1
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Ma N, Jin A, Sun Y, Jin Y, Sun Y, Xiao Q, Sha X, Yu F, Yang L, Liu W, Gao X, Zhang X, Li L. Comprehensive investigating of MMR gene in hepatocellular carcinoma with chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Han Chinese population. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1124459. [PMID: 37035153 PMCID: PMC10079871 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1124459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma associated with chronic hepatitis B virus infection seriously affects human health. Present studies suggest that genetic susceptibility plays an important role in the mechanism of cancer development. Therefore, this study focused on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of MMR genes associated with HBV-HCC. Five groups of participants were included in this study, which were healthy control group (HC), spontaneous clearance (SC), chronic hepatitis B group (CHB), HBV-related liver cirrhosis group (LC) and HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma group (HBV-HCC). A total of 3128 participants met the inclusion and exclusion criteria for this study. 20 polymorphic loci on MSH2, MSH3 and MSH6 were selected for genotyping. There were four case-control studies, which were HC vs. HCC, SC vs. HCC, CHB vs. HCC and LC vs. HCC. We used Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test, unconditional logistic regression, haplotype analysis, and gene-gene interaction for genetic analysis. Ultimately, after excluding confounding factors such as age, gender, smoking and drinking, 12 polymorphisms were found to be associated with genetic susceptibility to HCC. Haplotype analysis showed the risk haplotype GTTT (rs1805355_G, rs3776968_T, rs1428030_C, rs181747_C) was more frequent in the HCC group compared with the HC group. The GMDR analysis showed that the best interaction model was the three-factor model of MSH2-rs1981928, MSH3-rs26779 and MSH6-rs2348244 in SC vs. HCC group (P=0.001). In addition, we found multiplicative or additive interactions between genes in our selected SNPs. These findings provide new ideas to further explore the etiology and pathogenesis of HCC. We have attempted to explain the molecular mechanisms by which certain SNPs (MSH2-rs4952887, MSH3-rs26779, MSH3-rs181747 and MSH3-rs32950) affect genetic susceptibility to HCC from the perspectives of eQTL, TFBS, cell cycle and so on. We also explained the results of haplotypes and gene-gene interactions. These findings provide new ideas to further explore the etiology and pathogenesis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Management, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ao Jin
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yitong Sun
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yiyao Jin
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yucheng Sun
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - XuanYi Sha
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, School of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fengxue Yu
- The Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenxuan Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaolin Zhang, ; Lu Li,
| | - Lu Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Management, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaolin Zhang, ; Lu Li,
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2
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Wang S, Xu D, Gao B, Yan S, Sun Y, Tang X, Jiao Y, Huang S, Zhang S. Heterogeneity Analysis of Bladder Cancer Based on DNA Methylation Molecular Profiling. Front Oncol 2022; 12:915542. [PMID: 35747826 PMCID: PMC9209659 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.915542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a highly complex and heterogeneous malignancy. Tumor heterogeneity is a barrier to effective diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer. Human carcinogenesis is closely related to abnormal gene expression, and DNA methylation is an important regulatory factor of gene expression. Therefore, it is of great significance for bladder cancer research to characterize tumor heterogeneity by integrating genetic and epigenetic characteristics. This study explored specific molecular subtypes based on DNA methylation status and identified subtype-specific characteristics using patient samples from the TCGA database with DNA methylation and gene expression were measured simultaneously. The results were validated using an independent cohort from GEO database. Four DNA methylation molecular subtypes of bladder cancer were obtained with different prognostic states. In addition, subtype-specific DNA methylation markers were identified using an information entropy-based algorithm to represent the unique molecular characteristics of the subtype and verified in the test set. The results of this study can provide an important reference for clinicians to make treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Wang
- College of Information and Computer Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Dali Xu
- College of Information and Computer Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuhan Yan
- College of Information and Computer Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yiwei Sun
- College of Information and Computer Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinxing Tang
- College of Information and Computer Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanjia Jiao
- College of Information and Computer Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Shumei Zhang, ; Shan Huang,
| | - Shumei Zhang
- College of Information and Computer Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Shumei Zhang, ; Shan Huang,
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3
