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Alizadehasl A, Alavi MS, Boudagh S, Alavi MS, Mohebi S, Aliabadi L, Akbarian M, Ahmadi P, Mannarino MR, Sahebkar A. Lipid-lowering drugs and cancer: an updated perspective. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:1-24. [PMID: 38015371 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00553-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Statins and non-statin medications used for the management of dyslipidemia have been shown to possess antitumor properties. Since the use of these drugs has steadily increased over the past decades, more knowledge is required about their relationship with cancer. Lipid-lowering agents are heterogeneous compounds; therefore, it remains to be revealed whether anticancer potential is a class effect or related to them all. Here, we reviewed the literature on the influence of lipid-lowering medications on various types of cancer during development or metastasis. We also elaborated on the underlying mechanisms associated with the anticancer effects of antihyperlipidemic agents by linking the reported in vivo and in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azin Alizadehasl
- Cardio-Oncology Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Echocardiography Research CenterRajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sadat Alavi
- Echocardiography Research CenterRajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Boudagh
- Echocardiography Research CenterRajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Sadat Alavi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Somaye Mohebi
- Echocardiography Research CenterRajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Aliabadi
- Echocardiography Research CenterRajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Akbarian
- Echocardiography Research CenterRajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Ahmadi
- Echocardiography Research CenterRajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Chen YC, Chen JH, Tsai CF, Wu CT, Chang PC, Yeh WL. Inhibition of tumor migration and invasion by fenofibrate via suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancers. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 483:116818. [PMID: 38215994 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The recurrence and metastasis in breast cancer within 3 years after the chemotherapies or surgery leads to poor prognosis with approximately 1-year overall survival. Large-scale scanning research studies have shown that taking lipid-lowering drugs may assist to reduce the risk of death from many cancers, since cholesterol in lipid rafts are essential for maintain integral membrane structure and functional signaling regulation. In this study, we examined five lipid-lowering drugs: swertiamarin, gemfibrozil, clofibrate, bezafibrate, and fenofibrate in triple-negative breast cancer, which is the most migration-prone subtype. Using human and murine triple-negative breast cancer cell lines (Hs 578 t and 4 T1), we found that fenofibrate displays the highest potential in inhibiting the colony formation, wound healing, and transwell migration. We further discovered that fenofibrate reduces the activity of pro-metastatic enzymes, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-9 and MMP-2. In addition, epithelial markers including E-cadherin and Zonula occludens-1 are increased, whereas mesenchymal markers including Snail, Twist and α-smooth muscle actin are attenuated. Furthermore, we found that fenofibrate downregulates ubiquitin-dependent GDF-15 degradation, which leads to enhanced GDF-15 expression that inhibits cell migration. Besides, nuclear translocation of FOXO1 is also upregulated by fenofibrate, which may responsible for GDF-15 expression. In summary, fenofibrate with anti-cancer ability hinders TNBC from migration and invasion, and may be beneficial to repurposing use of fenofibrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chang Chen
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 88, Sec. 1, Fengxing Road, Taichung 427213, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, No.500 Lioufeng Road, Taichung 413305, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Teng Wu
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yude Road, Taichung 404332, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Chang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, No.500 Lioufeng Road, Taichung 413305, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lan Yeh
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 404333, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 404333, Taiwan.
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3
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Cui H, Wang Y, Zhou T, Qu L, Zhang X, Wang Y, Han M, Yang S, Ren X, Wang G, Gang X. Targeting DGAT1 inhibits prostate cancer cells growth by inducing autophagy flux blockage via oxidative stress. Oncogene 2024; 43:136-150. [PMID: 37973951 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02878-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Impaired macroautophagy/autophagy flux has been implicated in the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). However, the mechanism underlying autophagy dysregulation in PCa remains unknown. In the current study, we investigated the role of diacylglycerol acyltransferases 1 (DGAT1) and its potential effects on cellular energy homeostasis and autophagy flux in PCa. The results of immunohistochemical staining suggested that DGAT1 expression was positively corrected with tumor stage and node metastasis, indicating DGAT1 is an important factor involved in the development and progression of PCa. Furthermore, targeting DGAT1 remarkably inhibited cell proliferation in vitro and suppressed PCa growth in xenograft models by triggering severe oxidative stress and subsequently autophagy flux blockage. Mechanically, DGAT1 promoted PCa progression by maintaining cellular energy homeostasis, preserving mitochondrial function, protecting against reactive oxygen species, and subsequently promoting autophagy flux via regulating lipid droplet formation. Moreover, we found that fenofibrate exhibits as an upstream regulator of DGAT1. Fenofibrate performed its anti-PCa effect involved the aforementioned mechanisms, and partially dependent on the regulation of DGAT1. Collectively. These findings indicate that DGAT1 regulates PCa lipid droplets formation and is essential for PCa progression. Targeting DGAT1 might be a promising method to control the development and progression of PCa. Schematic representation of DGAT1 affects autophagy flux by regulating lipid homeostasis and maintaining mitochondrial function in prostate cancer (PCa). PCa is characterized up-regulation of DGAT1, leading to the translocation of free fatty acids into lipid droplets, thereby preventing PCa cell from lipotoxicity. Inhibition of DGAT1 suppresses growth of PCa by inducing oxidative stress and subsequently autophagy flux blockage. Further, the current results revealed that fenofibrate exhibits as an upstream regulator of DGAT1, and fenofibrate plays an anti-PCa role partially dependent on the regulation of DGAT1, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach to ameliorate this refractory tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Limei Qu
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yingdi Wang
- Department of Urology, Jilin Oncological Hospital, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Mingyue Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xinhua Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Xiaokun Gang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China.
