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Shen Q, Zeng X, Kong L, Sun X, Shi J, Wu Z, Guo Y, Pan D. Research Progress of Nitrite Metabolism in Fermented Meat Products. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071485. [PMID: 37048306 PMCID: PMC10094046 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrite is a common color and flavor enhancer in fermented meat products, but its secondary amines may transfer to the carcinogen N-nitrosamines. This review focuses on the sources, degradation, limitations, and alteration techniques of nitrite. The transition among NO3− and NO2−, NH4+, and N2 constitutes the balance of nitrogen. Exogenous addition is the most common source of nitrite in fermented meat products, but it can also be produced by contamination and endogenous microbial synthesis. While nitrite is degraded by acids, enzymes, and other metabolites produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), four nitrite reductase enzymes play a leading role. At a deeper level, nitrite metabolism is primarily regulated by the genes found in these bacteria. By incorporating antioxidants, chromogenic agents, bacteriostats, LAB, or non-thermal plasma sterilization, the amount of nitrite supplied can be decreased, or even eliminated. Finally, the aim of producing low-nitrite fermented meat products is expected to be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Xiaoqun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Lingyu Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Xiaoqian Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Yuxing Guo
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China
| | - Daodong Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo 315800, China
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El-Wakil ES, Shaker S, Aboushousha T, Abdel-Hameed ESS, Osman EEA. In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic and chemical studies of Cyperus rotundus L. extracts. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:15. [PMID: 36658562 PMCID: PMC9850539 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03839-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichinellosis, a zoonosis caused by the genus Trichinella, is a widespread foodborne disease. Albendazole, one of the benzimidazole derivatives, is used for treating human trichinellosis, but with limited efficacy in killing the encysted larvae and numerous adverse effects. Cyperus rotundus L. is a herbal plant with a wide range of medicinal uses, including antiparasitic, and is frequently used in traditional medicine to treat various illnesses. METHODS LC-ESI-MS was used to identify the active phytoconstituents in the methanol extract (MeOH ext.) of the aerial parts of C. rotundus and its derivate fractions ethyl acetate (EtOAc fr.), petroleum ether (pet-ether fr.), and normal butanol (n-BuOH fr.). The in vivo therapeutic effects of C. rotundus fractions of the extracts were evaluated using the fraction that showed the most promising effect after detecting their in vitro anti-Trichinella spiralis potential. RESULTS C. rotundus extracts are rich in different phytochemicals, and the LC-ESI-MS of the 90% methanol extract identified 26 phenolic compounds classified as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and organic acids. The in vitro studies showed that C. rotundus extracts had a lethal effect on T. spiralis adults, and the LC50 were 156.12 µg/ml, 294.67 µg/ml, 82.09 µg/ml, and 73.16 µg/ml in 90% MeOH ext., EtOAc fr., pet-ether fr. and n-BuOH fr., respectively. The n-BuOH fr. was shown to have the most promising effects in the in vitro studies, which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The in vivo effects of n-BuOH fr. alone and in combination with albendazole using a mouse model were evaluated by counting adults in the small intestine and larvae in the muscles, in addition to the histopathological changes in the small intestine and the muscles. In the treated groups, there was a significant decrease in the number of adults and larvae compared to the control group. Histopathologically, treated groups showed a remarkable improvement in the small intestine and muscle changes. Remarkably, maximal therapeutic effects were detected in the combination therapy compared to each monotherapy. CONCLUSION Accordingly, C. rotundus extracts may have anti-T. spiralis potential, particularly when combined with albendazole, and they may be used as synergistic to anti-T. spiralis medication therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman S. El-Wakil
- grid.420091.e0000 0001 0165 571XDepartment of Parasitology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El-Nile St, 12411 Giza, Egypt
| | - Shimaa Shaker
- grid.420091.e0000 0001 0165 571XDepartment of Parasitology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El-Nile St, 12411 Giza, Egypt
| | - Tarek Aboushousha
- grid.420091.e0000 0001 0165 571XDepartment of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El-Nile St, 12411 Giza, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed S. Abdel-Hameed
- grid.420091.e0000 0001 0165 571XDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El-Nile St, 12411 Giza, Egypt
| | - Ezzat E. A. Osman
- grid.420091.e0000 0001 0165 571XDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El-Nile St, 12411 Giza, Egypt