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Zhang S, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Liang Y, Du Y, Wang G. Identification of Prognostic Biomarkers for Bladder Cancer Based on DNA Methylation Profile. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:817086. [PMID: 35174173 PMCID: PMC8841402 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.817086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification, which plays an important role in regulating gene expression at the transcriptional level. In tumor research, it has been found that the change of DNA methylation leads to the abnormality of gene structure and function, which can provide early warning for tumorigenesis. Our study aims to explore the relationship between the occurrence and development of tumor and the level of DNA methylation. Moreover, this study will provide a set of prognostic biomarkers, which can more accurately predict the survival and health of patients after treatment. Methods: Datasets of bladder cancer patients and control samples were collected from TCGA database, differential analysis was employed to obtain genes with differential DNA methylation levels between tumor samples and normal samples. Then the protein-protein interaction network was constructed, and the potential tumor markers were further obtained by extracting Hub genes from subnet. Cox proportional hazard regression model and survival analysis were used to construct the prognostic model and screen out the prognostic markers of bladder cancer, so as to provide reference for tumor prognosis monitoring and improvement of treatment plan. Results: In this study, we found that DNA methylation was indeed related with the occurrence of bladder cancer. Genes with differential DNA methylation could serve as potential biomarkers for bladder cancer. Through univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, we concluded that FASLG and PRKCZ can be used as prognostic biomarkers for bladder cancer. Patients can be classified into high or low risk group by using this two-gene prognostic model. By detecting the methylation status of these genes, we can evaluate the survival of patients. Conclusion: The analysis in our study indicates that the methylation status of tumor-related genes can be used as prognostic biomarkers of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Zhang
- College of Information and Computer Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qichao Zhang
- College of Information and Computer Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yingjian Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Youwen Du
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guohua Wang
- College of Information and Computer Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Guohua Wang,
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4
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Linke R, Limmer M, Juranek SA, Heine A, Paeschke K. The Relevance of G-Quadruplexes for DNA Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12599. [PMID: 34830478 PMCID: PMC8620898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA molecules can adopt a variety of alternative structures. Among these structures are G-quadruplex DNA structures (G4s), which support cellular function by affecting transcription, translation, and telomere maintenance. These structures can also induce genome instability by stalling replication, increasing DNA damage, and recombination events. G-quadruplex-driven genome instability is connected to tumorigenesis and other genetic disorders. In recent years, the connection between genome stability, DNA repair and G4 formation was further underlined by the identification of multiple DNA repair proteins and ligands which bind and stabilize said G4 structures to block specific DNA repair pathways. The relevance of G4s for different DNA repair pathways is complex and depends on the repair pathway itself. G4 structures can induce DNA damage and block efficient DNA repair, but they can also support the activity and function of certain repair pathways. In this review, we highlight the roles and consequences of G4 DNA structures for DNA repair initiation, processing, and the efficiency of various DNA repair pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Linke
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Immune-Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (R.L.); (M.L.); (S.A.J.); (A.H.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Michaela Limmer
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Immune-Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (R.L.); (M.L.); (S.A.J.); (A.H.)
| | - Stefan A. Juranek
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Immune-Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (R.L.); (M.L.); (S.A.J.); (A.H.)
| | - Annkristin Heine
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Immune-Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (R.L.); (M.L.); (S.A.J.); (A.H.)
| | - Katrin Paeschke
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Immune-Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (R.L.); (M.L.); (S.A.J.); (A.H.)
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5
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DNA Methylation as a Therapeutic Target for Bladder Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081850. [PMID: 32784599 PMCID: PMC7463638 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the tenth most frequent cancer worldwide and is associated with high mortality when diagnosed in its most aggressive form, which is not reverted by the current treatment options. Thus, the development of new therapeutic strategies, either alternative or complementary to the current ones, is of major importance. The disruption of normal epigenetic mechanisms, namely, DNA methylation, is a known early event in cancer development. Consequently, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors constitute a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of BC. Although these inhibitors, mainly nucleoside analogues such as 5-azacytidine (5-aza) and decitabine (DAC), cause re-expression of tumor suppressor genes, inhibition of tumor cell growth, and increased apoptosis in BC experimental models and clinical trials, they also show important drawbacks that prevent their use as a valuable option for the treatment of BC. However, their combination with chemotherapy and/or immune-checkpoint inhibitors could aid in their implementation in the clinical practice. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the studies exploring the effects of DNA methylation inhibition using DNMTs inhibitors in BC, from in vitro and in vivo studies to clinical trials.