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Li C, Wang F, Cui L, Li S, Zhao J, Liao L. Association between abnormal lipid metabolism and tumor. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1134154. [PMID: 37305043 PMCID: PMC10248433 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1134154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic Reprogramming is a sign of tumor, and as one of the three major substances metabolism, lipid has an obvious impact. Abnormal lipid metabolism is related to the occurrence of various diseases, and the proportion of people with abnormal lipid metabolism is increasing year by year. Lipid metabolism is involved in the occurrence, development, invasion, and metastasis of tumors by regulating various oncogenic signal pathways. The differences in lipid metabolism among different tumors are related to various factors such as tumor origin, regulation of lipid metabolism pathways, and diet. This article reviews the synthesis and regulatory pathways of lipids, as well as the research progress on cholesterol, triglycerides, sphingolipids, lipid related lipid rafts, adipocytes, lipid droplets, and lipid-lowering drugs in relation to tumors and their drug resistance. It also points out the limitations of current research and potential tumor treatment targets and drugs in the lipid metabolism pathway. Research and intervention on lipid metabolism abnormalities may provide new ideas for the treatment and survival prognosis of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
| | - Lili Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
| | - Shaoxin Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
| | - Junyu Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Liao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Scheinberg T, Mak B, Butler L, Selth L, Horvath LG. Targeting lipid metabolism in metastatic prostate cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2023; 15:17588359231152839. [PMID: 36743527 PMCID: PMC9893394 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231152839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite key advances in the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa), a proportion of men have de novo resistance, and all will develop resistance to current therapeutics over time. Aberrant lipid metabolism has long been associated with prostate carcinogenesis and progression, but more recently there has been an explosion of preclinical and clinical data which is informing new clinical trials. This review explores the epidemiological links between obesity and metabolic syndrome and PCa, the evidence for altered circulating lipids in PCa and their potential role as biomarkers, as well as novel therapeutic strategies for targeting lipids in men with PCa, including therapies widely used in cardiovascular disease such as statins, metformin and lifestyle modification, as well as novel targeted agents such as sphingosine kinase inhibitors, DES1 inhibitors and agents targeting FASN and beta oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahlia Scheinberg
- Medical Oncology, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown NSW, Australia,Advanced Prostate Cancer Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia,University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Blossom Mak
- Medical Oncology, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown NSW, Australia,Advanced Prostate Cancer Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia,University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa Butler
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute and Freemason’s Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Luke Selth
- South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute and Freemason’s Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Labs, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Bedford Park, Australia
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6
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Alkhayyat SS, Al-kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, El-Bouseary MM, AboKamer AM, Batiha GES, Simal-Gandara J. Fenofibrate for COVID-19 and related complications as an approach to improve treatment outcomes: the missed key for Holy Grail. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:1159-1167. [PMID: 35941297 PMCID: PMC9360649 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01615-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fenofibrate is an agonist of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α), that possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-thrombotic properties. Fenofibrate is effective against a variety of viral infections and different inflammatory disorders. Therefore, the aim of critical review was to overview the potential role of fenofibrate in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and related complications. RESULTS By destabilizing SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and preventing it from binding angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a receptor for SARS-CoV-2 entry, fenofibrate can reduce SARS-CoV-2 entry in human cells Fenofibrate also suppresses inflammatory signaling pathways, which decreases SARS-CoV-2 infection-related inflammatory alterations. In conclusion, fenofibrate anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antithrombotic capabilities may help to minimize the inflammatory and thrombotic consequences associated with SARSCoV-2 infection. Through attenuating the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2, fenofibrate can directly reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. CONCLUSIONS As a result, fenofibrate could be a potential treatment approach for COVID-19 control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Salem Alkhayyat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M. Al-kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I. Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Maisra M. El-Bouseary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Amal M. AboKamer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511 Al Beheira Egypt
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty Science, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
