampi prevent aggregation more efficiently than wild type. In this study, we investigated the effect of overexpressing PA28α on aging using C57BL/6N×BALB/c F2 hybrid mice. We found that the hippocampal anti-aggregation effect was maintained in young adult (7 months) to middle-aged (15 months) and old (22 months) PA28αOE females. While the PA28αOE influence on learning and memory gradually decreased with aging, old PA28αOE females did not display the typical drop in explorative behavior-a behavioral hallmark of aging-but were as explorative as young mice. PA28αOE lowered PA28-dependent proteasome capacity in both heart and hippocampus, and there was no indication of lower protein damage load in PA28αOE. The life span of PA28αOE was also similar to wild type. In both wild type and PA28αOE, PA28-dependent proteasome capacity increased with aging in the heart, while 26S and 20S proteasome capacities were unchanged in the timepoints analyzed. Thus, PA28αOE females exhibit improved hippocampal ability to prevent aggregation throughout life and enhanced cognitive capabilities with different behavioral outcomes dependent on age; improved memory at early age and a youth-like exploration at old age. The cognitive effects of PA28αβ combined with its anti-aggregation molecular effect highlight the therapeutical potential of PA28αβ in combating proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Adelöf
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZeneca Gothenburg Sweden
| | - John Wiseman
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZeneca Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Madeleine Zetterberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Malin Hernebring
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZeneca Gothenburg Sweden
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11
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Harrewijn A, Kitt ER, Abend R, Matsumoto C, Odriozola P, Winkler AM, Leibenluft E, Pine DS, Gee DG. Comparing neural correlates of conditioned inhibition between children with and without anxiety disorders - A preliminary study. Behav Brain Res 2021; 399:112994. [PMID: 33160010 PMCID: PMC7855938 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), a first-line treatment for pediatric anxiety disorders, is based on principles of threat learning and extinction. However, CBT does not work sufficiently for up to 40% of clinically anxious youth. The neural and behavioral correlates of conditioned inhibition might provide promising targets for attempts to improve CBT response. During conditioned inhibition, threat and safety cues appear together, forming a safety compound. Here, we test whether this safety compound elicits a reduced fear response compared to pairing the threat cue with a novel cue (novel compound). The current pilot study compares behavioral, physiological, and neural correlates of conditioned inhibition between children with (n = 17, Mage = 13.09, SDage = 3.05) and without (n = 18, Mage = 14.49, SDage = 2.38) anxiety disorders. Behavioral and physiological measures did not differ between children with and without anxiety disorders during fear acquisition. During testing, children with anxiety disorders showed overall higher skin conductance response and expected to hear the aversive sound following the novel compound more often than children without anxiety disorders. Children with anxiety disorders showed more activity in the right ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) to the safety versus novel compound. Children without anxiety disorders showed the opposite pattern - more right vmPFC activity to the novel versus safety compound (F(1,31) = 5.40, p = 0.03). No group differences manifested within the amygdala, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, or hippocampus. These pilot findings suggest a feasible approach for examining conditioned inhibition in pediatric anxiety disorders. If replicated in larger samples, findings may implicate perturbed conditioned inhibition in pediatric anxiety disorders and provide targets for CBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Harrewijn
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
| | - Elizabeth R Kitt
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Rany Abend
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Chika Matsumoto
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Paola Odriozola
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, 2 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Anderson M Winkler
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Ellen Leibenluft
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Daniel S Pine
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Dylan G Gee
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, 2 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
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12
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Cortez I, Hernandez CM, Dineley KT. Enhancement of select cognitive domains with rosiglitazone implicates dorsal hippocampus circuitry sensitive to PPARγ agonism in an Alzheimer's mouse model. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e01973. [PMID: 33382528 PMCID: PMC7882162 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several clinical studies have tested the efficacy of insulin-sensitizing drugs for cognitive enhancement in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, as type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a well-recognized risk factor for AD. Pilot studies assessing FDA-approved diabetes drugs in subjects with early-stage disease have found cognitive benefit in subjects comorbid for insulin resistance. In AD mouse models with concomitant insulin resistance, we have shown that 4 weeks of RSG can reverse peripheral and central insulin resistance concomitant with rescue of hippocampus-dependent fear learning and memory and hippocampal circuitry deficits in 9-month-old (9MO) Tg2576 mice with no effect in wild-type (WT) mice. Bioinformatics analysis of genomic and proteomic data reveals an intimate link between PPARγ and MAPK/ERK signaling in the hippocampus. We then demonstrated a direct interaction between PPARγ and phospho-ERK in vitro and in vivo during memory consolidation. The translational value of this discovery is evidenced by the positive correlational relationship between human AD postmortem brain levels of pERK-PPARγ nuclear complexes with cognitive reserve. METHODS We tested whether insulin sensitizer therapy could rescue spatial navigation, context discrimination, and object recognition learning and memory in aged wild-type and Tg2576 mice in addition to hippocampus-dependent contextual fear learning and memory, as we have previously reported. RESULTS We found that rosiglitazone treatment improved cognitive domains that predominantly rely upon the dorsal hippocampus rather than those that additionally engage the ventral hippocampus. CONCLUSION These results suggest that insulin sensitizer therapy with rosiglitazone improved age- and AD-related learning and memory deficits in circuit selective ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- IbDanelo Cortez
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Caterina M Hernandez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Appalachian College of Pharmacy, Oakwood, VA, USA
| | - Kelly T Dineley
- Department of Neurology, the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
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13
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Odriozola P, Gee DG. Learning About Safety: Conditioned Inhibition as a Novel Approach to Fear Reduction Targeting the Developing Brain. Am J Psychiatry 2021; 178:136-155. [PMID: 33167673 PMCID: PMC7951569 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a peak time for the onset of psychiatric disorders, with anxiety disorders being the most common and affecting as many as 30% of youths. A core feature of anxiety disorders is difficulty regulating fear, with evidence suggesting deficits in extinction learning and corresponding alterations in frontolimbic circuitry. Despite marked changes in this neural circuitry and extinction learning throughout development, interventions for anxious youths are largely based on principles of extinction learning studied in adulthood. Safety signal learning, based on conditioned inhibition of fear in the presence of a cue that indicates safety, has been shown to effectively reduce anxiety-like behavior in animal models and attenuate fear responses in healthy adults. Cross-species evidence suggests that safety signal learning involves connections between the ventral hippocampus and the prelimbic cortex in rodents or the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex in humans. Particularly because this pathway follows a different developmental trajectory than fronto-amygdala circuitry involved in traditional extinction learning, safety cues may provide a novel approach to reducing fear in youths. In this review, the authors leverage a translational framework to bring together findings from studies in animal models and humans and to bridge the gap between research on basic neuroscience and clinical treatment. The authors consider the potential application of safety signal learning for optimizing interventions for anxious youths by targeting the biological state of the developing brain. Based on the existing cross-species literature on safety signal learning, they propose that the judicious use of safety cues may be an effective and neurodevelopmentally optimized approach to enhancing treatment outcomes for youths with anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dylan G. Gee
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn
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14
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Hu S, Li CSR. Age-Related Structural and Functional Changes of the Hippocampus and the Relationship with Inhibitory Control. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10121013. [PMID: 33352718 PMCID: PMC7766783 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10121013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with structural and functional changes in the hippocampus, and hippocampal dysfunction represents a risk marker of Alzheimer’s disease. Previously, we demonstrated age-related changes in reactive and proactive control in the stop signal task, each quantified by the stop signal reaction time (SSRT) and sequential effect computed as the correlation between the estimated stop signal probability and go trial reaction time. Age was positively correlated with the SSRT, but not with the sequential effect. Here, we explored hippocampal gray matter volume (GMV) and activation to response inhibition and to p(Stop) in healthy adults 18 to 72 years of age. The results showed age-related reduction of right anterior hippocampal activation during stop success vs. go trials, and the hippocampal activities correlated negatively with the SSRT. In contrast, the right posterior hippocampus showed higher age-related responses to p(Stop), but the activities did not correlate with the sequential effect. Further, we observed diminished GMVs of the anterior and posterior hippocampus. However, the GMVs were not related to behavioral performance or regional activities. Together, these findings suggest that hippocampal GMVs and regional activities represent distinct neural markers of cognitive aging, and distinguish the roles of the anterior and posterior hippocampus in age-related changes in cognitive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sien Hu
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Oswego, Oswego, NY 13126, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Chiang-shan R. Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA;