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6
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Pećina-Šlaus N, Kafka A, Salamon I, Bukovac A. Mismatch Repair Pathway, Genome Stability and Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:122. [PMID: 32671096 PMCID: PMC7332687 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of genomic instability is one of the key characteristics of the cancer cell, and microsatellite instability (MSI) is an important segment of this phenomenon. This review aims to describe the mismatch DNA repair (MMR) system whose deficiency is responsible for MSI and discuss the cellular roles of MMR genes. Malfunctioning of the MMR repair pathway increases the mutational burden of specific cancers and is often involved in its etiology, sometimes as an influential bystander and sometimes as the main driving force. Detecting the presence of MSI has for a long time been an important part of clinical diagnostics, but has still not achieved its full potential. The MSI blueprints of specific tumors are useful for precize grading, evaluation of cancer chance and prognosis and to help us understand how and why therapy-resistant cancers arise. Furthermore, evidence indicates that MSI is an important predictive biomarker for the application of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nives Pećina-Šlaus
- Laboratory of Neurooncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anja Kafka
- Laboratory of Neurooncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva Salamon
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Anja Bukovac
- Laboratory of Neurooncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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7
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Zhao X, Mu C, Ma J, Dai X, Jiao H. The association of four SNPs in DNA mismatch repair genes with idiopathic male infertility in northwest China. Int J Immunogenet 2019; 46:451-458. [DOI: 10.1111/iji.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics in Ningxia Yinchuan China
- Department of Medical Genetic and Cell Biology, Basic Medicine Science College Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China
| | - Chunlan Mu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics in Ningxia Yinchuan China
- Department of Medical Genetic and Cell Biology, Basic Medicine Science College Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China
| | - Jia Ma
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics in Ningxia Yinchuan China
- Department of Medical Genetic and Cell Biology, Basic Medicine Science College Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China
| | - Xiaojing Dai
- Health Science Center University of Texas Houston Texas USA
| | - Haiyan Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics in Ningxia Yinchuan China
- Department of Medical Genetic and Cell Biology, Basic Medicine Science College Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China
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8
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Yang J, Huang Y, Feng Y, Li H, Feng T, Chen J, Yin L, Wang W, Wang S, Liu Y, Song Y, Li Y, Jin J, Tan W, Lin D. Associations of Genetic Variations in Mismatch Repair Genes MSH3 and PMS1 with Acute Adverse Events and Survival in Patients with Rectal Cancer Receiving Postoperative Chemoradiotherapy. Cancer Res Treat 2018; 51:1198-1206. [PMID: 30590005 PMCID: PMC6639227 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2018.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency plays a critical role in rectal cancer. This study aimed to explore the associations between genetic variations in seven MMR genes and adverse events (AEs) and survival of patients with rectal cancer treated with postoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Materials and Methods Fifty single nucleotide polymorphisms in seven MMR (MLH1, MLH3, MSH2, MSH3, MSH6, PMS1 and PMS2) genes were genotyped by Sequenom MassARRAY method in 365 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer receiving postoperative CRT. The associations between genotypes and AEs were measured by odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by unconditional logistic regression model. The associations between genetic variations and survival were computed by the hazard ratios and 95% CIs by Cox proportional regression model. Results The most common grade ≥ 2 AEs in those 365 patients, in decreasing order, were diarrhea (44.1%), leukopenia (29.6%), and dermatitis (18.9%). Except 38 cases missing, 61 patients (18.7%) died during the follow-up period. We found MSH3 rs12513549, rs33013 and rs6151627 significantly associated with the risk of grade ≥ 2 diarrhea. PMS1 rs1233255 had an impact on the occurrence of grade ≥2 dermatitis. Meanwhile, PMS1 rs4920657, rs5743030, and rs5743100 were associated with overall survival (OS) time of rectal cancer. Conclusion These results suggest that MSH3 and PMS1 polymorphisms may play important roles in AEs prediction and prognosis of rectal cancer patients receiving postoperative CRT, which can be potential genetic biomarkers for rectal cancer personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology & Carcinogenesis, Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology & Carcinogenesis, Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanru Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology & Carcinogenesis, Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology & Carcinogenesis, Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinna Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology & Carcinogenesis, Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Luxi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology & Carcinogenesis, Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weihu Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shulian Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yueping Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongwen Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yexiong Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology & Carcinogenesis, Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dongxin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology & Carcinogenesis, Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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9
