1
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Jiang Y, Ni S, Xiao B, Jia L. Function, mechanism and drug discovery of ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like modification with multiomics profiling for cancer therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:4341-4372. [PMID: 37969742 PMCID: PMC10638515 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin (Ub) and ubiquitin-like (Ubl) pathways are critical post-translational modifications that determine whether functional proteins are degraded or activated/inactivated. To date, >600 associated enzymes have been reported that comprise a hierarchical task network (e.g., E1-E2-E3 cascade enzymatic reaction and deubiquitination) to modulate substrates, including enormous oncoproteins and tumor-suppressive proteins. Several strategies, such as classical biochemical approaches, multiomics, and clinical sample analysis, were combined to elucidate the functional relations between these enzymes and tumors. In this regard, the fundamental advances and follow-on drug discoveries have been crucial in providing vital information concerning contemporary translational efforts to tailor individualized treatment by targeting Ub and Ubl pathways. Correspondingly, emphasizing the current progress of Ub-related pathways as therapeutic targets in cancer is deemed essential. In the present review, we summarize and discuss the functions, clinical significance, and regulatory mechanisms of Ub and Ubl pathways in tumorigenesis as well as the current progress of small-molecular drug discovery. In particular, multiomics analyses were integrated to delineate the complexity of Ub and Ubl modifications for cancer therapy. The present review will provide a focused and up-to-date overview for the researchers to pursue further studies regarding the Ub and Ubl pathways targeted anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Biying Xiao
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lijun Jia
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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2
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Seo D, Roh J, Chae Y, Kim W. Gene expression profiling after LINC00472 overexpression in an NSCLC cell line. Cancer Biomark 2021; 32:175-188. [PMID: 34397405 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-210242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer accounts for a large proportion of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Personalized therapeutic medicine based on the genetic characteristics of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a promising field, and discovering clinically applicable biomarkers of NSCLC is required. LINC00472 is a long non-coding RNA and has been recently suggested to be a biomarker of NSCLC, but little is known of its mechanism in NSCLC. Thus, the current study was performed to document changes in gene expression after LINC00472 overexpression in NSCLC cells. As a result of cell viability and migration assay, LINC00472 downregulated cell survival, proliferation, and motility. Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed 3,782 genes expression were changed in LINC00472 overexpressing cells. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed most genes were associated with intracellular metabolism. The PPP1R12B, RGS5, RBM5, RBL2, LDLR and PTPRM genes were upregulated by LINC00472 overexpression and these genes functioned as tumor suppressors in several cancers. In contrast, SPSB1, PCNA, CD24, CDK5, CDC25A, and EIF4EBP1 were downregulated by LINC00472, and they functioned as oncogenes in various cancers. Consequently, the function of LINC00472 in tumorigenesis might be related to changes in the expressions of other oncogenes and tumor suppressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danbi Seo
- Department of Science Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.,Department of Science Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwook Roh
- Department of Science Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.,Department of Science Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsoo Chae
- Department of Science Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanyeon Kim
- Department of Science Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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3
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The Involvement of Ubiquitination Machinery in Cell Cycle Regulation and Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115754. [PMID: 34072267 PMCID: PMC8198665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell cycle is a collection of events by which cellular components such as genetic materials and cytoplasmic components are accurately divided into two daughter cells. The cell cycle transition is primarily driven by the activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which activities are regulated by the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of key regulators such as cyclins, CDK inhibitors (CKIs), other kinases and phosphatases. Thus, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of the cell cycle progression via recognition, interaction, and ubiquitination or deubiquitination of key proteins. The illegitimate degradation of tumor suppressor or abnormally high accumulation of oncoproteins often results in deregulation of cell proliferation, genomic instability, and cancer occurrence. In this review, we demonstrate the diversity and complexity of the regulation of UPS machinery of the cell cycle. A profound understanding of the ubiquitination machinery will provide new insights into the regulation of the cell cycle transition, cancer treatment, and the development of anti-cancer drugs.
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4
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Zhu Y, Ferri-Borgogno S, Sheng J, Yeung TL, Burks JK, Cappello P, Jazaeri AA, Kim JH, Han GH, Birrer MJ, Mok SC, Wong STC. SIO: A Spatioimageomics Pipeline to Identify Prognostic Biomarkers Associated with the Ovarian Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1777. [PMID: 33917869 PMCID: PMC8068305 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Stromal and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) have been shown to directly affect high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) malignant phenotypes, however, how these cells interact to influence HGSC patients' survival remains largely unknown. To investigate the cell-cell communication in such a complex TME, we developed a SpatioImageOmics (SIO) pipeline that combines imaging mass cytometry (IMC), location-specific transcriptomics, and deep learning to identify the distribution of various stromal, tumor and immune cells as well as their spatial relationship in TME. The SIO pipeline automatically and accurately segments cells and extracts salient cellular features to identify biomarkers, and multiple nearest-neighbor interactions among tumor, immune, and stromal cells that coordinate to influence overall survival rates in HGSC patients. In addition, SIO integrates IMC data with microdissected tumor and stromal transcriptomes from the same patients to identify novel signaling networks, which would lead to the discovery of novel survival rate-modulating mechanisms in HGSC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Center for Modeling Cancer Development, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Y.Z.); (J.S.)