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Gao X, Xia L, Fan Y, Jin C, Xiong G, Hao X, Fu L, Lian W. Evaluation of coloration, nitrite residue and antioxidant capacity of theaflavins, tea polyphenols in cured sausage. Meat Sci 2022; 192:108877. [PMID: 35671627 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of theaflavins (TFs), tea polyphenols (TP) and vitamin C (VC) on the nitrite residue amount, color, antioxidant capacity and N-nitrosamines inhibition in cured sausage. The addition of TFs, TP and VC combined with NaNO2 respectively could significantly increase the a* value, nitroso pigment content and DPPH free radical scavenging rate, and effectively reduced the content of residual nitrite, metmyoglobin (MetMb) and total N-nitrosamines in cured sausages than treated only with NaNO2 (P < 0.05), of which TFs group was the most significant (P < 0.05). It was indicated that the addition of TFs, TP could better inhibit the oxidation of cured sausages. UV-vis spectroscopy also showed pentacoordinate nitrosyl ferrohemochrome was the main pigment component in the samples. The results demonstrated that TFs and TP could contribute to the desired color and safety of sausage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Gao
- Henan Universality of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Luyang Xia
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Agro-products Processing, College of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yaqi Fan
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Agro-products Processing, College of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Changchun Jin
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Agro-products Processing, College of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Guoyuan Xiong
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Agro-products Processing, College of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Xiuzhen Hao
- Henan Universality of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Li Fu
- Henan Universality of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Weishuai Lian
- Henan Universality of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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Sun J, Li Q, Li J, Liu J, Xu F. Nutritional composition and antioxidant properties of the fruit of Berberis heteropoda Schrenk. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262622. [PMID: 35390002 PMCID: PMC8989241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study assessed the major nutrients and antioxidant properties of Berberis heteropoda Schrenk fruits collected from the Nanshan Mountain area of Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Methods and materials We assessed the basic nutrients, including amino acids, minerals, and fatty acids, and determined the total phenol, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents of the extracts. Results The analytical results revealed the average water (75.22 g/100 g), total fat (0.506 g/100 g), total protein (2.55 g/100 g), ash (1.31 g/100 g), and carbohydrate (17.72 g/100 g) contents in fresh B. heteropoda fruit, with total phenol, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents of B. heteropoda fruits at 68.55 mg gallic acid equivalents/g, 108.42 mg quercetin equivalents/g, and 19.83 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent/g, respectively. Additionally, UPLC-Q-TOF-MSE analysis of polyphenols in B. heteropoda fruit revealed 32 compounds. Conclusion B. heteropoda fruits may have potential nutraceutical value and represent a potential source of nutrition and antioxidant phytochemicals in the human diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixiang Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Qian Li
- People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Jianguang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Jing Liu
- People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Fang Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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Mantovska DI, Zhiponova MK, Georgiev MI, Alipieva K, Tsacheva I, Simova S, Yordanova ZP. Biological Activity and NMR-Fingerprinting of Balkan Endemic Species Stachys thracica Davidov. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030251. [PMID: 35323694 PMCID: PMC8953131 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Stachys thracica Davidov is a Balkan endemic species distributed in Bulgaria, Greece, and Turkey. In Bulgaria, it is classified as “rare” and is under the protection of the Bulgarian biodiversity law. The aim of our study was to develop an efficient protocol for ex situ conservation of S. thracica and to perform comparative NMR-based metabolite profiling and bioactivity assays of extracts from in situ grown, in vitro cultivated, and ex vitro acclimated plants. Micropropagation of S. thracica was achieved by in vitro cultivation of mono-nodal segments on basal MS medium. Ex vitro adaptation was accomplished in the experimental field with 83% survival while conserved genetic identity between in vitro and ex vitro plants as shown by the overall sequence-related amplified polymorphism marker patterns was established. Verbascoside, chlorogenic acid, and trigonelline appeared the main secondary metabolites in in situ, in vitro cultivated, and ex vitro acclimated S. thracica. High total phenolic and flavonoid content as well as antioxidant and radical scavenging activity were observed in in situ and ex vitro plants. Further, the anti-inflammatory activity of S. thracica was tested by hemolytic assay and a high inhibition of the complement system was observed. Initiated in vitro and ex vitro cultures offer an effective tool for the management and better exploitation of the Stachys secondary metabolism and the selection of lines with high content of bioactive molecules and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desislava I. Mantovska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.I.M.); (M.K.Z.)
| | - Miroslava K. Zhiponova
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.I.M.); (M.K.Z.)