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Søgaard CK, Blindheim A, Røst LM, Petrović V, Nepal A, Bachke S, Liabakk NB, Gederaas OA, Viset T, Arum CJ, Bruheim P, Otterlei M. "Two hits - one stone"; increased efficacy of cisplatin-based therapies by targeting PCNA's role in both DNA repair and cellular signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 9:32448-32465. [PMID: 30197755 PMCID: PMC6126690 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Low response rate and rapid development of resistance against commonly used chemotherapeutic regimes demand new multi-targeting anti-cancer strategies. In this study, we target the stress-related roles of the scaffold protein PCNA with a cell-penetrating peptide containing the PCNA-interacting motif APIM. The APIM-peptide increased the efficacy of cisplatin-based therapies in a muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) solid tumor model in rat and in bladder cancer (BC) cell lines. By combining multiple omics-levels, from gene expression to proteome/kinome and metabolome, we revealed a unique downregulation of the EGFR/ERBB2 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways in the APIM-peptide-cisplatin combination treated cells. Additionally, the combination treatment reduced the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins and proteins involved in development of resistance to cisplatin. Concurrently, we observed increased levels of DNA breaks in combination treated cells, suggesting that the APIM-peptide impaired PCNA - DNA repair protein interactions and reduced the efficacy of repair. This was also seen in cisplatin-resistant cells, which notably was re-sensitized to cisplatin by the APIM-peptide. Our data indicate that the increased efficacy of cisplatin treatment is mediated both via downregulation of known oncogenic signaling pathways and inhibition of DNA repair/translesion synthesis (TLS), thus the APIM-peptide hits both nuclear and cytosolic functions of PCNA. The novel multi-targeting strategy of the APIM-peptide could potentially improve the efficacy of chemotherapeutic regiments for treatment of MIBC, and likely other solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Krogh Søgaard
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Augun Blindheim
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Urology and Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lisa M Røst
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Voin Petrović
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anala Nepal
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Siri Bachke
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nina-Beate Liabakk
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Odrun A Gederaas
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trond Viset
- Department of Pathology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Carl-Jørgen Arum
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Urology and Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Per Bruheim
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marit Otterlei
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,APIM Therapeutics A/S, Trondheim, Norway
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10
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Abbosh PH, Plimack ER. Molecular and Clinical Insights into the Role and Significance of Mutated DNA Repair Genes in Bladder Cancer. Bladder Cancer 2018; 4:9-18. [PMID: 29430503 PMCID: PMC5798524 DOI: 10.3233/blc-170129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage response and repair genes (DDR genes) are commonly mutated in bladder cancer. The biological impact of these mutations is an area of intense basic, translational, and clinical interest. As next generation sequencing increases its foothold in the treatment of localized and advanced bladder cancer, the role of DDR genes will continue to evolve. We review the inventory and biology of DDR genes in bladder cancer and describe known and candidate roles for loss of DDR genes to engender therapeutic susceptibilities to various anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip H Abbosh
- Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Urology, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Plimack
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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11
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Ni H, Jiang B, Zhou Z, Yuan X, Cao X, Huang G, Li Y. Inactivation of MSH3 by promoter methylation correlates with primary tumor stage in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:673-678. [PMID: 28656302 PMCID: PMC5547962 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the inactivation of the MutS homolog human 3 (MSH3) gene by promoter methylation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methylation-specific PCR, semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR and immunohistochemical analysis were used to detect methylation and the mRNA and protein expression levels of MSH3 in 54 cases of NPC tissues and 16 cases of normal nasopharyngeal epithelial (NNE) tissues. The association between promoter methylation and mRNA expression, and the mRNA and protein expression of the gene and clinical factors was analyzed. The promoter methylation of MSH3 was detected in 50% (27/54) of the primary tumors, but not in the 16 NNE tissues. The mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly decreased in the 54 cases of human NPC as compared to the 16 NNE tissues (P<0.05). The MSH3-methylated cases exhibited significantly lower mRNA and protein expression levels than the unmethylated cases (P<0.05). The MSH3 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly associated with the variable T stage (P<0.05); however, they did not correlate with the age and sex of the patients, or with the N stage, TNM classification or histopathological subtype (P>0.05). On the whole, MSH3 was frequently inactivated by promoter methylation and its mRNA and protein expression correlated with the primary tumor stage in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Ni
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Guangwu Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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12
