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Rastogi SK, Khanka S, Kumar S, Lakra A, Rathur R, Sharma K, Bisen AC, Bhatta RS, Kumar R, Singh D, Sinha AK. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel pyrimidine derivatives as bone anabolic agents promoting osteogenesis via the BMP2/SMAD1 signaling pathway. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:677-694. [PMID: 38389884 PMCID: PMC10880903 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00500c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Anti-resorptive inhibitors such as bisphosphonates are widely used but they have limited efficacy and serious side effects. Though subcutaneous injection of teriparatide [PTH (1-34)] is an effective anabolic therapy, long-term repeated subcutaneous administration is not recommended. Henceforth, orally bio-available small-molecule-based novel therapeutics are unmet medical needs to improve the treatment. In this study, we designed, synthesized, and carried out a biological evaluation of 31 pyrimidine derivatives as potent bone anabolic agents. A series of in vitro experiments confirmed N-(5-bromo-4-(4-bromophenyl)-6-(2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)hexanamide (18a) as the most efficacious anabolic agent at 1 pM. It promoted osteogenesis by upregulating the expression of osteogenic genes (RUNX2 and type 1 col) via activation of the BMP2/SMAD1 signaling pathway. In vitro osteogenic potential was further validated using an in vivo fracture defect model where compound 18a promoted the bone formation rate at 5 mg kg-1. We also established the structure-activity relationship and pharmacokinetic studies of 18a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit K Rastogi
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002. U.P. India
| | - Sonu Khanka
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002. U.P. India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002. U.P. India
| | - Amardeep Lakra
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Rajat Rathur
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002. U.P. India
| | - Kriti Sharma
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002. U.P. India
| | - Amol Chhatrapati Bisen
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002. U.P. India
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Rabi Sankar Bhatta
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002. U.P. India
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Ravindra Kumar
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002. U.P. India
| | - Divya Singh
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002. U.P. India
| | - Arun K Sinha
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002. U.P. India
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Deng Y, Luo N, Xie M, He L, Jiang R, Hu N, Wen J, Jiang X. Transcriptome landscape comparison of periodontium in developmental and renewal stages. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1154931. [PMID: 37008900 PMCID: PMC10050752 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1154931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Periodontium regeneration remains a significant challenge in clinics and research, and it is essential to understand the stage-specific biological process in situ. However, differing findings have been reported, and the mechanism has yet to be elucidated. The periodontium of adult mice molars is considered to be stable remodeling tissue. At the same time, the continuously growing incisors and the developing dental follicle (DF) of postnatal mice highly represent fast remodeling tissue. In this study, we attempted to explore different clues of temporal and spatial comparisons to provide improved references for periodontal regeneration. METHODS Periodontal tissues from the developing periodontium (DeP) of postnatal mice, and continuously growing periodontium (CgP) and stable remodeling periodontium (ReP) of adult mice were isolated and compared using RNA sequencing. Based on the Dep and CgP separately compared with the ReP, differentially expressed genes and signaling pathways were analyzed using GO, KEGG databases, and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). The results and validation were obtained by immunofluorescence staining and RT-PCR assays. Data were expressed as means ± standard deviation (SD) and analyzed by GraphPad Prism 8 software package, and one-way ANOVA was used to test multiple groups. RESULTS Principal component analysis showed that the three groups of periodontal tissue were successfully isolated and had distinct expression profiles. A total of 792 and 612 DEGs were identified in the DeP and CgP groups compared with the ReP. Upregulated DEGs in the DeP were closely related to developmental processes, while the CgP showed significantly enhanced cellular energy metabolism. The DeP and CgP showed a common downregulation of the immune response, with activation, migration, and recruitment of immune cells. IPA and further validation jointly suggested that the MyD88/p38 MAPK pathway played an essential regulatory role in periodontium remodeling. CONCLUSION Tissue development, energy metabolism, and immune response were critical regulatory processes during periodontal remodeling. Developmental and adult stages of periodontal remodeling showed different expression patterns. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of periodontal development and remodeling and may provide references for periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Deng
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Luo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Xie