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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15
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Hauser J, Llano López LH, Feldon J, Gargiulo PA, Yee BK. Small lesions of the dorsal or ventral hippocampus subregions are associated with distinct impairments in working memory and reference memory retrieval, and combining them attenuates the acquisition rate of spatial reference memory. Hippocampus 2020; 30:938-957. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Hauser
- Laboratory of Behavioural NeurobiologySwiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich Schwerzenbach Switzerland
| | - Luis H. Llano López
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias y Psicología ExperimentalInstituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo Mendoza Argentina
- Servicio de Terapia Intensiva Infantil. Servicio de Recuperación Cardiovascular Pediátrica. Hospital Pediátrico Humberto Notti Mendoza Argentina
| | - Joram Feldon
- Laboratory of Behavioural NeurobiologySwiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich Schwerzenbach Switzerland
| | - Pascual A. Gargiulo
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias y Psicología ExperimentalInstituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo Mendoza Argentina
| | - Benjamin K. Yee
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health & Social SciencesThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong
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16
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Çavdaroğlu B, Toy J, Schumacher A, Carvalho G, Patel M, Ito R. Ventral hippocampus inactivation enhances the extinction of active avoidance responses in the presence of safety signals but leaves discrete trial operant active avoidance performance intact. Hippocampus 2020; 30:913-925. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bilgehan Çavdaroğlu
- Department of Psychology (Scarborough)University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Jeffrey Toy
- Department of Psychology (Scarborough)University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Anett Schumacher
- Department of Psychology (Scarborough)University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Gabriel Carvalho
- Department of Psychology (Scarborough)University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Mihilkumar Patel
- Department of Psychology (Scarborough)University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Rutsuko Ito
- Department of Psychology (Scarborough)University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems BiologyUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
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17
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Meyer HC, Odriozola P, Cohodes EM, Mandell JD, Li A, Yang R, Hall BS, Haberman JT, Zacharek SJ, Liston C, Lee FS, Gee DG. Ventral hippocampus interacts with prelimbic cortex during inhibition of threat response via learned safety in both mice and humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:26970-26979. [PMID: 31822612 PMCID: PMC6936350 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1910481116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Heightened fear and inefficient safety learning are key features of fear and anxiety disorders. Evidence-based interventions for anxiety disorders, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, primarily rely on mechanisms of fear extinction. However, up to 50% of clinically anxious individuals do not respond to current evidence-based treatment, suggesting a critical need for new interventions based on alternative neurobiological pathways. Using parallel human and rodent conditioned inhibition paradigms alongside brain imaging methodologies, we investigated neural activity patterns in the ventral hippocampus in response to stimuli predictive of threat or safety and compound cues to test inhibition via safety in the presence of threat. Distinct hippocampal responses to threat, safety, and compound cues suggest that the ventral hippocampus is involved in conditioned inhibition in both mice and humans. Moreover, unique response patterns within target-differentiated subpopulations of ventral hippocampal neurons identify a circuit by which fear may be inhibited via safety. Specifically, ventral hippocampal neurons projecting to the prelimbic cortex, but not to the infralimbic cortex or basolateral amygdala, were more active to safety and compound cues than threat cues, and activity correlated with freezing behavior in rodents. A corresponding distinction was observed in humans: hippocampal-dorsal anterior cingulate cortex functional connectivity-but not hippocampal-anterior ventromedial prefrontal cortex or hippocampal-basolateral amygdala connectivity-differentiated between threat, safety, and compound conditions. These findings highlight the potential to enhance treatment for anxiety disorders by targeting an alternative neural mechanism through safety signal learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi C. Meyer
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Paola Odriozola
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | | | - Jeffrey D. Mandell
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Anfei Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Ruirong Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Baila S. Hall
- Department of Psychology, Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | | | | | - Conor Liston
- Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
- Feil Family Brain & Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Francis S. Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
- Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Dylan G. Gee
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
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18