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van Oers JMM, Edwards Y, Chahwan R, Zhang W, Smith C, Pechuan X, Schaetzlein S, Jin B, Wang Y, Bergman A, Scharff MD, Edelmann W. The MutSβ complex is a modulator of p53-driven tumorigenesis through its functions in both DNA double-strand break repair and mismatch repair. Oncogene 2013; 33:3939-46. [PMID: 24013230 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Loss of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) protein MSH3 leads to the development of a variety of tumors in mice without significantly affecting survival rates, suggesting a modulating role for the MutSβ (MSH2-MSH3) complex in late-onset tumorigenesis. To better study the role of MSH3 in tumor progression, we crossed Msh3(-/-) mice onto a tumor predisposing p53-deficient background. Survival of Msh3/p53 mice was not reduced compared with p53 single mutant mice; however, the tumor spectrum changed significantly from lymphoma to sarcoma, indicating MSH3 as a potent modulator of p53-driven tumorigenesis. Interestingly, Msh3(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts displayed increased chromatid breaks and persistence of γH2AX foci following ionizing radiation, indicating a defect in DNA double-strand break repair (DSBR). Msh3/p53 tumors showed increased loss of heterozygosity, elevated genome-wide copy-number variation and a moderate microsatellite instability phenotype compared with Msh2/p53 tumors, revealing that MSH2-MSH3 suppresses tumorigenesis by maintaining chromosomal stability. Our results show that the MSH2-MSH3 complex is important for the suppression of late-onset tumors due to its roles in DNA DSBR as well as in DNA MMR. Further, they demonstrate that MSH2-MSH3 suppresses chromosomal instability and modulates the tumor spectrum in p53-deficient tumorigenesis and possibly has a role in other chromosomally unstable tumors as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M M van Oers
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Y Edwards
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - R Chahwan
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - W Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Smith
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - X Pechuan
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - S Schaetzlein
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - B Jin
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - A Bergman
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - M D Scharff
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - W Edelmann
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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13
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Plaschke J, Preußler M, Ziegler A, Schackert HK. Aberrant protein expression and frequent allelic loss of MSH3 in colorectal cancer with low-level microsatellite instability. Int J Colorectal Dis 2012; 27:911-9. [PMID: 22249440 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-011-1408-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE High level of microsatellite instability (MSI-H) in colorectal cancer (CRC) is caused by the inactivation of mismatch repair (MMR) genes; however, it is unknown for tumors with low level MSI (MSI-L). The protein complex involving MSH3 preferentially recognizes insertion/deletion loops (IDLs) of two to eight bases and di- and tetranucleotide repeats are affected in the majority of MSI-L CRC. METHODS We selected 10 and eight MSI-L CRCs from 228 and 204 patients with sporadic and hereditary disease, respectively. The tumors were analyzed for protein expression of MSH3, MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, and PMS2, and for mutations and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in MSH3. RESULTS Four tumors showed a markedly reduced MSH3 expression, whereas all 18 tumors had normal expression of the remaining MMR proteins. Twenty-five different sequence variants were identified. None of these results in a truncated protein, though L902W represents the first constitutional missense mutation in MSH3 predicted to be functional based on conservation among mutS homologues. All variants have also been found in normal DNA of the patients and in controls. LOH intragenic to MSH3 was evident for 12 of 16 (75%) informative tumors. CONCLUSIONS Occurrence of sequence variants in normal DNA of the patients and in controls excludes somatic mutations and mutations specific to the CRC patient population, respectively. In contrast, the high frequency of LOH as well as the aberrant protein expression in some tumors indicates an involvement of MSH3 impairment in MSI-L CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Plaschke
- Department of Surgical Research, Carl Gustav Carus Klinikum, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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14
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Laghi L, Bianchi P, Delconte G, Celesti G, Di Caro G, Pedroni M, Chiaravalli AM, Jung B, Capella C, de Leon MP, Malesci A. MSH3 protein expression and nodal status in MLH1-deficient colorectal cancers. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:3142-53. [PMID: 22496206 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with colorectal cancers (CRC) and high microsatellite instability (MSI) have a better outcome than their chromosome-unstable counterpart. Given the heterogeneity of microsatellite-unstable CRCs, we wanted to see whether any MSI-associated molecular features are specifically associated with prognosis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN One hundred and nine MSI-high CRCs were typed for primary mismatch repair (MMR) defect and for secondary loss of MMR proteins. Frameshifts at seven target genes, mutations in the RAS pathway, and methylation at MLH1/CDKN2A promoters were also searched. The interplay of molecular findings with clinicopathologic features and patient survival was analyzed. RESULTS Of 84 MLH1-deficient CRCs, 31 (36.9%) had MSH3 and 11 (13.1%) had MSH6 loss (P < 0.001), biallelic frameshift mutations at mononucleotide repeats accounting for most (78%) MSH3 losses. As compared with MSH3-retaining cancers, MLH1-deficient tumors with MSH3 loss showed a higher number of mutated target genes (3.94 ± 1.56 vs. 2.79 ± 1.75; P = 0.001), absence of nodal involvement at pathology [N0; OR, 0.11; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.04-0.43, P < 0.001], and better disease-free survival (P = 0.06). No prognostic value was observed for KRAS status and for MLH1/CDKN2A promoter methylation. The association between MSH3 loss and N0 was confirmed in an independent cohort of 71 MLH1-deficient CRCs (OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.06-0.83, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS MLH1-deficient CRCs not expressing MSH3 have a more severe MSI, a lower rate of nodal involvement, and a better postsurgical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Laghi
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas - Rozzano, Milano, Italy.