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Tavares MEA, Veras ASC, Thorpe HHA, Baptista DB, Teixeira GR. Physical exercise regulates apoptosis and prostatic inflammatory effects induced by high-fat diet in PPAR-alpha deleted mice. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2022; 163:106669. [PMID: 35963510 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2022.106669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The high-fat diet (HFD) promotes obesity and develops inflammation, causing dysregulation of energy metabolism and prostatic neoplastic tissue changes. PPARɑ deletion leads to loss of homeostasis between the pro and anti-inflammatory response, and dysregulation of lipid metabolism, causing changes in different physiological processes and damage to the prostate. On the other hand, aerobic physical exercise has been suggested as a non-pharmacological tool to improve energy metabolism and cellular metabolism in the prostate, however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. the current study aimed to evaluate PPARα as a possible regulator of the protective effects of aerobic physical exercise in the prostate by examining prostatic alterations in wild-type and PPARα deletion mice fed a standard diet or an HFD. Wild-type and PPARα-null mice were fed a standard or HFD diet for 12 weeks, and submitted to aerobic physical exercise for 8 weeks. The HFD promoted the increase of inflammatory markers IL-6, TNF-α, NF-kB, and an increase of inflammatory foci in animals in both genotypes. Although the PPARα deletion animals submitted to the aerobic physical exercise were not able to regulate response pro-inflammatory, but promoted an increase in IL-10 in the prostate. In animals WT, the aerobic physical exercise, reduced all inflammatory markers, improve the inflammatory response, and showed a higher expression of BAX and IL-10 proteins was protective against prostatic tissue lesions. Suggested that PPARα deletion associated with HFD suppressed apoptosis and increased damage prostate. On other hand, aerobic physical exercise improves prostatic tissue by increasing the response to anti-inflammatory and apoptosis protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eduarda Almeida Tavares
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University-UNESP, campus of Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil; Experimental Laboratory of Exercise Biology (LEBioEx), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudent, SP, Brazil
| | - Allice Santos Cruz Veras
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University-UNESP, campus of Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil; Experimental Laboratory of Exercise Biology (LEBioEx), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudent, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Danilo Bianchini Baptista
- Experimental Laboratory of Exercise Biology (LEBioEx), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudent, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovana Rampazzo Teixeira
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University-UNESP, campus of Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil; Experimental Laboratory of Exercise Biology (LEBioEx), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudent, SP, Brazil.
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8
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Li L, Li G, Chen M, Cai R. Astragaloside IV enhances the sensibility of lung adenocarcinoma cells to bevacizumab by inhibiting autophagy. Drug Dev Res 2021; 83:461-469. [PMID: 34499759 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bevacizumab (BV) has an inhibitory effect on tumor growth including lung adenocarcinoma. However, its efficacy is greatly affected by drug resistance. Astragaloside IV (AST-IV) is effective in combination with other drugs is effective to treat cancer. This study aimed to investigate the effect of AST-IV on enhancing the sensibility of lung adenocarcinoma cells to BV. A549 cells were treated by different concentrations of BV and AST-IV. Cell viability, cell cycle, and apoptosis were detected by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and flow cytometry, respectively. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting were performed to detect the expression levels of autophagy- and apoptosis-related proteins, protein kinase B (AKT), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). The results showed that BV or AST-IV could inhibit the viability and promote the apoptosis of A549 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, BV or AST-IV inhibited Bcl-2 expression and increased the expressions of Bax and Cleaved caspase-3, and promoted apoptosis. BV and AST-IV in combination acted synergistically on viability and apoptosis of A549 cells. However, BV alone down-regulated P62 expression, LC3I/LC3II level, the number of cells arrested at S phase and the phosphorylation levels of AKT and mTOR, but upregulated the number of cells arrested at G0/G1 phase and Beclin1 expression, whereas AST-IV alone could reverse the effect of BV on autophagy-related proteins, the phosphorylation levels of AKT and mTOR. This paper demonstrates that AST-IV enhances the effect of BV on inhibiting proliferation and promoting apoptosis of lung adenocarcinoma cells through inhibiting autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Gao Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Minbiao Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Renzhong Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
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9
