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Arce-Ortiz A, Jiménez-Martínez C, Gutiérrez-Rebolledo GA, Corzo-Ríos LJ, Olivo-Vidal ZE, Mora-Escobedo R, Cruz-Narváez Y, Sánchez-Chino XM. Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities and Acute Toxicity of Caco Seed ( Chrysobalanus icaco L.) in Murine Models. Molecules 2024; 29:3243. [PMID: 39064822 PMCID: PMC11279230 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chysobalanus icaco L. (C. icaco) is a plant that is native to tropical America and Africa. It is also found in the southeast region of Mexico, where it is used as food and to treat certain diseases. This study aimed to carry out a phytochemical analysis of an aqueous extract of C. icaco seed (AECS), including its total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and condensed tannins (CT). It also aimed to examine the antioxidant and metal-ion-reducing potential of the AECS in vitro, as well as its toxicity and anti-inflammatory effect in mice. Antioxidant and metal-ion-reducing potential was examined by inhibiting DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP. The acute toxicity test involved a single administration of different doses of the AECS (0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg body weight). Finally, a single administration at doses of 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg of the AECS was used in the carrageenan-induced model of subplantar acute edema. The results showed that the AECS contained 124.14 ± 0.32 mg GAE, 1.65 ± 0.02 mg EQ, and 0.910 ± 0.01 mg of catechin equivalents/g dried extract (mg EC/g de extract) for TPC, TFC and CT, respectively. In the antioxidant potential assays, the values of the median inhibition concentration (IC50) of the AECS were determined with DPPH (0.050 mg/mL), ABTS (0.074 mg/mL), and FRAP (0.49 mg/mL). Acute toxicity testing of the AECS revealed no lethality, with a median lethal dose (LD50) value of >2 g/kg by the intragastric route. Finally, for inhibition of acute edema, the AECS decreased inflammation by 55%, similar to indomethacin (59%, p > 0.05). These results demonstrated that C. icaco seed could be considered a source of bioactive molecules for therapeutic purposes due to its antioxidant potential and anti-inflammatory activity derived from TPC, with no lethal effect from a single intragastric administration in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Arce-Ortiz
- Departamento de Salud, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur Unidad Villahermosa, Carretera Federal Villahermosa-Reforma Km 15.5, Ra. Guineo Segunda Sección, C.P., Villahermosa 86280, Tabasco, Mexico; (A.A.-O.); (Z.E.O.-V.)
| | - Cristian Jiménez-Martínez
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Zacatenco, Av. Wilfrido Massieu Esq. Cda. Miguel Stampa S/N, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07738, Mexico; (G.A.G.-R.); (R.M.-E.)
| | - Gabriel Alfonso Gutiérrez-Rebolledo
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Zacatenco, Av. Wilfrido Massieu Esq. Cda. Miguel Stampa S/N, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07738, Mexico; (G.A.G.-R.); (R.M.-E.)
| | - Luis Jorge Corzo-Ríos
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Acueducto, La Laguna Ticomán, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07340, Mexico;
| | - Zendy Evelyn Olivo-Vidal
- Departamento de Salud, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur Unidad Villahermosa, Carretera Federal Villahermosa-Reforma Km 15.5, Ra. Guineo Segunda Sección, C.P., Villahermosa 86280, Tabasco, Mexico; (A.A.-O.); (Z.E.O.-V.)
| | - Rosalva Mora-Escobedo
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Zacatenco, Av. Wilfrido Massieu Esq. Cda. Miguel Stampa S/N, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07738, Mexico; (G.A.G.-R.); (R.M.-E.)
| | - Yair Cruz-Narváez
- Laboratorio de Posgrado e Investigación de Operaciones Unitarias, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Química e Industrias Extractivas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Zacatenco, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Col. Lindavista, Mexico City 07738, Mexico;
| | - Xariss M. Sánchez-Chino
- Catedra-CONAHCYT, Departamento de Salud, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur-Villahermosa, Carretera Federal Villahermosa-Reforma Km 15.5, Ra. Guineo Segunda Sección, C.P., Villahermosa 86280, Tabasco, Mexico
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Cirrincione F, Ferranti P, Ferrara A, Romano A. A critical evaluation on the valorization strategies to reduce and reuse orange waste in bakery industry. Food Res Int 2024; 187:114422. [PMID: 38763672 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Tons of orange by-products (OBPs) are generated during industrial orange processing. Currently, OBPs management is challenging due to their high amounts, physico-chemical characteristics (high water content, low pH, presence of essential oils) and seasonal nature of the production. Whereas agro-industrial OBPs can be highly valuable due to their abundant sources of bioactive compounds, which can add value to novel bakery products (e.g. bread, biscuits, cakes). This review covers the most recent research issues linked to the use of OBPs in bakery products, with a focus on available stabilization methods and on the main challenges to designing improved products. The application of OBPs improved the nutritional quality of bakery products, offering interesting sustainability benefits but also critical challenges. The valorization of OBPs may open new routes for the development of new natural ingredients for the food industry and lower food processing waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cirrincione
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Piazza Carlo di Borbone, 80055 Portici (Naples), Italy
| | - Pasquale Ferranti
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Piazza Carlo di Borbone, 80055 Portici (Naples), Italy
| | - Alessandra Ferrara
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Piazza Carlo di Borbone, 80055 Portici (Naples), Italy
| | - Annalisa Romano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Piazza Carlo di Borbone, 80055 Portici (Naples), Italy.