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15
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Alva AS, Hahn NM, Aparicio AM, Singal R, Yellapragada S, Sonpavde G. Hypomethylating agents for urologic cancers. Future Oncol 2011; 7:447-63. [PMID: 21417907 DOI: 10.2217/fon.11.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Silencing of tumor suppressor genes by promoter-region methylation as an epigenetic mechanism of gene regulation is increasingly recognized as beneficial in cancer. Initially developed as cytotoxic high-dose therapies, azacitidine and decitabine are now being reinvestigated in lower-dose cancer treatment regimens with a different paradigm - hypomethylation. Recent evidence for benefit in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemias has renewed interest in hypomethylation as a therapeutic option in epithelial cancers. In this article, we describe the mechanistic aspects of DNA methylation, which alters gene expression, and review the evidence for hypomethylation as a therapeutic option in urologic cancers. Potential correlative studies that may assist in developing tailored therapy with hypomethylating agents are reviewed. Given that the population with urologic cancers is typically elderly with multiple comorbidities, the excellent tolerability of lower-dose hypomethylating agents provides a high therapeutic index and rational development is warranted, bearing in mind that the cytostatic and delayed activity present challenges in the choice of appropriate trial end points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajjai S Alva
- Baylor College of Medicine & Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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16
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Duraturo F, Liccardo R, Cavallo A, De Rosa M, Grosso M, Izzo P. Association of low-risk MSH3 and MSH2 variant alleles with Lynch syndrome: probability of synergistic effects. Int J Cancer 2011; 129:1643-50. [PMID: 21128252 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the MLH1 and MSH2 genes account for a majority of cases of families with Lynch Syndrome. Germ-line mutations in MSH6, PMS2 and MLH3 are responsible for disease in a minority of cases, usually associated with milder and variable phenotypes. No germ-line mutations in MSH3 have so far been associated with Lynch Syndrome, although it is known that impaired MSH3 activity leads to a partial defect in mismatch repair (MMR), with low levels of microsatellite instability at the loci with dinucleotide repeats in colorectal cancer (CRC), thus suggesting a role for MSH3 in carcinogenesis. To determine a possible role of MSH3 as predisposing to CRC in Lynch syndrome, we screened MSH3 for germ-line mutations in 79 unrelated Lynch patients who were negative for pathogenetic mutations in MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6. We found 13 mutant alleles, including silent, missense and intronic variants. These variants were identified through denaturing high performance liquid chromatography and subsequent DNA sequencing. In one Lynch family, the index case with early-onset colon cancer was a carrier of a polymorphism in the MSH2 gene and two variants in the MSH3 gene. These variants were associated with the disease in the family, thus suggesting the involvement of MSH3 in colon tumour progression. We hypothesise a model in which variants of the MSH3 gene behave as low-risk alleles that contribute to the risk of colon cancer in Lynch families, mostly with other low-risk alleles of MMR genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Duraturo
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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17
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Wang A, Kligerman AD, Holladay SD, Wolf DC, Robertson JL. Arsenate and dimethylarsinic acid in drinking water did not affect DNA damage repair in urinary bladder transitional cells or micronuclei in bone marrow. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2009; 50:760-770. [PMID: 19472316 DOI: 10.1002/em.20496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a human skin, lung, and urinary bladder carcinogen, and may act as a cocarcinogen in the skin and urinary bladder. Possible modes of action of arsenic carcinogenesis/cocarcinogenesis include oxidative stress induction and inhibition of DNA damage repair. We investigated the effects of arsenic in drinking water on DNA damage repair in urinary bladder transitional cells and on micronucleus formation in bone marrow. F344 rats were given 100 ppm arsenate [As(V)] or dimethylarsinic acid [DMA(V)] in drinking water for 1 week. The in vivo repair of cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced DNA damage resulting from a single oral gavage of CP, and the in vitro repair