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Bitorina AV, Oligschlaeger Y, Ding L, Yadati T, Westheim A, Houben T, Vaes RDW, Olde Damink SWM, Theys J, Shiri-Sverdlov R. OxLDL as an Inducer of a Metabolic Shift in Cancer Cells. J Cancer 2021; 12:5817-5824. [PMID: 34475995 PMCID: PMC8408103 DOI: 10.7150/jca.56307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence established a link between disturbed lipid metabolism and increased risk for cancer. One of the most prominent features related to disturbed lipid metabolism is an increased production of oxidized low-density-lipoproteins (oxLDL), which results from elevated oxidative stress. OxLDL is known to have detrimental effects on healthy cells and plays a primary role in diseases related to the metabolic syndrome. Nevertheless, so far, the exact role of oxLDL in cancer cell metabolism is not yet known. To examine changes in metabolic profile induced by oxLDL, pancreatic KLM-1 cells were treated with oxLDL in a concentration- (25 or 50 µg/ml) and/or time-dependent (4 hr or 8 hr) manner and the impact of oxLDL on oxygen consumption rates (OCR) as well as extracellular acidification rates (ECAR) was analyzed using Seahorse technology. Subsequently, to establish the link between oxLDL and glycolysis, stabilization of the master regulator hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) was measured by means of Western blot. Furthermore, autophagic responses were assessed by measuring protein levels of the autophagosomal marker LC3B-II. Finally, the therapeutic potential of natural anti-oxLDL IgM antibodies in reversing these effects was tested. Incubation of KLM-1 cells with oxLDL shifted the energy balance towards a more glycolytic phenotype, which is an important hallmark of cancer cells. These data were supported by measurement of increased oxLDL-mediated HIF-1α stabilization. In line, oxLDL incubation also increased the levels of LC3B-II, suggesting an elevated autophagic response. Importantly, antibodies against oxLDL were able to reverse these oxLDL-mediated metabolic effects. Our data provides a novel proof-of-concept that oxLDL induces a shift in energy balance. These data not only support a role for oxLDL in the progression of cancer but also suggest the possibility of targeting oxLDL as a therapeutic option in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert V Bitorina
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Oligschlaeger
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lingling Ding
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tulasi Yadati
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Westheim
- Department of Precision Medicine, School for Oncology & Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Tom Houben
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne D W Vaes
- Department of Surgery, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Steven W M Olde Damink
- Department of Surgery, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Theys
- Department of Precision Medicine, School for Oncology & Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ronit Shiri-Sverdlov
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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10
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Liu S, Zhao Y, Liu H, Zhao X, Shen X. miR-301-3p directly regulates Cx43 to mediate the development of gastric cancer. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211033185. [PMID: 34590921 PMCID: PMC8489753 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211033185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identifying novel biomarkers involved in the development of gastric cancer (GC) can provide potential therapeutic strategies and improve clinical prognosis. miR-301-3p and Cx43 are reportedly dysregulated in GC. miR-301-3p and Cx43 interaction, and their functions in GC progression, are still poorly understood. METHODS The expression levels of miR-301-3p and Cx43 in GC tissues and cell lines with various differentiation degrees were evaluated by RT-qPCR. The interaction between miR-301-3p and Cx43 was assessed by dual-luciferase reporter assays. CCK8 and Transwell assays were employed to assess the effects of the miR-301-3p-Cx43 axis on GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. RESULTS Cx43 was significantly downregulated in GC tissues and cell lines, while miR-301-3p expression was negatively correlated with Cx43 mRNA levels. The expression levels of Cx43 and miR-301-3p were closely associated with the differentiation, TNM stage, vascular invasion, and lymph node metastasis status of GC patients. Cx43 overexpression could suppress the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells. Cx43 mRNA is a direct target of miR-301-3p, and transfection of an miR-301-3p mimic could reverse the inhibitory effects of Cx43. CONCLUSION The miR-301-3p-Cx43 axis is involved in the development and progression of GC by affecting the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Hebei, 067000, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Hebei, 067000, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Hebei, 067000, China
| | - Xing Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Hebei, 067000, China
| | - Xingbin Shen
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Hebei, 067000, China
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11
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Inhibitors of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway in Prostate Cancer Chemoprevention and Intervention. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081195. [PMID: 34452154 PMCID: PMC8400324 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/serine-threonine kinase (Akt)/mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR)-signaling pathway has been suggested to have connections with the malignant transformation, growth, proliferation, and metastasis of various cancers and solid tumors. Relevant connections between the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, cell survival, and prostate cancer (PC) provide a great therapeutic target for PC prevention or treatment. Recent studies have focused on small-molecule mTOR inhibitors or their usage in coordination with other therapeutics for PC treatment that are currently undergoing clinical testing. In this study, the function of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, the consequence of its dysregulation, and the development of mTOR inhibitors, either as an individual substance or in combination with other agents, and their clinical implications are discussed. The rationale for targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, and specifically the application and potential utility of natural agents involved in PC treatment is described. In addition to the small-molecule mTOR inhibitors, there are evidence that several natural agents are able to target the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in prostatic neoplasms. These natural mTOR inhibitors can interfere with the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway through multiple mechanisms; however, inhibition of Akt and suppression of mTOR 1 activity are two major therapeutic approaches. Combination therapy improves the efficacy of these inhibitors to either suppress the PC progression or circumvent the resistance by cancer cells.