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Cordeiro-Massironi K, Soares-Freitas RAM, Sampaio GR, Pinaffi-Langley ACDC, Bridi R, de Camargo AC, Torres EAFS. In Vitro Digestion of Peanut Skin Releases Bioactive Compounds and Increases Cancer Cell Toxicity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1356. [PMID: 37507896 PMCID: PMC10376574 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Peanut skin is a rich source of bioactive compounds which may be able to reduce the risk factors associated with metabolic syndromes. This study aimed to characterize bio-compounds from peanut skin (Arachis hypogaea) and their bioactivity (antioxidant activity, inhibition of lipase, and carbohydrase enzymes) and to evaluate their anti-proliferative properties in colorectal cancer cells (HCT116) upon in vitro digestion. Peanut skin was digested in two sequential phases, and the final content, named phase-1 (P1) and phase-2 (P2) extracts, was evaluated. Several bioactive compounds were positively identified and quantified by liquid chromatography, including quinic acid, released especially after in vitro digestion. The total phenolic content and, regardless of the method, the antioxidant activity of P1 was higher than P2. P1 also showed a lower enzyme inhibitory concentration IC50 than P2, lipase, and α-glucosidase. For cell viability in HCT116 cells, lower concentrations of P1 were found for IC50 compared to P2. In conclusion, bioactive compounds were released mainly during the first phase of the in vitro digestion. The digested samples presented antioxidant activity, enzyme inhibitory activity, and cancer cell cytotoxicity, especially those from the P1 extract. The potential applications of such a by-product in human health are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Cordeiro-Massironi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil
| | | | - Geni Rodrigues Sampaio
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Ana Clara da C Pinaffi-Langley
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Raquel Bridi
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
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Andrade MA, Barbosa CH, Shah MA, Ahmad N, Vilarinho F, Khwaldia K, Silva AS, Ramos F. Citrus By-Products: Valuable Source of Bioactive Compounds for Food Applications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010038. [PMID: 36670900 PMCID: PMC9855225 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus production produces about 15 million tons of by-products/waste worldwide every year. Due to their high content of bioactive compounds, several extraction techniques can be applied to obtain extracts rich in valuable compounds and further application into food applications. Distillation and solvent extraction continues to be the most used and applied extraction techniques, followed by newer techniques such as microwave-assisted extraction and pulsed electric field extraction. Although the composition of these extracts and essential oils directly depends on the edaphoclimatic conditions to which the fruit/plant was exposed, the main active compounds are D-limonene, carotenoids, and carbohydrates. Pectin, one of the most abundant carbohydrates present in Citrus peels, can be used as a biodegradable polymer to develop new food packaging, and the extracted bioactive compounds can be easily added directly or indirectly to foods to increase their shelf-life. One of the applications is their incorporation in active food packaging for microbiological and/or oxidation inhibition, prolonging foods' shelf-life and, consequently, contributing to reducing food spoilage. This review highlights some of the most used and effective extraction techniques and the application of the obtained essential oils and extracts directly or indirectly (through active packaging) to foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana A. Andrade
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Cássia H. Barbosa
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- MEtRICs, Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologia da Biomassa, Departamento de Química, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, FCT NOVA, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | | | - Nazir Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Fernanda Vilarinho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Khaoula Khwaldia
- Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles, Institut National de Recherche et d’Analyse Physico-Chimique, INRAP, Pôle Technologique de Sidi Thabet, Tunis 2020, Tunisia
| | - Ana Sanches Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, 4485-655 Vairão, Portugal
- Center for Study in Animal Science (CECA), ICETA, University of Oporto, 4051-401 Oporto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fernando Ramos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Oporto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Recovery of Citric Acid from Citrus Peels: Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Optimized by Response Surface Methodology. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10070257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The production of citrus juice generates a large quantity of by-products, which are often discarded or used for animal feed. However, several studies have shown its richness in valuable compounds, namely organic acids. Thus, this work intended to valorize orange and lime peels as renewable sources of citric acid. An experimental design combining five levels of the independent variables time (2–45 min), ultrasonic power (50–500 W), and ethanol proportion (0–100%) was implemented and response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the extraction process. The UPLC-PDA analysis showed that orange peel presented a higher citric acid content than lime. For lime and orange peels, the extraction yield was maximized by sonicating at low power for 5.8 or 35.5 min, using a low ethanol proportion or only water as a solvent, respectively. Overall, optimal UAE conditions were defined for the sustainable extraction of citric acid from citrus by-products, thus contributing to its valorization and upcycling into natural food ingredients.
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Justo AFO, Afonso PPL. The role of vascular endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase on nitric oxide synthase function in diabetes: from molecular biology to the clinic. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:467-471. [PMID: 33683570 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00611-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and receptor-type vascular endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP) are one of the majors signaling pathways related to endothelial health in diabetes. Several reports have shown that the inhibition of VE-PTP can lead the nitric oxide production, although repeated studies showed that VE-PTP regulated the eNOS exclusive at Ser1177 in indirect-manner. A recent, exciting paper (Siragusa et al. in Cardiovasc Res, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvaa213 ), showing that VE-PTP regulates eNOS in a direct-manner, dephosphorylating eNOS at Tyr81 and indirect at Ser1177 and the effects of a VE-PTP inhibitor, AKB-9778, in the blood pressure from diabetic patients.
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