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Mouawad R, Neamati N. Inhibition of Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDIA1) Leads to Proteasome-Mediated Degradation of Ubiquitin-like PHD and RING Finger Domain-Containing Protein 1 (UHRF1) and Increased Sensitivity of Glioblastoma Cells to Topoisomerase II Inhibitors. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 6:100-114. [PMID: 36654750 PMCID: PMC9841782 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor, and the prognosis remains poor with current available treatments. PDIA1 is considered a promising therapeutic target in GBM. In this study, we demonstrate that targeting PDIA1 results in increased GBM cell death by topoisomerase II (Top-II) inhibitors resulting in proteasome-mediated degradation of the oncogenic protein UHRF1. Combination of the PDIA1 inhibitor, bepristat-2a, produces strong synergy with doxorubicin, etoposide, and mitoxantrone in GBM and other cancer cell lines. Our bioinformatics analysis of multiple datasets revealed downregulation of UHRF1, upon PDIA1 inhibition. In addition, PDIA1 inhibition results in proteasome-mediated degradation of UHRF1 protein. Interestingly, treatment of GBM cells with bepristat-2a results in increased apoptosis and resistance to ferroptosis. Our findings emphasize the importance of PDIA1 as a therapeutic target in GBM and present a promising new therapeutic approach using Top-II inhibitors for GBM treatment.
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Milano L, Charlier CF, Andreguetti R, Cox T, Healing E, Thomé MP, Elliott RM, Samson LD, Masson JY, Lenz G, Henriques JAP, Nohturfft A, Meira LB. A DNA repair-independent role for alkyladenine DNA glycosylase in alkylation-induced unfolded protein response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2111404119. [PMID: 35197283 PMCID: PMC8892324 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111404119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkylating agents damage DNA and proteins and are widely used in cancer chemotherapy. While cellular responses to alkylation-induced DNA damage have been explored, knowledge of how alkylation affects global cellular stress responses is sparse. Here, we examined the effects of the alkylating agent methylmethane sulfonate (MMS) on gene expression in mouse liver, using mice deficient in alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (Aag), the enzyme that initiates the repair of alkylated DNA bases. MMS induced a robust transcriptional response in wild-type liver that included markers of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress/unfolded protein response (UPR) known to be controlled by XBP1, a key UPR effector. Importantly, this response is significantly reduced in the Aag knockout. To investigate how AAG affects alkylation-induced UPR, the expression of UPR markers after MMS treatment was interrogated in human glioblastoma cells expressing different AAG levels. Alkylation induced the UPR in cells expressing AAG; conversely, AAG knockdown compromised UPR induction and led to a defect in XBP1 activation. To verify the requirements for the DNA repair activity of AAG in this response, AAG knockdown cells were complemented with wild-type Aag or with an Aag variant producing a glycosylase-deficient AAG protein. As expected, the glycosylase-defective Aag does not fully protect AAG knockdown cells against MMS-induced cytotoxicity. Remarkably, however, alkylation-induced XBP1 activation is fully complemented by the catalytically inactive AAG enzyme. This work establishes that, besides its enzymatic activity, AAG has noncanonical functions in alkylation-induced UPR that contribute to cellular responses to alkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Milano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7WG Guildford, United Kingdom
- Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Quebec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Axis, Québec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University Cancer Center, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Clara F Charlier
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7WG Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Rafaela Andreguetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7WG Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Cox
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7WG Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Healing
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Marcos P Thomé
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ruan M Elliott
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Leona D Samson
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Jean-Yves Masson
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Quebec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Axis, Québec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University Cancer Center, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Guido Lenz
- Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - João Antonio P Henriques
- Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Axel Nohturfft
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's University of London, SW17 0RE London, United Kingdom
| | - Lisiane B Meira
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7WG Guildford, United Kingdom;
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UNOKI M, SASAKI H. The UHRF protein family in epigenetics, development, and carcinogenesis. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2022; 98:401-415. [PMID: 36216533 PMCID: PMC9614205 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.98.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The UHRF protein family consists of multidomain regulatory proteins that sense modification status of DNA and/or proteins and catalyze the ubiquitylation of target proteins. Through their functional domains, they interact with other molecules and serve as a hub for regulatory networks of several important biological processes, including maintenance of DNA methylation and DNA damage repair. The UHRF family is conserved in vertebrates and plants but is missing from fungi and many nonvertebrate animals. Mammals commonly have UHRF1 and UHRF2, but, despite their high structural similarity, the two paralogues appear to have distinct functions. Furthermore, UHRF1 and UHRF2 show different expression patterns and different outcomes in gene knockout experiments. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the molecular function of the UHRF family in various biological pathways and discuss their roles in epigenetics, development, gametogenesis, and carcinogenesis, with a focus on the mammalian UHRF proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoko UNOKI