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Barr JL, Shi X, Zaykaner M, Unterwald EM. Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β in the Ventral Hippocampus is Important for Cocaine Reward and Object Location Memory. Neuroscience 2019; 425:101-111. [PMID: 31783102 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The ventral hippocampus is a component of the neural circuitry involved with context-associated memory for reward and generation of appropriate behavioral responses to context. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) has been linked to the maintenance of synaptic plasticity, contextual memory retrieval, and is involved in the reconsolidation of cocaine-associated contextual memory. In this study, the effects of targeted downregulation of GSK3β in the ventral hippocampus were examined on a series of behavioral tests for assessing drug reward-context association and non-reward related memory. The Cre/loxP site-specific recombination system was used to knockdown GSK3β through bilateral stereotaxic delivery of an adeno-associated virus expressing Cre-recombinase (AAV-Cre) into the ventral hippocampus of adult mice homozygous for a floxed GSK3β allele. GSK3β floxed mice injected with AAV-Cre had a loss of 56-75% of GSK3β in the ventral hippocampus and displayed diminished development of cocaine conditioned place preference, but not morphine place preference as compared with wild-type mice injected with AAV-Cre or GSK3β floxed mice injected with a control virus, AAV-GFP. Impaired object location memory was observed in mice with GSK3β downregulation in the ventral hippocampus, but novel object recognition remained intact. These results indicate that GSK3β signaling in the ventral hippocampus is differentially involved in the formation of place-drug reward association dependent upon drug class. Additionally, ventral hippocampal GSK3β signaling is important in detection of discrete spatial cues, but not recognition memory for objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Barr
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| | - Xiangdang Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Michael Zaykaner
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ellen M Unterwald
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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19
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Lee JQ, Demchuk AM, Morgan E, McHugh R, McNaughton BL, Sutherland RJ, McDonald RJ. Place navigation in the Morris water task results in greater nuclear
Arc
mRNA expression in dorsal compared to ventral CA1. Hippocampus 2019; 29:1133-1138. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Quinn Lee
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience University of Lethbridge Lethbridge Alberta Canada
| | - Aubrey M. Demchuk
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience University of Lethbridge Lethbridge Alberta Canada
| | - Erik Morgan
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience University of Lethbridge Lethbridge Alberta Canada
| | - Rebecca McHugh
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience University of Lethbridge Lethbridge Alberta Canada
| | - Bruce L. McNaughton
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience University of Lethbridge Lethbridge Alberta Canada
- Department of Neuroscience University of Lethbridge Lethbridge Alberta Canada
| | - Robert J. Sutherland
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience University of Lethbridge Lethbridge Alberta Canada
- Department of Neuroscience University of Lethbridge Lethbridge Alberta Canada
| | - Robert J. McDonald
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience University of Lethbridge Lethbridge Alberta Canada
- Department of Neuroscience University of Lethbridge Lethbridge Alberta Canada
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20
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Cooke MB, O'Leary TP, Harris P, Ma R, Brown RE, Snyder JS. Pathfinder: open source software for analyzing spatial navigation search strategies. F1000Res 2019; 8:1521. [PMID: 32025289 PMCID: PMC6974928 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.20352.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial navigation is a universal behavior that varies depending on goals, experience and available sensory stimuli. Spatial navigational tasks are routinely used to study learning, memory and goal-directed behavior, in both animals and humans. One popular paradigm for testing spatial memory is the Morris water maze, where subjects learn the location of a hidden platform that offers escape from a pool of water. Researchers typically express learning as a function of the latency to escape, though this reveals little about the underlying navigational strategies. Recently, a number of studies have begun to classify water maze search strategies in order to clarify the precise spatial and mnemonic functions of different brain regions, and to identify which aspects of spatial memory are disrupted in disease models. However, despite their usefulness, strategy analyses have not been widely adopted due to the lack of software to automate analyses. To address this need we developed Pathfinder, an open source application for analyzing spatial navigation behaviors. In a representative dataset, we show that Pathfinder effectively characterizes the development of highly-specific spatial search strategies as male and female mice learn a standard spatial water maze. Pathfinder can read data files from commercially- and freely-available software packages, is optimized for classifying search strategies in water maze paradigms, and can also be used to analyze 2D navigation by other species, and in other tasks, as long as timestamped xy coordinates are available. Pathfinder is simple to use, can automatically determine pool and platform geometry, generates heat maps, analyzes navigation with respect to multiple goal locations, and can be updated to accommodate future developments in spatial behavioral analyses. Given these features, Pathfinder may be a useful tool for studying how navigational strategies are regulated by the environment, depend on specific neural circuits, and are altered by pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Cooke
