Application of dual chemotherapeutic drug delivery system based on metal-organic framework platform in enhancing tumor regression for breast cancer research

Intelligent Sensing Switches in Drug Delivery Systems: Mechanisms, Material Selection, and Future Perspectives

The intelligence and controllability of drug delivery systems (DDS) are crucial for enhancing therapeutic efficacy and minimizing side effects. Among these, DDS responsive switches play a pivotal role in precisely regulating the timing and spatial distribution of drug release in response to specific physiological environments within the body or external stimuli. Based on the origin of stimuli, they can be categorized into endogenous and exogenous stimuli. This paper reviews various types of stimulus-responsive switches, including dual-stimulus responsive switches, and elaborates on the drug release mechanisms of each intelligent switch. It summarizes the advantages and limitations of different stimulus-responsive systems, highlights the properties of commonly used temperature-sensitive materials, and discusses the applications of popular nano-engineered materials in pH and electromagnetic-responsive switches. Finally, the paper provides an outlook on the future of DDS, focusing on achieving more precise control, as well as ensuring clinical stability and reliability.