- Division of Epigenomics and Development, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Human Genetics, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki SASAKI
- Division of Epigenomics and Development, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Zhang Y, Wu X, Zhao C, Li K, Zheng Y, Zhao J, Ge P. Integrative Analysis of Whole-genome Expression Profiling and Regulatory Network Identifies Novel Biomarkers for Insulin Resistance in Leptin Receptor-deficient Mice. Med Chem 2021; 16:635-642. [PMID: 31584376 DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666191004135450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular characterization of insulin resistance, a growing health issue worldwide, will help to develop novel strategies and accurate biomarkers for disease diagnosis and treatment. OBJECTIVE Integrative analysis of gene expression profiling and gene regulatory network was exploited to identify potential biomarkers early in the development of insulin resistance. METHODS RNA was isolated from livers of animals at three weeks of age, and whole-genome expression profiling was performed and analyzed with Agilent mouse 4×44K microarrays. Differentially expressed genes were subsequently validated by qRT-PCR. Functional characterizations of genes and their interactions were performed by Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and gene regulatory network (GRN) analysis. RESULTS A total of 197 genes were found to be differentially expressed by fold change ≥2 and P < 0.05 in BKS-db +/+ mice relative to sex and age-matched controls. Functional analysis suggested that these differentially expressed genes were enriched in the regulation of phosphorylation and generation of precursor metabolites which are closely associated with insulin resistance. Then a gene regulatory network associated with insulin resistance (IRGRN) was constructed by integration of these differentially expressed genes and known human protein-protein interaction network. The principal component analysis demonstrated that 67 genes in IRGRN could clearly distinguish insulin resistance from the non-disease state. Some of these candidate genes were further experimentally validated by qRT-PCR, highlighting the predictive role as biomarkers in insulin resistance. CONCLUSION Our study provides new insight into the pathogenesis and treatment of insulin resistance and also reveals potential novel molecular targets and diagnostic biomarkers for insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xinyu Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Cong Zhao
- Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China
| | - Kai Li
- Harbin Food and Drug Administration, Harbin 150016, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Chinese People 's Liberation Army Military Economics Institute, Wuhan 430035, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Pengling Ge
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
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Perego MC, Morrell BC, Zhang L, Schütz LF, Spicer LJ. Developmental and hormonal regulation of ubiquitin-like with plant homeodomain and really interesting new gene finger domains 1 gene expression in ovarian granulosa and theca cells of cattle. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5866609. [PMID: 32614952 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-like with plant homeodomain and really interesting new gene finger domains 1 (UHRF1) is a multi-domain nuclear protein that plays an important role in epigenetics and tumorigenesis, but its role in normal ovarian follicle development remains unknown. Thus, the present study evaluated if UHRF1 mRNA abundance in bovine follicular cells is developmentally and hormonally regulated, and if changes in UHRF1 are associated with changes in DNA methylation in follicular cells. Abundance of UHRF1 mRNA was greater in granulosa cells (GC) and theca cells (TC) from small (<6 mm) than large (≥8 mm) follicles and was greater in small-follicle GC than TC. In GC and TC, fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) treatment increased (P < 0.05) UHRF1 expression by 2-fold. Also, luteinizing hormone (LH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) increased (P < 0.05) UHRF1 expression in TC by 2-fold, and forskolin (an adenylate cyclase inducer) alone or combined with IGF1 increased (P < 0.05) UHRF1 expression by 3-fold. An E2F transcription factor inhibitor (E2Fi) decreased (P < 0.05) UHRF1 expression by 44% in TC and by 99% in GC. Estradiol, progesterone, and dibutyryl-cAMP decreased (P < 0.05) UHRF1 mRNA abundance in GC. Treatment of GC with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) alone had no effect but when combined with IGF1 enhanced the UHRF1 mRNA abundance by 2.7-fold. Beauvericin (a mycotoxin) completely inhibited the FSH plus IGF1-induced UHRF1 expression in small-follicle GC. Treatments that increased UHRF1 mRNA (i.e., FGF9) in GC tended to decrease (by 63%; P < 0.10) global DNA methylation, and those that decreased UHRF1 mRNA (i.e., E2Fi) in GC tended to increase (by 2.4-fold; P < 0.10) global DNA methylation. Collectively, these results suggest that UHRF1 expression in both GC and TC is developmentally and hormonally regulated, and that UHRF1 may play a role in follicular growth and development as well as be involved in ovarian epigenetic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Breanne C Morrell
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
| | | | | | - Leon J Spicer
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