of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))- or formaldehyde-induced DNA damage, resulting from adding H(2)O(2) or formaldehyde into cell medium, were measured by the Comet assay. DMA(V) effects were not observed on either CP-induced DNA damage induction or on DNA repair. Neither DMA(V) nor As(V) increased the H(2)O(2)- or formaldehyde-induced DNA damage, and neither inhibited the repair of H(2)O(2)-induced DNA damage. Neither DMA(V) nor As(V) increased the micronucleus frequency, nor did they elevate micronucleus frequency resulting from CP treatment above the level observed by the treatment with CP alone. These results suggest that arsenic carcinogenesis/cocarcinogenesis in the urinary bladder may not be via DNA damage repair inhibition. To our knowledge this is the first report of arsenic effects on DNA damage repair in the urinary bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
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18
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Mason RA, Morlock EV, Karagas MR, Kelsey KT, Marsit CJ, Schned AR, Andrew AS. EGFR pathway polymorphisms and bladder cancer susceptibility and prognosis. Carcinogenesis 2009; 30:1155-60. [PMID: 19372140 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgp077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway has recently been appreciated as a central mediator of tumorigenesis and an important drug target; however, the influence of genetic variation in this pathway on bladder cancer is not understood. Pathway activation leads to cell proliferation, angiogenesis and is antiapoptotic. We sought to test the hypothesis that bladder cancer susceptibility and survival are modified by inherited variations in the sequence of the EGFR and its pathway members. We tested associations using a population-based study of 857 bladder cancer cases and 1191 controls from New Hampshire. Multifactor dimensionality reduction software was used to predict gene-gene interactions. We detected an increased risk of bladder cancer associated with variant genotypes for the single nucleotide polymorphisms EGFR_03 [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.7 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0-2.8)] and EGFR_05 [adjusted OR 1.5 (95% CI 1.0-2.1)] compared with wild-type. EGFR variants experienced longer survival than those with wild-type alleles [e.g. adjusted hazard ratio EGFR_1808 0.3 (95% CI 0.1-0.9)]. In contrast, the variant form of the ligand, EGF_04, had worse survival [adjusted hazard ratio 1.5 (95% CI 1.0-2.3)] compared with wild-type. Our findings suggest modified bladder cancer risk and survival associated with genetic variation in the EGFR pathway. Understanding these genetic influences on increased bladder cancer susceptibility and survival may help in cancer prevention, drug development and choice of therapeutic regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Mason
- Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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19
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Haugen AC, Goel A, Yamada K, Marra G, Nguyen TP, Nagasaka T, Kanazawa S, Koike J, Kikuchi Y, Zhong X, Arita M, Shibuya K, Oshimura M, Hemmi H, Boland CR, Koi M. Genetic instability caused by loss of MutS homologue 3 in human colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 2008; 68:8465-72. [PMID: 18922920 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a hallmark of mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency. High levels of MSI at mononucleotide and dinucleotide repeats in colorectal cancer (CRC) are attributed to inactivation of the MMR genes, hMLH1 and hMSH2. CRC with low levels of MSI (MSI-L) exists; however, its molecular basis is unclear. There is another type of MSI--elevated microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotide repeats (EMAST)--where loci containing [AAAG](n) or [ATAG](n) repeats are unstable. EMAST is frequent in non-CRCs; however, the incidence of EMAST and its cause in CRC is not known. Here, we report that MutS homologue 3 (MSH3) knockdown or MSH3-deficient cells exhibit the EMAST phenotype and low levels of mutations at dinucleotide repeats. About 60% of 117 sporadic CRC cases exhibit EMAST. All of the cases defined as MSI-H (16 cases) exhibited high levels of EMAST. Among 101 non-MSI-H cases, all 19 cases of MSI-L and 35 of 82 cases of MSS exhibited EMAST. Although non-MSI-H CRC tissues contained MSH3-negative tumor cells ranging from 2% to 50% of the total tumor cell population, the tissues exhibiting EMAST contained more MSH3-negative cells (average, 31.5%) than did the tissues not exhibiting EMAST (8.4%). Taken together, our results support the concept that MSH3 deficiency causes EMAST or EMAST with low levels of MSI at loci with dinucleotide repeats in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid C Haugen