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12
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Li B, Jiang HY, Wang ZH, Ma YC, Bao YN, Jin Y. Effect of fenofibrate on proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells via regulating cell cycle. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1208-1221. [PMID: 33538198 DOI: 10.1177/0960327121991901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer is a malignant cancer with great harmfulness. Fenofibrate is a peroxisome proliferation activated receptor (PPARα) agonist widely used in the treatment of dyslipidemia. Previous studies have shown that fenofibrate may promote cell proliferation, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully characterized. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of PPARα agonist fenofibrate in cell proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells compared with that of THLE-2 cells. SMMC-7721 and THLE-2 cells were treated with different concentrations of fenofibrate. Cell proliferation was analyzed by MTT, using flow cytometry for cell cycle analysis, and CyclinD1, Cyclin-dependent kinases2 (CDK2) and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) were analyzed by Western blotting. RT-qPCR method was used to assess CDK2, CyclinD1 and PCNA mRNA levels. The results showed that 10-9-10-4 mol/L fenofibrate could induce cell growth and 10-4, 10-5, 10-6 mol/L fenofibrate could reduce the number of G0/G1 phase cells and increased in the number of cells in S and G2/M phase of cell cycle in SMMC-7721 cells. Furthermore, fenofibrate could significantly increase the expression of cell cycle related protein (CyclinD1, CDK2)and cell proliferation related proteins (PCNA). The use of PPARα inhibitor MT886 inhibited cell cycle progression and promote tumor cell apoptosis. But fenofibrate had no obvious effect on THLE-2 cells. These results revealed the effect of fenofibrate on the cell cycle of liver cancer cells, and provided a reasonable explanation for studying how fenofibrate promotes cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Li
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, 12485Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, 12485Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of 12485Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - H-Y Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, 12485Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, 12485Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of 12485Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Z-H Wang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, 12485Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, 12485Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of 12485Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Y-C Ma
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, 12485Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, 12485Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of 12485Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Y-N Bao
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, 12485Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, 12485Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of 12485Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Y Jin
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, 12485Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, 12485Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of 12485Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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13
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Abdelzaher WY, Abdel-Hafez SMN, Rofaeil RR, Ali AHSA, Hegazy A, Bahaa HA. The protective effect of fenofibrate, triptorelin, and their combination against premature ovarian failure in rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 394:137-149. [PMID: 32924068 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01975-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a chemotherapy alkylating agent that causes a lot of side effects including premature ovarian failure (POF). This study aimed to evaluate the possible protective effect of fenofibrate (FEN) in CP-induced POF. Rats were randomly divided into five groups as follows: negative control, CP, triptorelin (TRI)-treated, FEN (FEN)-treated, and FEN + TRI-treated. Histological study, collagen area fraction, and immunoexpression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were evaluated. Also, estrogen, anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and ovarian malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NOx), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured. CP significantly reduced ovarian follicle count, as compared with the control group (1.00 ± 0.76 versus 7.75 ± 1.83, respectively). Meanwhile, FEN, either solely or in combination with TRI, significantly increased ovarian follicle count, as compared with the CP group (3.88 ± 0.83 and 5.75 ± 1.39, respectively). As compared with the control group, CP increased the levels of MDA, NOx, IL-10, TNF-α, FSH, LH, and collagen area fraction; however, levels of GSH, SOD, VEGF, AMH, estrogen, and PCNA immunoexpression were reduced with CP. Administration of FEN either solely or in combination with TRI showed significant improvement in all the parameters previously mentioned. FEN can protect the ovary from CP-induced side effects possibly through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Remon Roshdy Rofaeil
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, 61511, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minya City, Egypt.
| | | | - AbdelRahman Hegazy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt
| | - Haitham Ahmed Bahaa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt
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14
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Shang LM, Liao XW, Zhu GZ, Huang KT, Han CY, Yang CK, Wang XK, Zhou X, Su H, Ye XP, Peng T. Genome-wide RNA-sequencing dataset reveals the prognostic value and potential molecular mechanisms of lncRNA in non-homologous end joining pathway 1 in early stage Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. J Cancer 2020; 11:5556-5567. [PMID: 32913451 PMCID: PMC7477440 DOI: 10.7150/jca.39888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Our current study is to explore the prognostic value and molecular mechanisms underlying the role of lncRNA in non-homologous end joining pathway 1 (LINP1) in early stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Methods: Genome-wide RNA-seq datasets of 112 early stage PDAC patients were got from The Cancer Genome Atlas and analyzed using multiple online tools. Results: Overall survival in high LINP1 expression patients was shorter than those with low expression (high-LINP1 vs. low-LINP1=481 vs. 592 days, log-rank P=0.0432). The multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model suggested that high-LINP1 patients had a markedly higher risk of death than low-LINP1 patients (adjusted P=0.004, hazard ratio=2.214, 95% confidence