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Qin M, Luo W, Zheng Y, Guan H, Xie X. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the PHD-finger gene family in Solanum tuberosum. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226964. [PMID: 31881057 PMCID: PMC6934267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant homeodomain (PHD) proteins are prevalent in eukaryotes and play important roles in plant growth, development and abiotic stress response. In this study, the comprehensive study of the PHD family (StPHD) was performed in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Seventy-two PHD genes (named StPHD1-72) were identified and grouped into 10 subfamilies based on phylogenetic analysis. Similar structure organizations were found within each subfamily according to the exon/intron structures and protein motif analysis. These genes were unequally scattered on the chromosomes of potato, with 9 pairs of segmental duplicated genes and 6 pairs of tandem duplicated genes showing that both segmental duplicated and tandem duplicated events contributed to the expansion of the potato PHD family. The gene ontology (GO) analysis suggests that StPHD mainly functioned at the intracellular level and was involved in various binding, metabolic and regulation processes. The analysis of expression patterns of StPHD genes showed that these genes were differentially expressed in 10 different tissues and responded specifically to heat, salt and drought stress based on the FPKM (Fragments per kilobase of transcript per million mapped reads) values of the RNA-seq data. Furthermore, the real-time quantitative PCR for 12 selected StPHD genes revealed the various levels of gene expression corresponding to abiotic stress. Our results provide useful information for a better understanding of PHD genes and provide the foundation for additional functional exploration of the potato PHD gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Luo
- The Crop Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huazhong Guan
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaofang Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Chen XR, Sun SC, Teng SW, Li L, Bie YF, Yu H, Li DL, Chen ZY, Wang Y. Uhrf2 deletion impairs the formation of hippocampus-dependent memory by changing the structure of the dentate gyrus. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 223:609-618. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1512-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Morgan MB, Edge SE, Venn AA, Jones RJ. Developing transcriptional profiles in Orbicella franksi exposed to copper: Characterizing responses associated with a spectrum of laboratory-controlled environmental conditions. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 189:60-76. [PMID: 28599170 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Morgan
- Department of Biology, Berry College, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, 2277 Martha Berry Hwy, Mount Berry, GA, 30149, USA.
| | - Sara E Edge
- Hawaii Pacific University, 45-045 Kamehameha Hwy, Kaneohe, HI, 96744, USA
| | - Alexander A Venn
- Marine Biology Department et Laboratoire International Associé 647 "BIOSENSIB", Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, MC98000, Monaco
| | - Ross J Jones
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Perth, 6009, Australia
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Sidhu H, Capalash N. UHRF1: The key regulator of epigenetics and molecular target for cancer therapeutics. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317692205. [PMID: 28218043 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317692205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
UHRF1 is a master regulator of epigenome as it coordinates DNA methylation and histone modifications. Compelling evidence suggests a strong link between UHRF1 overexpression and tumorigenesis, substantiating its ability to act as a potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. UHRF1 also mediates repair of damaged DNA that makes cancer cells resistant toward cytocidal drugs. Hence, understanding the molecular mechanism of UHRF1 regulation would help in developing cancer therapeutics. Natural compounds have shown applicability to downregulate UHRF1 leading to growth arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsimran Sidhu
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neena Capalash
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Systematic Analysis of the Maize PHD-Finger Gene Family Reveals a Subfamily Involved in Abiotic Stress Response. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:23517-44. [PMID: 26437398 PMCID: PMC4632711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161023517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant homeodomain (PHD)-finger proteins were found universally in eukaryotes and known as key players in regulating transcription and chromatin structure. Many PHD-finger proteins have been well studied on structure and function in animals. Whereas, only a few of plant PHD-finger factors had been characterized, and majority of PHD-finger proteins were functionally unclear. In this study, a complete comprehensive analysis of maize PHD family is presented. Sixty-seven PHD-finger genes in maize were identified and further divided into ten groups according to phylogenetic analysis that was supported by motif and intron/exon analysis. These genes were unevenly distributed on ten chromosomes and contained 12 segmental duplication events, suggesting that segmental duplications were the major contributors in expansion of the maize PHD family. The paralogous genes mainly experienced purifying selection with restrictive functional divergence after the duplication events on the basis of the Ka/Ks ratio. Gene digital expression analysis showed that the PHD family had a wide expression profile in maize development. In addition, 15 potential stress response genes were detected by promoter cis-element and expression analysis. Two proteins ZmPHD14 and ZmPHD19 were located in the nucleus. These results provided a solid base for future functional genome study of the PHD-finger family in maize and afforded important clues for characterizing and cloning potentially important candidates in response to abiotic stresses.
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