| | - Milen I. Georgiev
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Kalina Alipieva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, bl. 9 Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (K.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Ivanka Tsacheva
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Svetlana Simova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, bl. 9 Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (K.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Zhenya P. Yordanova
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.I.M.); (M.K.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +359-888572562
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Phytochemical Characterization and Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Different Parts of Prinsepia utilis Royle. J FOOD QUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/9739851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the phenolic composition and antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of the flowers, leaves, and stems of Prinsepia utilis Royle. In the work, their total phenol content and flavonoid content were determined. In addition, the scavenging effects of DPPH and ABTS free radicals and ferric reducing antioxidant power were measured. The results showed the flowers had the highest total phenol and flavonoid content, followed by the leaves and stems. A total of 11 phenolic substances were identified and quantified using UHPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS, of which rutin was the dominant phenolic compound in all samples. All three samples had good antioxidant activity and dose dependently inhibited the activity of α-glucosidase, pancreatic lipase, and tyrosinase. In summary, the ethanol extracts of the flowers have the best antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory ability among three samples. The outcome could provide support for the development and utilization of P. utilis.
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Ginsenosides Conversion and Anti-Oxidant Activities in Puffed Cultured Roots of Mountain Ginseng. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9122271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CRMG (Cultured Roots of Mountain Ginseng) have the advantages in scale-up production, safety, and pharmacological efficacies. Though several methods are available for the conversion of major to minor ginsenosides, which has more pharmacological activities, a single step process with high temperature and pressure as a puffing method took place in this study to gain and produce more pharmacologically active compounds. Puffed CRMG exhibited an acceleration of major ginsenosides to minor ginsenosides conversions, and released more phenolic and flavonoid compounds. HPLC analysis was used to detect a steep decrease in the contents of major ginsenosides (Re, Rf, Rg1, Rg2, Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc and Rd) with increasing pressure; on the contrary, the minor ginsenosides (20 (S, R)-Rg3, Rg5, Rk1, Rh1, Rh2, Rg6, F4 and Rk3) contents increased. Minor ginsenosides, such as Rg6, F4 and Rk3, were firstly reported to be produced from puffed CRMG. After the puffing process, phenolics, flavonoids, and minor ginsenoside contents were increased, and also, the antioxidant properties, such as DPPH inhibition and reducing the power of puffed CRMG, were significantly enhanced. Puffed CRMG at 490.3 kPa and 588.4 kPa had a low toxicity on HaCaT (immortalized human epidermal keratinocyte) cells at 200 μg/mL, and could significantly reduce ROS by an average of 60%, compared to the group treated with H2O2. Therefore, single step puffing of CRMG has the potential to be utilized for functional food and cosmeceuticals.
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Shah BR, Xu W, Mráz J. Fabrication, stability and rheological properties of zein/chitosan particles stabilized Pickering emulsions with antioxidant activities of the encapsulated vit-D 3. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:803-810. [PMID: 34597693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pickering emulsions have been known to be promising candidates for encapsulating and delivering a wide range of bioactive compounds with antioxidant potentials. In this work, we formulated and characterized zein (ZN)/chitosan (CS) stabilized Pickering emulsion. The prepared emulsions were firstly characterized by droplet size after preparation and after storage for one month at room temperature as well as after the addition of prebiotic gum Arabic (GA). Rheological measurements were further carried out to see the behavior and stability of these emulsions after storage. Thereafter, vit-D3 was encapsulated, and the antioxidant activity of the emulsions system were evaluated. The results showed that no significant change in the mean droplet diameter of the emulsions was observed after storage for a month. This claim was further confirmed by their rheological measurements particularly, the emulsions prepared with ZN/CS ratio of 1:2 having 50% oil contents exhibited significant stability. GA addition caused a gradual increase in the droplet size up to some level, after which it led to complete destabilization of the emulsion. Finally, to protect and deliver, vit-D3 was successfully loaded in these emulsions. No significant difference in the DPPH radical scavenging activity of the vit-D3 encapsulated emulsions was observed, showing their capability as delivery vehicles irrespective of their composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakht Ramin Shah
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute ofAquaculture and Protection of Waters, Na Sádkách 1780, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jan Mráz
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute ofAquaculture and Protection of Waters, Na Sádkách 1780, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Molla MM, Kamal MM, Sabuz AA, Chowdhury MGF, Haque Khan MH, Khatun A, Miaruddin M, Zashimuddin M, Islam MM. Chemical composition, bioactive compounds, antioxidants potential and mycotoxin of minor exotic archidendron pauciflorum fruit with the focus to Bangladesh. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Maciel VBV, Bezerra RQ, Chagas EGLD, Yoshida CMP, Carvalho RAD. Ora-pro-nobis (Pereskia aculeata Miller): a potential alternative for iron supplementation and phytochemical compounds. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-6723.18020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Ora-pro-nobis (OPN) (Pereskia aculeata Miller) is a non-conventional edible plant rich in protein, fibres and minerals. The innovation of this work is based on the sustainability production of the aqueous extract (green solvent) containing iron and bioactive compounds as well as employing a native plant from Brazil. A screening of phytochemicals components, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and tannins contents were performed using OPN extract. The antioxidant activity of the OPN aqueous extract was determined by three different assays as following: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•); Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP); and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC). The OPN dried leaves presented high protein and minerals contents. Indeed, the Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR Spectroscopy) analysis performed in OPN aqueous extract confirmed the appearance of representative functional groups of the bioactive compounds. Overall the results suggested that it is possible to use simple aqueous solvent to produce OPN extract rich in iron, bioactive compounds and within antioxidant activity that could be potentially used as functional food ingredient.
