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Wang Q, Cao Z, Du B, Zhang Q, Chen L, Wang X, Yuan Z, Wang P, He R, Shan J, Zhao Y, Miao L. Membrane contact site-dependent cholesterol transport regulates Na +/K +-ATPase polarization and spermiogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1631-1645.e7. [PMID: 34051143 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Spermiogenesis in nematodes is a process whereby round and quiescent spermatids differentiate into asymmetric and crawling spermatozoa. The molecular mechanism underlying this symmetry breaking remains uncharacterized. In this study, we revealed that sperm-specific Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) is evenly distributed on the plasma membrane (PM) of Caenorhabditis elegans spermatids but is translocated to and subsequently enters the invaginated membrane of the spermatozoa cell body during sperm activation. The polarization of NKA depends on the transport of cholesterol from the PM to membranous organelles (MOs) via membrane contact sites (MCSs). The inositol 5-phosphatase CIL-1 and the MO-localized PI4P phosphatase SAC-1 may mediate PI4P metabolism to drive cholesterol countertransport via sterol/lipid transport proteins through MCSs. Furthermore, the NKA function is required for C. elegans sperm motility and reproductive success. Our data imply that the lipid dynamics mediated by MCSs might play crucial roles in the establishment of cell polarity. eGraphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Wang
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Baochen Du
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lianwan Chen
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhiheng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruijun He
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jin Shan
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanmei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Long Miao
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Biological Imaging, Core Facilities for Protein Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Kishimoto T, Tomishige N, Murate M, Ishitsuka R, Schaller H, Mély Y, Ueda K, Kobayashi T. Cholesterol asymmetry at the tip of filopodia during cell adhesion. FASEB J 2020; 34:6185-6197. [PMID: 32162745 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900065rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
During adhesion, cells develop filopodia to facilitate the attachment to the extracellular matrix. The small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein, Cdc42, plays a central role in the formation of filopodia. It has been reported that Cdc42 activity is regulated by cholesterol (Chol). We examined Chol distribution in filopodia using Chol-binding domain 4 (D4) fragment of bacterial toxin, perfringolysin O that senses high membrane concentration of Chol. Our results indicate that fluorescent D4 was enriched at the tip of the outer leaflet of filopodia in the initiation phase of cell adhesion. This enrichment was accompanied by a defect of D4 labeling in the inner leaflet. Steady phase adhered cell experiment indicated that both Cdc42 and ATP-binding cassette transporter, ABCA1, were involved in the binding of D4 to the cell surface. Depletion of Chol activated Cdc42. Our results suggest that asymmetric distribution of Chol at the tip of filopodia induces activation of Cdc42, and thus, facilitates filopodia formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Kishimoto
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan.,Division of Molecular Interaction, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Life Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nario Tomishige
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan.,UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Motohide Murate
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan.,UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Hubert Schaller
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UPR 2357, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yves Mély
- UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Kazumitsu Ueda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kobayashi
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan.,UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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Ellis RE, Stanfield GM. The regulation of spermatogenesis and sperm function in nematodes. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 29:17-30. [PMID: 24718317 PMCID: PMC4082717 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the nematode C. elegans, both males and self-fertile hermaphrodites produce sperm. As a result, researchers have been able to use a broad range of genetic and genomic techniques to dissect all aspects of sperm development and function. Their results show that the early stages of spermatogenesis are controlled by transcriptional and translational processes, but later stages are dominated by protein kinases and phosphatases. Once spermatids are produced, they participate in many interactions with other cells - signals from the somatic gonad determine when sperm activate and begin to crawl, signals from the female reproductive tissues guide the sperm, and signals from sperm stimulate oocytes to mature and be ovulated. The sperm also show strong competitive interactions with other sperm and oocytes. Some of the molecules that mediate these processes have conserved functions in animal sperm, others are conserved proteins that have been adapted for new roles in nematode sperm, and some are novel proteins that provide insights into evolutionary change. The advent of new techniques should keep this system on the cutting edge of research in cellular and reproductive biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald E Ellis
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rowan University SOM, B303 Science Center, 2 Medical Center Drive, Stratford, NJ 08084, United States.
| | - Gillian M Stanfield
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
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Rodriguez A, McKay K, Graham M, Dittrich J, Holgado AM. Analysis of differential gene expression profiles in Caenorhabditis elegans knockouts for the v-SNARE master protein 1. J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:772-82. [PMID: 24615917 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
At chemical synapses, neurons communicate information to other cells by secreting neurotransmitters or neuropeptides into the synaptic cleft, which then bind to receptors on the target cell. Preliminary work performed in our laboratory has shown that mutant nematodes lacking a protein called VSM-1 have increased synaptic density compared with the wild type. Consequently, we hypothesized that genes expressed in vsm-1 mutants mediate enhanced synaptogenesis. To identify these genes of interest, we utilized microarray technology and quantitative PCR. To this end, first we isolated the total RNA from young-adult wild-type and vsm-1 mutant Caenorhabditis elegans. Next, we synthesized cDNA from reverse transcription of the isolated RNA. Hybridization of the cDNA to a microarray was performed to facilitate gene expression profiling. Finally, fluorescently labeled microarrays were analyzed, and the identities of induced and repressed genes were uncovered in the open-source software Magic Tool. Analyses of microarray experiments performed using three independent biological samples per strain and three technical replicas and dye swaps showed induction of genes coding for major sperm proteins and repression of SPP-2 in vsm-1 mutants. Microarray results were also validated and quantified by using quantitative PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Rodriguez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, Oklahoma
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