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Radiology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sammy Ferri-Borgogno
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.F.-B.); (T.-L.Y.); (A.A.J.)
| | - Jianting Sheng
- Center for Modeling Cancer Development, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Y.Z.); (J.S.)
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Radiology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tsz-Lun Yeung
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.F.-B.); (T.-L.Y.); (A.A.J.)
| | - Jared K. Burks
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Paola Cappello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Amir A. Jazaeri
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.F.-B.); (T.-L.Y.); (A.A.J.)
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (G.H.H.)
| | - Gwan Hee Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (G.H.H.)
| | - Michael J. Birrer
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Samuel C. Mok
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.F.-B.); (T.-L.Y.); (A.A.J.)
| | - Stephen T. C. Wong
- Center for Modeling Cancer Development, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Y.Z.); (J.S.)
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Radiology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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5
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Hwang JR, Kim WY, Cho YJ, Ryu JY, Choi JJ, Jeong SY, Kim MS, Kim JH, Paik ES, Lee YY, Han HD, Lee JW. Chloroquine reverses chemoresistance via upregulation of p21 WAF1/CIP1 and autophagy inhibition in ovarian cancer. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:1034. [PMID: 33277461 PMCID: PMC7718923 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03242-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Overcoming drug-resistance is a big challenge to improve the survival of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). In this study, we investigated the effect of chloroquine (CQ) and its combination with cisplatin (CDDP) in drug-resistant EOC cells. We used the three EOC cell lines CDDP-resistant A2780-CP20, RMG-1 cells, and CDDP-sensitive A2780 cells. The CQ-CDDP combination significantly decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis in all cell lines. The combination induced expression of γH2AX, a DNA damage marker protein, and induced G2/M cell cycle arrest. Although the CQ-CDDP combination decreased protein expression of ATM and ATR, phosphorylation of ATM was increased and expression of p21WAF1/CIP1 was also increased in CQ-CDDP-treated cells. Knockdown of p21WAF1/CIP1 by shRNA reduced the expression of γH2AX and phosphorylated ATM and inhibited caspase-3 activity but induced ATM protein expression. Knockdown of p21WAF1/CIP1 partly inhibited CQ-CDDP-induced G2/M arrest, demonstrating that knockdown of p21WAF1/CIP1 overcame the cytotoxic effect of the CQ-CDDP combination. Ectopic expression of p21WAF1/CIP1 in CDDP-treated ATG5-shRNA/A2780-CP20 cells increased expression of γH2AX and caspase-3 activity, demonstrating increased DNA damage and cell death. The inhibition of autophagy by ATG5-shRNA demonstrated similar results upon CDDP treatment, except p21WAF1/CIP1 expression. In an in vivo efficacy study, the CQ-CDDP combination significantly decreased tumor weight and increased expression of γH2AX and p21WAF1/CIP1 in A2780-CP20 orthotopic xenografts and a drug-resistant patient-derived xenograft model of EOC compared with controls. These results demonstrated that CQ increases cytotoxicity in combination with CDDP by inducing lethal DNA damage by induction of p21WAF1/CIP1 expression and autophagy inhibition in CDDP-resistant EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Ryoung Hwang
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo Young Kim
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jae Cho
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Ryu
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Joo Choi
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Sun Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - E Sun Paik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Young Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Dong Han
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Jang SM, Redon CE, Thakur BL, Bahta MK, Aladjem MI. Regulation of cell cycle drivers by Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1637-1651. [PMID: 33005013 PMCID: PMC8080560 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00508-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decade has revealed new roles for Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) in a myriad of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression. In addition to CRL1, also named SCF (SKP1-Cullin 1-F box protein), which has been known for decades as an important factor in the regulation of the cell cycle, it is now evident that all eight CRL family members are involved in the intricate cellular pathways driving cell cycle progression. In this review, we summarize the structure of CRLs and their functions in driving the cell cycle. We focus on how CRLs target key proteins for degradation or otherwise alter their functions to control the progression over the various cell cycle phases leading to cell division. We also summarize how CRLs and the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) ligase complex closely cooperate to govern efficient cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Min Jang
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4255, USA.
| | - Christophe E Redon
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4255, USA
| | - Bhushan L Thakur
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4255, USA
| | - Meriam K Bahta
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4255, USA
| | - Mirit I Aladjem
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4255, USA.