interval=1.283-3.820). Analysis of genome-wide co-expressed genes, screening of differentially expressed genes, and gene set enrichment analysis indicated that LINP1 may be involved in the regulation of cell proliferation-, cell adhesion- and cell cycle-related biological processes in PDAC. Six small-molecule compounds including STOCK1N-35874, fenofibrate, exisulind, NU-1025, vinburnine, and doxylamine were identified as potential LINP1-targeted drugs for the treatment of PDAC. Conclusions: Our study indicated that LINP1 may serve as a prognostic biomarker of early stage PDAC. Analysis of genome-wide datasets led to the elucidation of the underlying mechanisms and identified six potential targeted drugs for the treatment of early PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Shang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Wen Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Zhi Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Tuan Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuang-Ye Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Kun Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Kun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Ping Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
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15
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Abdel-Aziz AM, Abozaid SMM, Yousef RKM, Mohammed MM, Khalaf HM. Fenofibrate ameliorates testicular damage in rats with streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes: role of HO-1 and p38 MAPK. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:1645-1656. [PMID: 32515004 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00096-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since diabetes mellitus type-1 (DM-1) induces testicular oxidative and inflammatory damage with finally an ultimate male infertility, and as fenofibrate (FEN) plays an important antioxidant and anti-inflammatory role, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of FEN on diabetes-induced reproductive damage and clarifying the underlying related mechanisms. METHODS DM-1 was induced in male Wistar rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). FEN (100 mg/kg/day, orally) was administrated to diabetic rats for 4 weeks. Testicular damage was detected by estimation of both testicular and body weights, assessment of serum testosterone, testicular oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels) and testicular oxidant defenses (reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and hemeoxygenase-1). Expressions of the inflammatory markers (inducible nitric oxide synthase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6 and apoptotic marker (caspase-3) were evaluated in testicular tissue. Our results were confirmed by histopathological examination of testicular tissues. RESULTS Diabetic testicular damage was proved by both biochemical and histopathological examinations. FEN treatment reversed diabetic testicular damage; normalized the serum testosterone level, improved anti-oxidative capacity, ameliorated the pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in testicular tissue with the down regulation of p38 MAPK mediated-testicular apoptosis. CONCLUSION FEN treatment exerted a protective effect against streptozotocin-induced diabetic reproductive dysfunction not only through its powerful antioxidant and hypoglycemic effects, but also through its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effect via down-regulation of testicular p38 MAPK expression in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hanaa Mohamed Khalaf
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, 61511, Egypt.
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16
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Synergy Between Low Dose Metronomic Chemotherapy and the pH-centered Approach Against Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215438. [PMID: 31683667 PMCID: PMC6862380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Low dose metronomic chemotherapy (MC) is becoming a mainstream treatment for cancer in veterinary medicine. Its mechanism of action is anti-angiogenesis by lowering vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and increasing trombospondin-1 (TSP1). It has also been adopted as a compassionate treatment in very advanced human cancer. However, one of the main limitations of this therapy is its short-term effectiveness: 6 to 12 months, after which resistance develops. pH-centered cancer treatment (pHT) has been proposed as a complementary therapy in cancer, but it has not been adopted or tested as a mainstream protocol, in spite of existing evidence of its advantages and benefits. Many of the factors directly or indirectly involved in MC and anti-angiogenic treatment resistance are appropriately antagonized by pHT. This led to the testing of an association between these two treatments. Preliminary evidence indicates that the association of MC and pHT has the ability to reduce anti-angiogenic treatment limitations and develop synergistic anti-cancer effects. This review will describe each of these treatments and will analyze the fundamentals of their synergy.
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17
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Potent and PPARα-independent anti-proliferative action of the hypolipidemic drug fenofibrate in VEGF-dependent angiosarcomas in vitro. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6316. [PMID: 31004117 PMCID: PMC6474884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42838-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiosarcomas are highly aggressive tumors of endothelial origin, which carry a poor prognosis. Fenofibrate is a hypolipidemic drug, which acts by activating the transcription factor PPARα. It has also been widely reported to have ‘anti-cancer’ activity. The current study investigated its effect in a murine VEGF-dependent angiosarcoma cell-line, MS1 VEGF. The study utilised assays to monitor cell proliferation and viability, apoptosis, cell cycle progression, mitochondrial membrane potential, changes in protein expression, and changes in miRNA expression using microarrays. Fenofibrate showed potent anti-proliferative action in MS1 VEGF angiosarcoma cells, without inducing apoptosis. It enriched cells in G2/M cell cycle phase and hyperpolarised mitochondria. Other PPARα activators failed to mimic fenofibrate action. Inhibitors of PPARα and NFκB failed to reverse the inhibitory effect of fenofibrate and their combination with fenofibrate was cytotoxic. Fenofibrate downregulated the expression of key VEGF-effector proteins, including Akt, ERK, Bcl-2 and survivin, and a chemical inhibitor screen discovered relevance of these proteins to cell proliferation. A miRNA microarray revealed that fenofibrate differentially regulated cellular miRNAs with known roles in cancer and angiogenesis. The data raise the possibility that fenofibrate could be useful in angiosarcoma therapy, especially considering its well-established clinical safety and tolerability profile.
