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Yang SQ, Zhao X, Zhang J, Liao DY, Wang YH, Wang YG. Ferroptosis in renal fibrosis: a mini-review. J Drug Target 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38721679 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2353363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death that is iron-dependent and distinct from autophagy, apoptosis, and necroptosis. It is primarily characterised by a decrease in glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) activity, or by the accumulation of lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Renal fibrosis is a common pathological change in the progression of various primary and secondary renal diseases to end-stage renal disease and poses a serious threat to human health with high morbidity and mortality. Multiple pathways contribute to the development of renal fibrosis, with ferroptosis playing a crucial role in renal fibrosis pathogenesis due to its involvement in the production of ROS. Ferroptosis is related to several signalling pathways, including System Xc-/GPX4, abnormal iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation. A number of studies have indicated that ferroptosis is closely involved in the process of renal fibrosis caused by various kidney diseases such as glomerulonephritis, renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury, diabetic nephropathy and renal calculus. Identifying the underlying molecular mechanisms that determine cell death would open up new insights to address a therapeutic strategy to renal fibrosis. The review aimed to browse and summarise the known mechanisms of ferroptosis that may be associated with biological reactions of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Qi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, TianJin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, TianJin, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, TianJin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, TianJin, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, TianJin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, TianJin, China
| | - Dong-Ying Liao
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, TianJin, China
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, TianJin, China
| | - Yu-Han Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, TianJin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, TianJin, China
| | - Yao-Guang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, TianJin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, TianJin, China
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Shi Y, Shi X, Zhao M, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Liu J, Duan H, Yang B, Zhang Y. Ferroptosis is involved in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22250. [PMID: 38097813 PMCID: PMC10721625 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49697-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore whether ferroptosis is involved in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and its mechanism. The FSGS rat model was constructed by single nephrectomy combined with fractional tail vein injection of doxorubicin. 24-hour urine protein, serum biochemistry, HE, PAS and Masson pathological staining were measured to assess renal injury. Glomerular and morphological changes of ferroptosis were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Iron content in renal tissue was assessed by Prussian blue staining and iron detection. GSH/GSSG kit was used to detect the content and proportion of reduced/oxidized glutathione. Lipid peroxidation related proteins including MDA expression was assessed by colorimetry. The iron metabolism biomarkers such as hepcidin, ferroportin and TFR, ferroptosis biomarkers such as GPX4, ACSL4, and ferritinophagy biomarkers such as LC3II/LC3I, NCOA4, and FTH1 were detected by Western blot. Significant urinary protein, hyperlipidemia, azotemia, increased serum creatinine and hypoproteinemia were observed in FSGS rats. Histology and electron microscopy showed segmental sclerosis of glomeruli, compensatory enlargement of some glomeruli, occlusion of capillary lumen, balloon adhesion, increased mesangial matrix, atrophy of some tubules, and renal interstitial fibrosis in renal tissue of FSGS rats. The morphology of glomerular foot processes disappeared; the foot processes were extensively fused and some foot processes detached. Mitochondria became smaller, membrane density increased, and mitochondrial cristae decreased or disappeared. In addition, iron deposition was observed in renal tissue of FSGS rats. Compared with the control group, the levels of GSH, GSH/GSSG, GPX4, and ferroportin were reduced and the expression of GSSG, MDA, ACSL4, hepcidin, and TFR was increased in the renal tissue of FSGS rats; meanwhile, the expression of LC3II/LC3I and NCOA4 was increased and the expression of FTH1 was decreased. Ferroptosis is involved in the pathological progression of FSGS, which is probably associated with activation of ferritinophagy. This represents a potential therapeutic target for FSGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 1, Xiyuan Playground, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xiujie Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 1, Xiyuan Playground, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 1, Xiyuan Playground, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 1, Xiyuan Playground, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 1, Xiyuan Playground, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 1, Xiyuan Playground, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Hangyu Duan
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 1, Xiyuan Playground, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Pathology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 1, Xiyuan Playground, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 1, Xiyuan Playground, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China.
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