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7
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Zhao Y, Xiong X, Sun Y. Cullin-RING Ligase 5: Functional characterization and its role in human cancers. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 67:61-79. [PMID: 32334051 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cullin-RING ligase 5 (CRL5) is a multi-protein complex and consists of a scaffold protien cullin 5, a RING protein RBX2 (also known as ROC2 or SAG), adaptor proteins Elongin B/C, and a substrate receptor protein SOCS. Through targeting a variety of substrates for proteasomal degradation or modulating various protein-protein interactions, CRL5 is involved in regulation of many biological processes, such as cytokine signal transduction, inflammation, viral infection, and oncogenesis. As many substrates of CRL5 are well-known oncoproteins or tumor suppressors, abnormal regulation of CRL5 is commonly found in human cancers. In this review, we first briefly introduce each of CRL5 components, and then discuss the biological processes regulated by four members of SOCS-box-containing substrate receptor family through substrate degradation. We next describe how CRL5 is hijacked by a variety of viral proteins to degrade host anti-viral proteins, which facilitates virus infection. We further discuss the regulation of CUL5 and its various roles in human cancers, acting as either a tumor suppressor or an oncoprotein in a context-dependent manner. Finally, we propose novel insights for future perspectives on the validation of cullin5 and other CRL5 components as potential targets, and possible targeting strategies to discover CRL5 inhibitors for anti-cancer and anti-virus therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiufang Xiong
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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8
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Wang C, Jiang X, Li X, Song S, Meng Q, Wang L, Lu Y, Xin X, Pu H, Gui X, Li T, Lu D. Long noncoding RNA HULC accelerates the growth of human liver cancer stem cells by upregulating CyclinD1 through miR675-PKM2 pathway via autophagy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:8. [PMID: 31900225 PMCID: PMC6942366 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The functions of HULC have been demonstrated in several cancers. However, its mechanism has not been elucidated in human liver cancer stem cells. METHODS Liver cancer stem cells were isolated from Huh7 cells; gene infection and tumorigenesis test in vitro and in vivo were performed. RESULTS We demonstrate that HULC promotes growth of liver cancer stem cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, HULC enhances the expression of Sirt1 dependent on miR675 and then induces the cellular autophagy through Sirt1. HULC enhances CyclinD1 and thereby increases pRB and inhibited P21 WAF1/CIP 1 via autophagy-miR675-PKM2 pathway in human liver cancer stem cells. Ultimately, our results demonstrate that CyclinD1 is required for the oncogenic functions of HULC in liver cancer stem cells. CONCLUSIONS It reveals the key molecular signaling pathways for HULC and provides important basic information for finding effective tumor therapeutic targets based on HULC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaoxue Jiang
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaonan Li
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shuting Song
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qiuyu Meng
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Liyan Wang
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yanan Lu
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaoru Xin
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hu Pu
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xin Gui
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Tianming Li
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Dongdong Lu
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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9
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Zhang S, Yu C, Yang X, Hong H, Lu J, Hu W, Hao X, Li S, Aikemu B, Yang G, He Z, Zhang L, Xue P, Cai Z, Ma J, Zang L, Feng B, Yuan F, Sun J, Zheng M. N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 inhibits the proliferation of colorectal cancer through emulative antagonizing NEDD4-mediated ubiquitylation of p21. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:490. [PMID: 31831018 PMCID: PMC6909641 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1476-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) has been shown to play a key role in tumor metastasis. Recent studies demonstrate that NDRG1 can suppress tumor growth and is related to tumor proliferation; however, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain obscure. METHODS Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect NDRG1 and p21 protein expression in colorectal cancer tissue, and clinical significance of NDRG1 was also analyzed. CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, and xenograft model were used to assess the effect of NDRG1 on tumor proliferation in vivo and in vitro. The mechanisms underlying the effect of NDRG1 were investigated using western blotting, immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, and ubiquitylation assay. RESULTS NDRG1 was down-regulated in CRC tissues and correlated with tumor size and patient survival. NDRG1 inhibited tumor proliferation through increasing p21 expression via suppressing p21 ubiquitylation. NDRG1 and p21 had a positive correlation both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, E3 ligase NEDD4 could directly interact with and target p21 for degradation. Moreover, NDRG1 could emulatively antagonize NEDD4-mediated ubiquitylation of p21, increasing p21 expression and inhibit tumor proliferation. CONCLUSION Our study could fulfill potential mechanisms of the NDRG1 during tumorigenesis and metastasis, which may serve as a tumor suppressor and potential target for new therapies in human colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoran Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hiju Hong
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaoyang Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Hao
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuchun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Batuer Aikemu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zirui He
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Luyang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Xue
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenghao Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjun Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Zang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Minhua Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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