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18
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Hernández G, Ramírez JL, Pedroza-Torres A, Herrera LA, Jiménez-Ríos MA. The Secret Life of Translation Initiation in Prostate Cancer. Front Genet 2019; 10:14. [PMID: 30761182 PMCID: PMC6363655 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most prevalent cancer in men worldwide. Despite the advances understanding the molecular processes driving the onset and progression of this disease, as well as the continued implementation of screening programs, PCa still remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, in particular in low-income countries. It is only recently that defects of the translation process, i.e., the synthesis of proteins by the ribosome using a messenger (m)RNA as a template, have begun to gain attention as an important cause of cancer development in different human tissues, including prostate. In particular, the initiation step of translation has been established to play a key role in tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss the state-of-the-art of three key aspects of protein synthesis in PCa, namely, misexpression of translation initiation factors, dysregulation of the major signaling cascades regulating translation, and the therapeutic strategies based on pharmacological compounds targeting translation as a novel alternative to those based on hormones controlling the androgen receptor pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greco Hernández
- Translation and Cancer Laboratory, Unit of Biomedical Research on Cancer, National Institute of Cancer, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge L. Ramírez
- Translation and Cancer Laboratory, Unit of Biomedical Research on Cancer, National Institute of Cancer, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Abraham Pedroza-Torres
- Cátedra-CONACyT Program, Hereditary Cancer Clinic, National Institute of Cancer, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis A. Herrera
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, The National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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19
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Sun J, Zheng Z, Chen Q, Pan Y, Quan M, Dai Y. Fenofibrate potentiates chemosensitivity to human breast cancer cells by modulating apoptosis via AKT/NF-κB pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:773-783. [PMID: 30774365 PMCID: PMC6353220 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s191239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cumulatively, evidences revealed that fenofibrate used in the therapy of hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia has anti-cancer effect in multiple cancer types. However, its function and underlying mechanism of chemosensitization in breast cancer remain poorly understood. Materials and methods The cytotoxicity of fenofibrate and anti-cancer drugs in breast cancer cells was determined by MTT. Apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential were measured using flow cytometry. Caspases and PARP cleavage, the Bcl-2 family members’ protein expression, as well as the activation of AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways were evaluated using Western blot assay. Real-time PCR was used to determine the mRNA expression of Bcl-2 family members. Results Our data indicated that fenofibrate suppressed SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner, in the same way as paclitaxel, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), ABT-737, and doxorubicin. Subtoxic levels of fenofibrate significantly augmented paclitaxel, TRAIL, ABT-737, and doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in both these two cell lines. Fenofibrate-promoted chemosensitivity is predominantly mediated by caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation and mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization. Meanwhile, chemosensitivity promoted by fenofibrate also increased the expression of Bax and Bok and decreased the expression of Mcl-1 and Bcl-xl. Mechanistically, fenofibrate effectively reduced the phosphorylation levels of AKT and NF-κB. In addition, imiquimod, an NF-κB activator, could reverse fenofibrate-induced susceptibility to ABT-737-triggered apoptosis. Conclusion The present study provided the evidence of the underlying mechanisms on chemosensitization of fenofibrate by inducing the apoptosis of breast cancer in an AKT/NF-κB-dependent manner and implicated the potential application of fenofibrate in potentiating chemosensitivity in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Sun
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, .,Precision Medicine Center, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibao Zheng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China,
| | - Qi Chen
- Precision Medicine Center, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Pan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China,
| | - Mingming Quan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yuechu Dai
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China,
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20
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Luty M, Piwowarczyk K, Łabędź-Masłowska A, Wróbel T, Szczygieł M, Catapano J, Drabik G, Ryszawy D, Kędracka-Krok S, Madeja Z, Siedlar M, Elas M, Czyż J. Fenofibrate Augments the Sensitivity of Drug-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells to Docetaxel. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11010077. [PMID: 30641904 PMCID: PMC6356694 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metronomic agents reduce the effective doses and adverse effects of cytostatics in cancer chemotherapy. Therefore, they can enhance the treatment efficiency of drug-resistant cancers. Cytostatic and anti-angiogenic effects of fenofibrate (FF) suggest that it can be used for the metronomic chemotherapy of drug-resistant prostate tumors. To estimate the effect of FF on the drug-resistance of prostate cancer cells, we compared the reactions of naïve and drug-resistant cells to the combined treatment with docetaxel (DCX)/mitoxantrone (MTX) and FF. FF sensitized drug-resistant DU145 and PC3 cells to DCX and MTX, as illustrated by their reduced viability and invasive potential observed in the presence of DCX/MTX and FF. The synergy of the cytostatic activities of both agents was accompanied by the inactivation of P-gp-dependent efflux, dysfunction of the microtubular system, and induction of polyploidy in DCX-resistant cells. Chemical inhibition of PPARα- and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent pathways by GW6471 and N-acetyl-L-cysteine, respectively, had no effect on cell sensitivity to combined DCX/FF treatment. Instead, we observed the signs of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) deficit and autophagy in DCX/FF-treated drug-resistant cells. Furthermore, the cells that had been permanently propagated under DCX- and DCX/FF-induced stress did not acquire DCX/FF-resistance. Instead, relatively slow proliferation of DCX-resistant cells was efficiently inhibited by FF. Collectively, our observations show that FF reduces the effective doses of DCX by interfering with the drug resistance and energy metabolism of prostate cancer cells. Concomitantly, it impairs the chemotherapy-induced microevolution and expansion of DCX/FF-resistant cells. Therefore, FF can be applied as a metronomic agent to enhance the efficiency of palliative chemotherapy of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Luty