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ruixue Jiang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Hu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Endodontics, Ninth People’ Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Wen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xinquan Jiang, ; Jin Wen,
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xinquan Jiang, ; Jin Wen,
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Botanicals and Oral Stem Cell Mediated Regeneration: A Paradigm Shift from Artificial to Biological Replacement. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182792. [PMID: 36139367 PMCID: PMC9496740 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are a well-known autologous pluripotent cell source, having excellent potential to develop into specialized cells, such as brain, skin, and bone marrow cells. The oral cavity is reported to be a rich source of multiple types of oral stem cells, including the dental pulp, mucosal soft tissues, periodontal ligament, and apical papilla. Oral stem cells were useful for both the regeneration of soft tissue components in the dental pulp and mineralized structure regeneration, such as bone or dentin, and can be a viable substitute for traditionally used bone marrow stem cells. In recent years, several studies have reported that plant extracts or compounds promoted the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of different oral stem cells. This review is carried out by following the PRISMA guidelines and focusing mainly on the effects of bioactive compounds on oral stem cell-mediated dental, bone, and neural regeneration. It is observed that in recent years studies were mainly focused on the utilization of oral stem cell-mediated regeneration of bone or dental mesenchymal cells, however, the utility of bioactive compounds on oral stem cell-mediated regeneration requires additional assessment beyond in vitro and in vivo studies, and requires more randomized clinical trials and case studies.
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Lerrick RI. Synthesis of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) 2,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde from Indonesian Calamus oil and Its In Silico Pharmacokinetic Study. CAN J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2022-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Seeking Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory painkillers are in the race due to the escalating cases of the life-threatening COVID-19 pandemic. Those current Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) used as an inflammation adjunct treatment on the COVID-19 patients including Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, and Celecoxib, are still under dispute offering emergency development of a new potent NSAID. Meanwhile, a well-known COX-2 selective anti-inflammation 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehye has not been developed further in terms of its synthetic methodology and as well its pharmacokinetic studies. Here, an article on the synthesis of 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde from Indonesia Sweet Flag (Acorus calamus) and as well its pharmacokinetic properties studied through in silico calculation was published. A typical Asian tetraploid calamus oil was yielded in 90% pure after doing reduced pressure distillation of the crude Indonesian Sweet flag oil. Submission of that oil into a very cheap DIY ozone machine produced 95% of pure 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde just in 10 minutes ozonised. The in silico Adsorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (ADMET) prediction using free access ADMETlab 2.0 web server strongly recommended the 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde to be an orally administered NSAID candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinner Ishaq Lerrick
- University of Nusa Cendana Faculty of Science and Engineering, 562405, School of Chemistry, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
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Can Plant Materials Be Valuable in the Treatment of Periodontal Diseases? Practical Review. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122185. [PMID: 34959467 PMCID: PMC8705740 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are one of the most significant challenges in dental health. It is estimated that only a few percent of the worldwide population have entirely healthy teeth, and according to WHO, oral diseases may affect up to 3.5 billion people worldwide. One of the most serious oral diseases is periodontitis, an inflammatory disease affecting periodontal tissues, caused by pathogenic bacteria and environmental factors such as the ageing population, abuse of tobacco products, and lack of adequate oral hygiene due low public awareness. Plant materials are widely and successfully used in the management of many conditions, including periodontitis. Plant materials for periodontitis exhibit antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities and affect the periodontium structure. Numerous studies demonstrate the advantages of phytotherapy for periodontitis relief and indicate the usefulness of Baikal skullcap root, Pomegranate fruit peel and root cortex, Tea leaves, Chamomile flowers, Magnolia bark, Blackberry leaves and fruits, Cranberry fruits and Lippia sidoides essential oil. This review aims to analyze the use and applicability of selected plant materials in periodontitis management since it is of paramount importance to evaluate the evidence of the traditionally used plant materials in light of continuously growing interest in phytotherapy and its adjuvant role in the treatment of periodontitis.
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