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Andre V, Abdel-Mottaleb M, Shotbolt M, Chen S, Ramezini Z, Zhang E, Conlan S, Telisman O, Liang P, Bryant JM, Chomko R, Khizroev S. Foundational insights for theranostic applications of magnetoelectric nanoparticles. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2025; 10:699-718. [PMID: 39898755 PMCID: PMC11789716 DOI: 10.1039/d4nh00560k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2025] [Indexed: 02/04/2025]
Abstract
Reviewing emerging biomedical applications of MagnetoElectric NanoParticles (MENPs), this paper presents basic physics considerations to help understand the possibility of future theranostic applications. Currently emerging applications include wireless non-surgical neural modulation and recording, functional brain mapping, high-specificity cell electroporation for targeted cancer therapies, targeted drug delivery, early screening and diagnostics, and others. Using an ab initio analysis, each application is discussed from the perspective of its fundamental limitations. Furthermore, the review identifies the most eminent challenges and offers potential engineering solutions on the pathway to implement each application and combine the therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities of the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Andre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | | | - Max Shotbolt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Shawnus Chen
- Department of Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Zeinab Ramezini
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
| | - Elric Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
| | - Skye Conlan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Ozzie Telisman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | | | - John M Bryant
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Roman Chomko
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Sakhrat Khizroev
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Kumari P, Wunderlich H, Milojkovic A, López JE, Fossati A, Jahanshahi A, Kozielski K. Multiscale Modeling of Magnetoelectric Nanoparticles for the Analysis of Spatially Selective Neural Stimulation. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302871. [PMID: 38262344 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The growing field of nanoscale neural stimulators offers a potential alternative to larger scale electrodes for brain stimulation. Nanoelectrodes made of magnetoelectric nanoparticles (MENPs) can provide an alternative to invasive electrodes for brain stimulation via magnetic-to-electric signal transduction. However, the magnetoelectric effect is a complex phenomenon and challenging to probe experimentally. Consequently, quantifying the stimulation voltage provided by MENPs is difficult, hindering precise regulation and control of neural stimulation and limiting their practical implementation as wireless nanoelectrodes. The work herein develops an approach to determine the stimulation voltage for MENPs in a finite element analysis (FEA) model. This model is informed by atomistic material properties from ab initio Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and supplemented by experimentally obtainable nanoscale parameters. This process overcomes the need for experimentally inaccessible characteristics for magnetoelectricity, and offers insights into the effect of the more manageable variables, such as the driving magnetic field. The model's voltage is compared to in vivo experimental data to assess its validity. With this, a predictable and controllable stimulation is simulated by MENPs, computationally substantiating their spatial selectivity. This work proposes a generalizable and accessible method for evaluating the stimulation capability of magnetoelectric nanostructures, facilitating their realization as wireless neural stimulators in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Kumari
- Professorship of Neuroengineering Materials, School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Hannah Wunderlich
- Professorship of Neuroengineering Materials, School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Milojkovic
- Professorship of Neuroengineering Materials, School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Jorge Estudillo López
- Professorship of Neuroengineering Materials, School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Arianna Fossati
- Department of Electronics and Information, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Ali Jahanshahi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, 6229, Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, 1105, Netherlands
| | - Kristen Kozielski
- Professorship of Neuroengineering Materials, School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence, Technical University of Munich, 80992, Munich, Germany
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Giménez S, Millan A, Mora-Morell A, Ayuso N, Gastaldo-Jordán I, Pardo M. Advances in Brain Stimulation, Nanomedicine and the Use of Magnetoelectric Nanoparticles: Dopaminergic Alterations and Their Role in Neurodegeneration and Drug Addiction. Molecules 2024; 29:3580. [PMID: 39124985 PMCID: PMC11314096 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in brain stimulation and nanomedicine have ushered in a new era of therapeutic interventions for psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. This review explores the cutting-edge innovations in brain stimulation techniques, including their applications in alleviating symptoms of main neurodegenerative disorders and addiction. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is an FDA-approved treatment for specific neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's Disease (PD), and is currently under evaluation for other conditions, such as Alzheimer's Disease. This technique has facilitated significant advancements in understanding brain electrical circuitry by enabling targeted brain stimulation and providing insights into neural network function and dysfunction. In reviewing DBS studies, this review places particular emphasis on the underlying main neurotransmitter modifications and their specific brain area location, particularly focusing on the dopaminergic system, which plays a critical role in these conditions. Furthermore, this review delves into the groundbreaking developments in nanomedicine, highlighting how nanotechnology can be utilized to target aberrant signaling in neurodegenerative diseases, with a specific focus on the dopaminergic system. The discussion extends to emerging technologies such as magnetoelectric nanoparticles (MENPs), which represent a novel intersection between nanoformulation and brain stimulation approaches. These innovative technologies offer promising avenues for enhancing the precision and effectiveness of treatments by enabling the non-invasive, targeted delivery of therapeutic agents as well as on-site, on-demand stimulation. By integrating insights from recent research and technological advances, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how brain stimulation and nanomedicine can be synergistically applied to address complex neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, paving the way for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Giménez
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.G.); (N.A.)
| | - Alexandra Millan
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurophysiology, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Alba Mora-Morell
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Noa Ayuso
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.G.); (N.A.)
| | - Isis Gastaldo-Jordán
- Psychiatry Service, Doctor Peset University Hospital, FISABIO, 46017 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Marta Pardo
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.G.); (N.A.)
- Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), 46022 Valencia, Spain
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