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancovuer, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Timothy P O'Leary
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancovuer, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Phelan Harris
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancovuer, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ricky Ma
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancovuer, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Richard E Brown
- Psychology and Neuroscience Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jason S Snyder
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancovuer, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
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21
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Cooke MB, O'Leary TP, Harris P, Ma R, Brown RE, Snyder JS. Pathfinder: open source software for analyzing spatial navigation search strategies. F1000Res 2019; 8:1521. [PMID: 32025289 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.20352.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial navigation is a universal behavior that varies depending on goals, experience and available sensory stimuli. Spatial navigational tasks are routinely used to study learning, memory and goal-directed behavior, in both animals and humans. One popular paradigm for testing spatial memory is the Morris water maze, where subjects learn the location of a hidden platform that offers escape from a pool of water. Researchers typically express learning as a function of the latency to escape, though this reveals little about the underlying navigational strategies. Recently, a number of studies have begun to classify water maze search strategies in order to clarify the precise spatial and mnemonic functions of different brain regions, and to identify which aspects of spatial memory are disrupted in disease models. However, despite their usefulness, strategy analyses have not been widely adopted due to the lack of software to automate analyses. To address this need we developed Pathfinder, an open source application for analyzing spatial navigation behaviors. In a representative dataset, we show that Pathfinder effectively characterizes the development of highly-specific spatial search strategies as male and female mice learn a standard spatial water maze. Pathfinder can read data files from commercially- and freely-available software packages, is optimized for classifying search strategies in water maze paradigms, and can also be used to analyze 2D navigation by other species, and in other tasks, as long as timestamped xy coordinates are available. Pathfinder is simple to use, can automatically determine pool and platform geometry, generates heat maps, analyzes navigation with respect to multiple goal locations, and can be updated to accommodate future developments in spatial behavioral analyses. Given these features, Pathfinder may be a useful tool for studying how navigational strategies are regulated by the environment, depend on specific neural circuits, and are altered by pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Cooke
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancovuer, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Timothy P O'Leary
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancovuer, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Phelan Harris
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancovuer, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ricky Ma
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancovuer, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Richard E Brown
- Psychology and Neuroscience Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jason S Snyder
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancovuer, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Functional Neurochemistry of the Ventral and Dorsal Hippocampus: Stress, Depression, Dementia and Remote Hippocampal Damage. Neurochem Res 2018; 44:1306-1322. [PMID: 30357653 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2662-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus is not a homogeneous brain area, and the complex organization of this structure underlies its relevance and functional pleiotropism. The new data related to the involvement of the ventral hippocampus in the cognitive function, behavior, stress response and its association with brain pathology, in particular, depression, are analyzed with a focus on neuroplasticity, specializations of the intrinsic neuronal network, corticosteroid signaling through mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus. The data on the septo-temporal hippicampal gradient are analyzed with particular emphasis on the ventral hippocampus, a region where most important alteration underlying depressive disorders occur. According to the recent data, the existing simple paradigm "learning (dorsal hippocampus) versus emotions (ventral hippocampus)" should be substantially revised and specified. A new hypothesis is suggested on the principal involvement of stress response mechanisms (including interaction of released glucocorticoids with hippocampal receptors and subsequent inflammatory events) in the remote hippocampal damage underlying delayed dementia and depression induced by focal brain damage (e.g. post-stroke and post-traumatic). The translational validity of this hypothesis comprising new approaches in preventing post-stroke and post-trauma depression and dementia can be confirmed in experimental and clinical studies.
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