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Piwowarczyk
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Anna Łabędź-Masłowska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Wróbel
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Szczygieł
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Jessica Catapano
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Grażyna Drabik
- Department of Transplantology, Institute of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 265 Wielicka Str., 30-663 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Damian Ryszawy
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Kędracka-Krok
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków; and Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Zbigniew Madeja
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Maciej Siedlar
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 265 Wielicka Str., 30-663 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Martyna Elas
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Czyż
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
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21
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Lee J, Lee J, Cho YS. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α Agonist and Its Target Nanog Cooperate to Induce Pluripotency. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7120488. [PMID: 30486372 PMCID: PMC6306698 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7120488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The pharmaceutical compounds that modulate pluripotent stem cell (PSC) identity and function are increasingly adopted to generate qualified PSCs and their derivatives, which have promising potential in regenerative medicine, in pursuit of more accuracy and safety and less cost. Here, we demonstrate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) agonist as a novel enhancer of pluripotency acquisition and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) generation. We found that PPARα agonist, examined and selected Food and Drug Administration (FDA) -approved compound libraries, increase the expression of pluripotency-associated genes, such as Nanog, Nr5A2, Oct4, and Rex1, during the reprogramming process and facilitate iPSC generation by enhancing their reprogramming efficiency. A reprogramming-promoting effect of PPARα occurred via the upregulation of Nanog, which is essential for the induction and maintenance of pluripotency. Through bioinformatic analysis, we identified putative peroxisome proliferator responsive elements (PPREs) located within the promoter region of the Nanog gene. We also determined that PPARα can activate Nanog transcription by specific binding to putative PPREs. Taken together, our findings suggest that PPARα is an important regulator of PSC pluripotency and reprogramming, and PPARα agonists can be used to improve PSC technology and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungwoon Lee
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Jinhyuk Lee
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Biotechnology, KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Yee Sook Cho
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Bioscience, KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea.
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22
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Tao T, Zhao F, Xuan Q, Shen Z, Xiao J, Shen Q. Fenofibrate inhibits the growth of prostate cancer through regulating autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:2685-2689. [PMID: 30098788 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fenofibrate is a fibric acid derivative which exhibits a role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha agonist. It is widely utilized in therapy of hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia. Its anticancer function is discovered in recent years. However, the role of fenofibrate in prostate cancer (PCa) is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the function and mechanism of fenofibrate in PCa cells. Firstly, fenofibrate treated PCa cells showed more apoptosis compared with the control group. Further, we found that fenofibrate induced autophagy but finally blocked its complete flux in PCa cells through regulating AMPK-mTOR pathway. The intermediate metabolite from uncompleted autophagy induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) via PERK and IRE1 signalings. In vivo mice model confirmed that fenofibrate inhibited the growth of PCa. This study suggests that fenofibrate is an effective inhibitor of PCa by regulating autophagy and ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, PR China
| | - Fenglun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, PR China
| | - Qiang Xuan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, PR China
| | - Zhou Shen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, PR China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, PR China.
| | - Qi Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, PR China.
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23
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Refaie MMM, Rifaai RA, Zenhom NM. Role of PPAR-α agonist fenofibrate in the treatment of induced benign prostatic hyperplasia with dysplastic changes in rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2018; 32:617-626. [PMID: 29862557 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nearly all men who reach average life expectancy have prostate disease. The most common is benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) had protective effect in different models, but still, there are no studies explain its role in BPH. So that we investigated the effect of fenofibrate (FEN) on induced BPH by testosterone propionate (TP) (3 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks) subcutaneous injection followed by FEN (300 mg/kg/day) was given orally for 4 weeks. We measured prostate weights changes, prostatic tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in serum were determined. The mRNA gene expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), PPARα, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in prostatic tissue were also measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the histopathological changes and activated caspase3 immunoexpression were evaluated. Our results showed that TP succeeded in induction of BPH, which was detected by significant increase in prostate weights, prostatic tissue MDA, serum levels of DHT, PSA, and mRNA gene expression of PCNA but significant decrease in PPARα and GPx gene expression. Moreover, TAC in serum and SOD level in prostate tissue decreased. The histopathological examination showed typical changes of BPH with dysplastic changes with marked decrease in activated caspase3 immunoexpression indicating marked suppression of the apoptotic process. FEN significantly improved all disturbed parameters of BPH model. Moreover, there are no dysplastic changes with co-administration of FEN to BPH induced group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M M Refaie
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, 61511, Minia, Egypt
| | - Rehab A Rifaai
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, 61511, Minia, Egypt
| | - Nagwa M Zenhom
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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