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Tomou EM, Barda C, Skaltsa H. Genus Stachys: A Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Bioactivity. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 7:E63. [PMID: 33003416 PMCID: PMC7601302 DOI: 10.3390/medicines7100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present review highlights that Stachys spp. consist an important source of bioactive phytochemicals and exemplifies the uncharted territory of this genus for new research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Helen Skaltsa
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (E.-M.T.); (C.B.)
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Chuang WY, Hsieh YC, Lee TT. The Effects of Fungal Feed Additives in Animals: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E805. [PMID: 32384791 PMCID: PMC7278461 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As probiotics, fungi enhance animal health and are suitable animal feed additives. In addition to brewing fungi, there are also edible and medicinal fungi. Common fungi utilized in feeding programs include Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus oryzae, Pleurotus spp., Antrodia cinnamomea, and Cordyceps militaris. These fungi are rich in glucans, polysaccharides, polyphenols, triterpenes, ergosterol, adenosine, and laccases. These functional components play important roles in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and immune system regulation. As such, fungal feed additives could be of potential use when breeding livestock. In previous studies, fungal feed additives enhanced body weight and egg production in poultry and improved the feed conversion rate. Several mycotoxins can be produced by hazardous fungi but fortunately, the cell walls constituents and enzymes of fungal probiotics can also act to decrease the toxicity of mycotoxins. Overall, fungal feed additives are of value, but their safety and usage must be studied further, including cost-benefit economic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yang Chuang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (W.Y.C.); (Y.C.H.)
| | - Yun Chen Hsieh
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (W.Y.C.); (Y.C.H.)
| | - Tzu-Tai Lee
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (W.Y.C.); (Y.C.H.)
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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New Rare Ent-Clerodane Diterpene Peroxides from Egyptian Mountain Tea (Qourtom) and Its Chemosystem as Herbal Remedies and Phytonutrients Agents. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092172. [PMID: 32384789 PMCID: PMC7248853 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Genus Stachys, the largest genera of the family Lamiaceae, and its species are frequently used as herbal teas due to their essential oils. Tubers of some Stachys species are also consumed as important nutrients for humans and animals due to their carbohydrate contents. Three new neo-clerodane diterpene peroxides, named stachaegyptin F-H (1, 2, and 4), together with two known compounds, stachysperoxide (3) and stachaegyptin A (5), were isolated from Stachys aegyptiaca aerial parts. Their structures were determined using a combination of spectroscopic techniques, including HR-FAB-MS and extensive 1D and 2D NMR (1H, 13C NMR, DEPT, 1H-1H COSY, HMQC, HMBC and NOESY) analyses. Additionally, a biosynthetic pathway for the isolated compounds (1-5) was discussed. The chemotaxonomic significance of the isolated diterpenoids of S. aegyptiaca in comparison to the previous reported ones from other Stachys species was also studied.
