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Ma C, Du T, Niu X, Fan Y. Biomechanics and mechanobiology of the bone matrix. Bone Res 2022; 10:59. [PMID: 36042209 PMCID: PMC9427992 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00223-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone matrix plays an indispensable role in the human body, and its unique biomechanical and mechanobiological properties have received much attention. The bone matrix has unique mechanical anisotropy and exhibits both strong toughness and high strength. These mechanical properties are closely associated with human life activities and correspond to the function of bone in the human body. None of the mechanical properties exhibited by the bone matrix is independent of its composition and structure. Studies on the biomechanics of the bone matrix can provide a reference for the preparation of more applicable bone substitute implants, bone biomimetic materials and scaffolds for bone tissue repair in humans, as well as for biomimetic applications in other fields. In providing mechanical support to the human body, bone is constantly exposed to mechanical stimuli. Through the study of the mechanobiology of the bone matrix, the response mechanism of the bone matrix to its surrounding mechanical environment can be elucidated and used for the health maintenance of bone tissue and defect regeneration. This paper summarizes the biomechanical properties of the bone matrix and their biological significance, discusses the compositional and structural basis by which the bone matrix is capable of exhibiting these mechanical properties, and studies the effects of mechanical stimuli, especially fluid shear stress, on the components of the bone matrix, cells and their interactions. The problems that occur with regard to the biomechanics and mechanobiology of the bone matrix and the corresponding challenges that may need to be faced in the future are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tianming Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Xufeng Niu
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China. .,Research Institute of Beihang University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China. .,School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Fu M, Wang F, Lin G. Design and research of bone repair scaffold based on two-way fluid-structure interaction. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 204:106055. [PMID: 33784546 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Porous bone repair scaffolds are an important method of repairing bone defects. Fluid flow in the scaffold plays a vital role in tissue differentiation and permeability and fluid shear stress (FSS) are two important factors. The differentiation of bone tissue depends on the osteogenic differentiation of cells, FSS affects cell proliferation and differentiation, and permeability affects the transportation of nutrients and metabolic waste. Therefore, it is necessary to better understand and analyze the FSS on the cell surface and the permeability of the scaffold to obtain better osteogenic performance. METHODS In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to analyze fluid flow in the scaffold. Three structures and nine scaffold unit cell models were designed and the cell models were loaded onto the scaffold surface. Considering cell deformability, the two-way fluid-structure interaction (FSI) method was used to evaluate the FSS on the cell surface. RESULTS The simulation results showed that as the pore size of the scaffold increases, its permeability increases and the FSS decreases. The FSS received on the cell surface was much larger than scaffold surface. Moreover the FSS on the cell surface was distributed in steps. CONCLUSIONS The results showed the permeability of all models matches that of human bone tissue. Based on the cell surface FSS as the criterion, it was found that the spherical-560 scaffold exhibited the best osteogenic performance. This provided a strategy to design a better bone repair scaffold from biological aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengguang Fu
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Guimei Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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Kim SE, Kim MS, Shin YC, Eom SU, Lee JH, Shin DM, Hong SW, Kim B, Park JC, Shin BS, Lim D, Han DW. Cell Migration According to Shape of Graphene Oxide Micropatterns. MICROMACHINES 2016; 7:mi7100186. [PMID: 30404359 PMCID: PMC6189709 DOI: 10.3390/mi7100186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Photolithography is a unique process that can effectively manufacture micro/nano-sized patterns on various substrates. On the other hand, the meniscus-dragging deposition (MDD) process can produce a uniform surface of the substrate. Graphene oxide (GO) is the oxidized form of graphene that has high hydrophilicity and protein absorption. It is widely used in biomedical fields such as drug delivery, regenerative medicine, and tissue engineering. Herein, we fabricated uniform GO micropatterns via MDD and photolithography. The physicochemical properties of the GO micropatterns were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, cell migration on the GO micropatterns was investigated, and the difference in cell migration on triangle and square GO micropatterns was examined for their effects on cell migration. Our results demonstrated that the GO micropatterns with a desired shape can be finely fabricated via MDD and photolithography. Moreover, it was revealed that the shape of GO micropatterns plays a crucial role in cell migration distance, speed, and directionality. Therefore, our findings suggest that the GO micropatterns can serve as a promising biofunctional platform and cell-guiding substrate for applications to bioelectric devices, cell-on-a-chip, and tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Min Sung Kim
- Cellbiocontrol Laboratory, Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Yong Cheol Shin
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Seong Un Eom
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Jong Ho Lee
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Dong-Myeong Shin
- Research Center for Energy Convergence Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Suck Won Hong
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Bongju Kim
- Dental Life Science Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Jong-Chul Park
- Cellbiocontrol Laboratory, Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Bo Sung Shin
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Dohyung Lim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea.
| | - Dong-Wook Han
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
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Shin YC, Lee JH, Kim MJ, Hong SW, Kim B, Hyun JK, Choi YS, Park JC, Han DW. Stimulating effect of graphene oxide on myogenesis of C2C12 myoblasts on RGD peptide-decorated PLGA nanofiber matrices. J Biol Eng 2015; 9:22. [PMID: 26609319 PMCID: PMC4659147 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-015-0020-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the field of biomedical engineering, many studies have focused on the possible applications of graphene and related nanomaterials due to their potential for use as scaffolds, coating materials and delivery carriers. On the other hand, electrospun nanofiber matrices composed of diverse biocompatible polymers have attracted tremendous attention for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, their combination is intriguing and still challenging. RESULTS In the present study, we fabricated nanofiber matrices composed of M13 bacteriophage with RGD peptide displayed on its surface (RGD-M13 phage) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid, PLGA) and characterized their physicochemical properties. In addition, the effect of graphene oxide (GO) on the cellular behaviors of C2C12 myoblasts, which were cultured on PLGA decorated with RGD-M13 phage (RGD/PLGA) nanofiber matrices, was investigated. Our results revealed that the RGD/PLGA nanofiber matrices have suitable physicochemical properties as a tissue engineering scaffold and the growth of C2C12 myoblasts were significantly enhanced on the matrices. Moreover, the myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts was substantially stimulated when they were cultured on the RGD/PLGA matrices in the presence of GO. CONCLUSION In conclusion, these findings propose that the combination of RGD/PLGA nanofiber matrices and GO can be used as a promising strategy for skeletal tissue engineering and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cheol Shin
- />Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, BK21+ Nano-Integrated Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 609-735 >Korea
| | - Jong Ho Lee
- />Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, BK21+ Nano-Integrated Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 609-735 >Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kim
- />Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, BK21+ Nano-Integrated Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 609-735 >Korea
| | - Suck Won Hong
- />Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, BK21+ Nano-Integrated Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 609-735 >Korea
| | - Bongju Kim
- />Clinical Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, 03080 Korea
| | - Jung Keun Hyun
- />Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Cheonan, 330-714 Korea
- />Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21+ NBM Global Research Center, Cheonan, 330-714 Korea
- />Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, 330-714 Korea
| | - Yu Suk Choi
- />School of Anatomy, Physiology, and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Jong-Chul Park
- />Cellbiocontrol Laboratory, Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752 Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Han
- />Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, BK21+ Nano-Integrated Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 609-735 >Korea
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