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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20
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Mutations of microsatellite instability target genes in sporadic basal cell carcinomas. Pathol Res Pract 2007; 203:849-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2007.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2007] [Revised: 07/19/2007] [Accepted: 08/21/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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21
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Saetta AA, Korkolopoulou P, Karlou M, Levidou G, Goudopoulou A, Thymara I, Stamatelli A, Tzivras M, Michalopoulos NV, Thomas-Tsagli E, Patsouris E. TGF-betaRII, BAX, IGFIIR, caspase-5, hMSH3 and hMSH6 alterations are not associated with microsatellite instability or p53 mutations in invasive urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Pathology 2007; 39:425-32. [PMID: 17676485 DOI: 10.1080/00313020701444457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to determine the potential synchronous contribution of alterations in TGF-betaRII, BAX, IGFIIR, caspase-5, hMSH3 and hMSH6 genes to the development and clinical outcome of bladder cancer, in relation to p53 mutations, microsatellite status and hMLH1/hMSH2 expression. METHODS Molecular biology techniques as well as immunohistochemistry were applied in 69 samples from patients with urothelial carcinoma. RESULTS Microsatellite alterations were observed in TGF-betaRII(A)(10 )(16%) and BAX(G)(8 )(3%), irrespective of the presence of p53 mutations, but not in IGFIIR(G)(8), caspase-5(A)(10, ) hMSH3(A)(8) and hMSH6(C)(8). A statistically significant correlation could be found only between hMLH1 expression and the presence of microsatellite instability (Fisher's exact test, p = 0,013). Survival analysis indicated that apart from grade and T-category, hMLH1 expression was the only parameter significantly affecting overall survival (p = 0.021 in univariate and p = 0.015 in multivariate analysis) and recurrence-free survival (p = 0.0463 in univariate and p = 0.022 in multivariate analysis). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that alterations of the examined target genes of MSI are rare in urinary bladder carcinoma and they are not associated with microsatellite instability or the presence of p53 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica A Saetta
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
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22
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Zheng MZ, Qin HD, Yu XJ, Zhang RH, Chen LZ, Feng QS, Zeng YX. Haplotype of gene Nedd4 binding protein 2 associated with sporadic nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the Southern Chinese population. J Transl Med 2007; 5:36. [PMID: 17626640 PMCID: PMC1947948 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-5-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2007] [Accepted: 07/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bcl-3 as an oncoprotein is overexpressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Nedd4 binding protein 2 (N4BP2), which is located in the NPC susceptibility locus, is a Bcl-3 binding protein. This study is aimed to explore the association between N4BP2 genetic polymorphism and the risk of NPC. METHODS We performed a hospital-based case-control study, including 531 sporadic NPC and 480 cancer-free control subjects from southern China. PCR-sequencing was carried out on Exons, promoter region and nearby introns of the N4BP2 gene. The expression pattern of N4BP2 and Bcl-3 was also analyzed. RESULTS We observed a statistically significant difference in haplotype blocks ATTA and GTTG between cases and controls. In addition, three novel SNPs were identified, two of which were in exons (loc123-e3l-snp2, position 39868005, A/G, Met171Val; RS17511668-SNP2, position 39926432, G/A, Glu118Lys), and one was in the intron6 (RS794001-SNP1, position 39944127, T/G). Moreover, N4BP2 was at higher levels in a majority of tumor tissues examined, relative to paired normal tissues. CONCLUSION These data suggest that haplotype blocks ATTA and GTTG of N4BP2 is correlation with the risk of sporadic nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the Southern Chinese population and N4BP2 has a potential role in the development of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Zhen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-De Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing-Juan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ru-Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Zhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Sheng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, China
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