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Chograni H, Riahi L, Dhahri S, Ezzine O, Chakroun H, Messaoud C. Interspecific variability of 1,8-cineole content, phenolics and bioactivity among nine Eucalyptus taxa growing under the sub-humid bioclimate stage. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 17:/j/jcim.ahead-of-print/jcim-2019-0159/jcim-2019-0159.xml. [PMID: 32229694 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2019-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Eucalyptus essential oils and extracts are used since the ancient times in alternative medicine. The 1,8-cineole is the most significant constituent of Eucalyptus essential oil, while phenolic contents define the value of eucalyptus extracts. Based on the last considerations, interspecific variability of 1,8-cineole content, phenolics and antioxidant potentials among nine Eucalyptus taxa growing under the sub-humid bioclimate stage of Tunisia was investigated. Methods Essential oil profiling was assessed based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were assessed using Folin-Ciocalteau and aluminium chloride colorimetric methods, respectively. The antioxidant ability of Eucalyptus volatile metabolites and extracts was achieved based on two test systems namely DPPH and FRAP assays. Results Qualitative and quantitative variations in the composition of essential oils according to the studied taxon were shown. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents varied also significantly among the investigated samples. Based on the obtained results, the species Eucalyptus sideroxylon exhibits the highest 1,8-cineole content (76.24 ± 0.86), total phenolics and flavonoids contents (38.5 ± 1.4 mg GAE /g DW and 18.6 ± 0.3 mg RE /g DW, respectively). Moreover this species highlighted the highest free radical-scavenging ability and ferric reducing power for both essential oil and methanolic extracts. Chemometric multivariate analysis showed the classification of the nine studied taxa to three clusters. Conclusions The pattern of 1,8-cineole concentration, phenolic and flavonoid contents for the studied nine Eucalyptus species and hybrid showed E. sideroxylon species as the potential candidate for further improvement strategies regarding the production of eucalyptus essential oils and phenolics with high quality for pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hnia Chograni
- Laboratoire d'Appui à la Durabilité des Systèmes de Production Agricole, Université de Jendouba, École Supérieure d'Agriculture du Kef, Route Dahmani Boulifa, 7119, Le Kef, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology and Valorisation of Medicinal Phytoresources, Department of Biology, University of Carthage, National Institute of Applied Science and Technology, BP 676, 1080 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Leila Riahi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bio-Geo Resources Valorization BVBGR LR11ES31, University of Manouba, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, 2020 Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Samir Dhahri
- Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Forest Resources LR161INRGREF01, National Institute for Research in Rural Engineering Water and Forest, University of Carthage, 2080 Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Ezzine
- Laboratory of Forest Ecology LR161INRGREF03, National Institute for Research in Rural Engineering Water and Forest, University of Carthage, 2080 Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Hanen Chakroun
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Damman, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chokri Messaoud
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology and Valorisation of Medicinal Phytoresources, Department of Biology, University of Carthage, National Institute of Applied Science and Technology, BP 676, 1080 Tunis, Tunisia
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Molecular docking and muiltple spectroscopy investigation on the binding characteristics of aloe-emodin to pepsin. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.05.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Noori A, Donnelly T, Colbert J, Cai W, Newman LA, White JC. Exposure of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum) to silver nanoparticles and silver nitrate: physiological and molecular response. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 22:40-51. [PMID: 31282192 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1634000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are among the most widely used nanomaterials, with applications in sectors as diverse as communications, energy, medicine, and agriculture. This diverse application of AgNPs increases the risk of the release of these materials into the environment and raises the potential for transfer into plants and, subsequently, the human body. To better understand the effects of NPs in agricultural systems, this study investigates plant physiological and molecular responses upon exposure to AgNPs in comparison to silver nitrate (AgNO3). Tomato seedlings (Lycopersison esculentum) were exposed to 10, 20, or 30 mg/L silver (Ag), AgNO3, or AgNPs in hydroponic media for 7 days. A number of endpoints were measured, including plant growth, photosynthetic pigments, oxidative and antioxidant responses. The results showed 2-7 times lower growth rate in plants exposed to silver compared to the control. H2O2 and malondialdehyde as oxidative stress indicators were, respectively, 1.7 and 4 times higher in plants exposed to all forms of silver compared to the control. The antioxidative responses increased significantly in plants exposed to Ag and AgNPs compared to the control. However, plants exposed to AgNO3 showed up to 50% lower enzymatic antioxidant activity. At the molecular level, the expression of genes involved in defense responses, including ethylene-inducing xylanase (EIX), peroxidase 51 (POX), and phenylalanine ammonia lyase, were significantly upregulated upon exposure to silver. The molecular and physiological data showed exposure to all forms of silver resulted in oxidative stress and exposure to AgNPs induced antioxidative and defense responses. However, exposure to AgNO3 resulted in phytotoxicity and failure in antioxidative responses. It indicates the higher reactivity and phytotoxicity of the ionic form of silver compared to NPs. The findings of this study add important information to efforts in attempting to characterize the exposure and risk associated with the release of nanomaterials in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Noori
- Department of Biology, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA, USA
| | - Trevor Donnelly
- Department of Biology, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Colbert
- Department of Biology, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA, USA
| | - Wenjun Cai
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York - College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Lee A Newman
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York - College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Jason C White
- Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
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Kim YS, Kim EK, Dong X, Shin WB, Park JS, Kim SJ, Go EA, Byun HG, Park PJ. Antioxidant Activities of Viviparus Contectus Extract Against Tert-Butylhydroperoxide-Induced Oxidative Stress. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1155:611-626. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8023-5_55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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